Antisense modulation of TGF-beta 2 expression

ABSTRACT

Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of TGF-beta 2. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding TGF-beta 2. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of TGF-beta 2 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of TGF-beta 2 are provided.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention provides compositions and methods for modulating the expression of TGF-beta 2. In particular, this invention relates to compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, specifically hybridizable with nucleic acids encoding TGF-beta 2. Such compounds have been shown to modulate the expression of TGF-beta 2.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines regulates a diverse array of physiologic functions including cell growth and proliferation, cell migration, differentiation, development, apoptosis, production of extracellular matrix, and the immune response. This large family includes the TGF-βs, activins and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), and each subgroup of proteins initiates a unique intracellular signaling cascade activated by ligand-induced formation and activation of specific serine/threonine kinase receptor complexes (Wrana, Miner. Electrolyte Metab., 1998, 24, 120-130).

[0003] In mammals, the TGF-β subfamily comprises three transforming growth factor beta isoforms, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. As pleiotropic, secreted growth factors, TGF-βs inhibit proliferation of many cell types, including those of epithelial origin, but stimulate most mesenchymal cells. TGF-βs strongly induce synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin, collagens, proteoglycans, facilitate cell-matrix adhesion and matrix-deposition via modulation of expression of integrin matrix receptors, and upregulate their own expression. Their inappropriate functioning has been implicated in several pathological conditions such as fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and carcinogenesis. Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta 2; also known as TGF-β2, TGFβ2, TGFB2, tgfbeta2, glioblastoma-derived T cell suppressor factor, G-TsF, cetermin, polyergin, and bsc-1 cell growth inhibitor) homodimerizes (although heterodimers with TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 have been identified) and binds to the type I and II TGF-β receptors, initiating a phosphorylation cascade which is sent to cytoplasmic effector molecules, the Smad proteins, for propagation of the kinase signal to nuclear transcription factors (Piek et al., FASEB J., 1999, 13, 2105-2124).

[0004] TGF-beta 2 can regulate such diverse processes as embryonic development, wound healing, organ development, and TGF-beta 2 may be involved in setting up an immune blockade, reducing the activation of T-cells directed against tumors. Many tumor cells have a cytokine mediated immunosuppressive defense mechanism involving the secretion of TGF-beta 2, which downregulates the tumoricidal capabilities of antigen-specific T-cells. This immune evasion has been referred to as the tumor “firewall.” Thus, the modulation of TGF-beta 2 activity and/or expression is an ideal target for therapeutic intervention aimed at modulating the TGF-β signaling pathways in the prevention and treatment of many cancers and fibroproliferative diseases. Antisense-mediated inhibition of expression of TGF-beta 2 could provide a means of circumventing the tumor firewall by making these immune cells insensitive to the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-beta 2 (Shah and Lee, Prostate, 2000, 45, 167-172).

[0005] The glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor (G-TsF or TGF-beta 2) was identified as a peptide secreted by human glioblastoma 308 cells, isolated from a glioblastoma cell culture supernatant, and the peptide sequence of 20 N-terminal amino acids was used to design oligonucleotide probes and for cloning the TGF-beta 2 cDNA. At this time, it was speculated that TGF-beta 2 may enhance tumor cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and/or reduce immunosurveillance of tumor development (de Martin et al., EMBO J., 1987, 6, 3673-3677), and it was subsequently demonstrated that this effect, exhibited as an inhibition of the generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKs), may be modulated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) (Kuppner et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1988, 42, 562-567).

[0006] A growth inhibitor produced by African green monkey kidney epithelial cells was isolated from serum-free growth medium of high-density cultures and found to arrest the growth of a variety of cells in culture as well as to inhibit the growth of a human mammary carcinoma in vivo in nude mice. The name polyergin was proposed for this BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor protein, the complete amino acid sequence was determined and the cDNA cloned, and the protein was found to be functionally related to human TGF-β; this protein was later identified as simian TGF-beta 2 (Hanks et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1988, 85, 79-82).

[0007] Based on the partial amino acid sequence of purified TGF-beta 2, a cDNA clone encoding human TGF-beta 2 was also independently isolated from a library prepared from a tamoxifen-resistant human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3). TGF-beta 2 is synthesized as 442-amino acid polypeptide precursor from which the mature 112-amino acid monomeric subunit is derived by proteolytic cleavage. Northern blot analyses identified TGF-beta 2 mRNA transcripts of 4.1, 5.1, and 6.5 kilobases in several cell sources (Madisen et al., DNA, 1988, 7, 1-8). Two alternative splice variants, TGF-β2a and TGF-β2b, have been reported (Webb et al., DNA, 1988, 7, 493-497).

[0008] Disclosed and claimed in European Patent EP0376785 is a nucleotide sequence encoding TGF-beta 2 or substantially similar to TGF-beta 2 in which a portion of the nucleotide sequence is deleted and replaced by another nucleotide sequence, as well as a eucaryotic cell or a cell line containing said nucleotide sequence, the amino acid sequence of the TGF-beta 2 protein, a method for producing said protein, a method for the treatment of tumors in vivo comprising administering TGF-beta 2 at a tumoricidal effective dose, and a method for augmenting wound healing comprising administering a composition containing recombinant TGF-beta 2 at a concentration effective in stimulating cell proliferation (Purchio et al., 1990).

[0009] Disclosed and claimed in European Patent EP0268561 is substantially pure human G-TsF (TGF-beta 2), a protein in substantially pure form having human G-TsF-like activity, the recombinant G-TsF protein, the recombinant G-TsF precursor, an allelic variant or a variant resulting from point mutation or larger modifications to enhance activity or production without changing the main functional and structural properties of a G-TsF protein, a process for the preparation by recombinant DNA techniques of a protein having G-TsF-like activity, comprising the recovery of expressed protein from a vector, a host cell transformed with a gene coding for such protein, a cell line, a pharmaceutical composition, and a method of treatment comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a protein for use in therapies such as immunosuppression, wound healing, bone formation, or inflammation, in organ transplant or auto-immune conditions, in osteoporosis or tissue injury conditions, in the treatment of skin lesions caused by trauma, burns, operations or senility, or in cancer therapy (De Martin et al., 1988).

[0010] TGF-beta 2 was mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 1, band 1q41, and mouse chromosome 1, in a conserved syntenic region (Barton et al., Oncogene Res., 1988, 3, 323-331). This region of the mouse chromosome is linked to mutations associated with connective tissue abnormalities and skeletal developmental disorders (Dickinson et al., Genomics, 1990, 6, 505-520). Four human restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and single-stranded conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) as well as two developmental disorders, Usher syndrome type II (USH2) and Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), have also been reported to reside in the same chromosomal region (Nishimura et al., Genomics, 1993, 15, 357-364).

[0011] In polycystic kidneys, the expansion of cysts bears several similarities to the invasion of the extracellular matrix by benign tumors. TGF-beta 2 is known to regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and the expression of TGF-beta 2 along with certain metalloproteinases was found to be upregulated in cyst wall epithelia in a rat model of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (Obermuller et al., Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2001, 280, F540-550).

[0012] TGF-beta 2 has been implicated in several forms of cancer. Increased levels of TGF-beta 2 protein found in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes (Inatani et al., Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 2001, 239, 109-113). The intraocular microenvironment of the eye provides an immune privileged site for special immunosuppressive properties strongly mediated by cytokines such as TGF-beta 2, which was found to be expressed in all uveal melanomas tested (Esser et al., Microsc. Res. Tech., 2001, 52, 396-400). Furthermore, the tumor-associated expression of TGF-beta 2 mRNA and protein has been demonstrated in tumor cells and sera of colon carcinoma patients and found to correlate with colon cancer progression (Bellone et al., Eur. J. Cancer, 2001, 37, 224-233).

[0013] The role of TGF-beta 2 has been investigated in the mouse and a knockout generated. Mice deficient in TGF-beta 2 production die either shortly before or just after birth and exhibit multiple developmental defects, including cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limbs, spinal column, eye, inner ear, and the urogenital system. At least part of the morphogenetic action of TGF-beta 2 is regulated by cardiac neural crest cells, which secrete the TGF-beta 2 protein in a latent form and possibly activate it by undergoing apoptosis in a region- and time-specific pattern. The hearts of TGF-beta 2-null mouse embryos were examined for types of defects and it was determined that the absence of TGF-beta 2 results in a characteristic range of cardiovascular anomalies comparable to malformations also observed in humans (Bartram et al., Circulation, 2001, 103, 2745-2752).

[0014] Currently, therapeutic agents which inhibit the expression and activity of TGF-beta 2 have been reported in the art, and investigative strategies aimed at modulating TGF-beta 2 function have involved the use of function blocking antibodies, antisense expression vectors and antisense oligonucleotides.

[0015] Specific neutralizing antibodies against TGF-beta 2 have been developed and tested for their ability to prevent or reduce murine implantation in utero (Holmes et al., Ups. J. Med. Sci., 1997, 102, 41-48), and to inhibit epithelial cell activation and block cardiac epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation (EMT) during embryonic chick heart development (Boyer et al., Dev. Biol., 1999, 208, 530-545).

[0016] Disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,185 is a method for treating or reducing the likelihood of developing acute or chronic fibrosis, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF-beta 2, and wherein said monoclonal antibody is a chimeric monoclonal antibody comprising an antigen binding portion and a remainder portion, said antigen binding portion obtained from a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF-beta 2 and said remainder portion obtained from human antibodies (Dasch et al., 1998).

[0017] An antisense expression vector containing a DNA fragment including bases 1-870 of simian TGF-beta 2 cDNA was used to genetically modify rat 9L gliosarcoma (Fakhrai et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 2909-2914) or C6 glioma (Liau et al., Neurol. Res., 1998, 20, 742-747) cells and these antisense expressing cells were subcutaneously injected into tumor-bearing rats for studies of the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-beta 2 in intracranial rat glioma models. Injections with these TGF-beta 2 antisense-expressing tumor cells induced complete regression of intracranial tumors and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing rats, demonstrating that inhibition of TGF-beta 2 expression reverses its immunosuppressive effects and significantly enhances tumor-cell immunogenicity (Fakhrai et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 2909-2914; Liau et al., Neurol. Res., 1998, 20, 742-747). This TGF-beta 2 antisense vector was also used to transfect the rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, MRH-7777, and these genetically altered TGF-beta 2-antisense expressing cells were used as an experimental vaccine in a rat model of HCC tumors, resulting in enhanced immunogenicity against wild-type tumor cells (Maggard et al., Ann. Surg. Oncol., 2001, 8, 32-37). These results support future clinical evaluation of TGF-beta 2 antisense gene therapy for TGF-beta 2-expressing tumors.

[0018] Disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,772,995 and 6,120,763 are a method and a composition for prolonging survival of a subject having a tumor, wherein the tumor is a melanoma or a glioma, said composition and method comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified glioma cells containing a genetic construct expressing a TGF-β inhibitor, wherein the inhibitor is a TGF-beta 2-antisense molecule effective to reduce or inhibit expression of TGF-beta 2, wherein said genetically modified glioma cells are of the same tumor type obtained from the subject or are donor glioma cells, which are of the same histologic type as the subject's tumor cells (Fakhrai et al., 2000; Fakhrai et al., 1998).

[0019] Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor of the serosa and pleura induced by exposure to asbestos, and significant levels of TGF-beta 2 are produced by some human MM cell lines. A 743-base pair fragment of the TGF-beta 2 sequence was cloned in the antisense direction into an expression vector and transfected into AC29 murine MM cells. These cells were used to demonstrate that inhibition of TGF-beta 2 expression reduced the anchorage-independent growth and proliferation of MM cells in vitro. When these TGF-beta 2-antisense-expressing cells were used to inoculate mice intraperitoneally, tumor development and mortality of these mice was significantly delayed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of tumors from the TGF-beta 2-antisense-expressing mice revealed an increase in T lymphocyte infiltration into the tumors, suggesting that TGF-beta 2 has multiple tumor-enhancing effects in MM cells (Fitzpatrick et al., Growth Factors, 1994, 11, 29-44).

[0020] Two phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides, one oligonucleotide with and one without C-5 propyne pyrimidine modifications, each 15 nucleotides in length and targeted to an internal coding sequence 118-132 nucleotides downstream from the translation initiation codon of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA and containing one base mismatch, were either encapsulated in liposomes and transfected into AC29 murine MM cells or delivered intratumorally into mice with palpable tumors. The TGF-beta 2 antisense oligonucleotide reduced the proliferative capacity of the AC29 MM cell line in vitro, and in vivo administration of TGF-beta 2 antisense oligonucleotide, delivered locally, reduced tumor growth and resulted in significantly prolonged survival times as well as a delay in development of clinical symptoms. These results show that TGF-beta 2 modulates MM tumor growth and plays a role in tumorigenesis, again suggesting that antisense oligonucleotides may be useful as therapy for MM (Marzo et al., Cancer Res., 1997, 57, 3200-3207).

[0021] Although TGF-beta 2 inhibits growth of many cell types, it is also a stimulator of mitogenic activity of primary osteoblasts. Three antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, each 20 nucleotides in length, two complementary to a region encompassing the translation initiation site of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA and the third targeted to a region 61-82 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon, were tested for their effects on proliferation in a human osteoblast cell line ROS 17/2. The most effective of the oligonucleotides was one targeted to the initiation codon, and served to enhance cell proliferation, demonstrating the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 2 in osteoblasts, and suggesting a role for TGF-beta 2 in bone remodeling (Shen et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 2001, 268, 2331-2337). This same 20-base sequence, encompassing the translation initiation site of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA, was also used to compare the effectiveness of multiple variations (partially phosphorothioate modified, unmodified and full-length modified) of antisense oligonucleotides. These oligonucleotide variants were used to transfect monoblastic U937 cell lines and show that the full-length phophorothioate modified antisense analogues exhibit the highest inhibitory effects on TGF-beta 2 expression (Shen et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1999, 9, 13-18).

[0022] An unmodified phosphodiester antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, 19 bases in length and flanking the translation start site of the murine TGF-beta 2 cDNA was used to demonstrate that inhibition of expression of TGF-β3 but not TGF-beta 2 or TGF-β1 prevents normal mouse embryonic palate fusion, supporting the conclusion that TGF-β family members have isoform specific roles in development (Brunet et al., Int. J. Dev. Biol., 1995, 39, 345-355). This conclusion was further supported by the use of an antisense oligonucleotide, 16 nucleotides in length and spanning the initiation codon of the murine TGF-beta 2 mRNA to show that TGF-beta 2 loss of function increased tooth organ size and advanced the stage of development to the cap stage without altering Meckel's cartilage size and shape. Again the results differed from the effects of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 antisense experiments, and supported the conclusion that each of the TGF-β isoforms has unique functions during embryonic craniofacial morphogenesis (Chai et al., Dev. Biol., 1994, 162, 85-103). A phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide with the same 16 base sequence and spanning the initiation codon of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA was also used to study early rat lung branching and demonstrate that TGF-beta 2 regulates pattern formation during early rat lung organogenesis (Liu et al., Dev. Dyn., 2000, 217, 343-360). Similarly, a phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, 15 nucleotides in length and targeting the initiation codon of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA was used to inhibit TGF-beta 2 expression in M-1 and mIMCD-K2 renal collecting duct cell lines from transgenic mice and to show that secreted endogenous TGF-beta 2 acts as a paracrine regulator of endothelin₁ synthesis and secretion (Schnermann et al., Endocrinology, 1996, 137, 5000-5008).

[0023] In human cancers, including brain tumors and breast carcinomas, TGF-beta 2 is associated with immunosuppression of T-cell function. A phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, 14 nucleotides in length and targeted to a region just upstream of the initiation codon of the TGF-beta 2 mRNA, was used to modulate expression of TGF-beta 2 in human tumor cells from three patients with high-grade malignant gliomas and to reverse the TGF-beta 2-mediated proliferation of tumor cells and cytotoxicity of autologous lymphocytes from malignant glioma patients (Jachimczak et al., J. Neurosurg., 1993, 78, 944-951; Jachimczak et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1996, 65, 332-337). Similarly, in hormone-dependent breast carcinoma cells the antitumor effect of the antiestrogen tamoxifen is believed to be mediated by natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and in breast carcinoma cells that have become resistant to tamoxifen, overexpression of TGF-beta 2 has been reported. The same antisense oligonucleotide was also found to enhance the NK cell sensitivity of LCC2 tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells in the presence of tamoxifen, demonstrating that NK cytotoxicity mediates, in part, the antitumor effect of tamoxifen, and that TGF-beta 2 normally abrogates this mechanism (Arteaga et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1999, 91, 46-53).

[0024] Disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,738,990 and 5,744,131 is a method of screening synthetic or biological compounds for their ability to bind specific DNA test sequences and block transcriptional activity as well as a DNA binding agent which binds with base sequence specificity to a duplex DNA target region. Generally disclosed are potential target sites for a DNA-binding molecule, including mRNA coding sequences and promoter sequences, as recognition sequences for proteins that are involved in the regulation or expression of genetic material, and a table listing several human genes with promoter regions that are potential targets for DNA-binding molecules includes the 5′-end of the human TGF-beta 2 gene. Also generally disclosed are RNA molecules as targets for antisense or ribozyme therapeutic molecules. (Edwards et al., 1998; Edwards et al., 1998).

[0025] Disclosed and claimed in PCT Publication WO 99/63975 is a medicament comprising a combination of at least one inhibitor of the effect of a substance negatively affecting an immune response, the substance selected from a group including TGF-beta 2, and at least one stimulator positively affecting an immune response, wherein the inhibitor is inhibiting the synthesis or function of molecules suppressing or downregulating or negatively affecting the immune response, and wherein the inhibitor is an antisense oligonucleotide and/or a ribozyme (Schlingensiepen et al., 1999).

[0026] Disclosed and claimed in PCT Publication WO 00/74724 is a product comprising a proliferatively active moiety linked to genetic or nucleic acid material which is associated with protective material, wherein the proliferatively active moiety is a cytokine or growth factor or a molecule functionally equivalent thereto, and wherein the growth factor is TGF-beta 2, and wherein the nucleotide comprises an antisense sequence. Further claimed are a product for use as a pharmaceutical and a product comprising a moiety which is proliferatively active linked to encapsulated or complexed nucleic acid material selected from the group consisting of expression vectors and antisense sequences (Franks et al., 2000).

[0027] Consequently, there remains a long felt need for additional agents capable of effectively inhibiting TGF-beta 2 function.

[0028] Antisense technology is emerging as an effective means for reducing the expression of specific gene products and may therefore prove to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications for the modulation of TGF-beta 2 expression.

[0029] The present invention provides compositions and methods for modulating TGF-beta 2 expression.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The present invention is directed to compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, which are targeted to a nucleic acid encoding TGF-beta 2, and which modulate the expression of TGF-beta 2. Pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising the compounds of the invention are also provided. Further provided are methods of modulating the expression of TGF-beta 2 in cells or tissues comprising contacting said cells or tissues with one or more of the antisense compounds or compositions of the invention. Further provided are methods of treating an animal, particularly a human, suspected of having or being prone to a disease or condition associated with expression of TGF-beta 2 by administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of one or more of the antisense compounds or compositions of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The present invention employs oligomeric compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, for use in modulating the function of nucleic acid molecules encoding TGF-beta 2, ultimately modulating the amount of TGF-beta 2 produced. This is accomplished by providing antisense compounds which specifically hybridize with one or more nucleic acids encoding TGF-beta 2. As used herein, the terms “target nucleic acid” and “nucleic acid encoding TGF-beta 2” encompass DNA encoding TGF-beta 2, RNA (including pre-mRNA and mRNA) transcribed from such DNA, and also cDNA derived from such RNA. The specific hybridization of an oligomeric compound with its target nucleic acid interferes with the normal function of the nucleic acid. This modulation of function of a target nucleic acid by compounds which specifically hybridize to it is generally referred to as “antisense”. The functions of DNA to be interfered with include replication and transcription. The functions of RNA to be interfered with include all vital functions such as, for example, translocation of the RNA to the site of protein translation, translocation of the RNA to sites within the cell which are distant from the site of RNA synthesis, translation of protein from the RNA, splicing of the RNA to yield one or more mRNA species, and catalytic activity which may be engaged in or facilitated by the RNA. The overall effect of such interference with target nucleic acid function is modulation of the expression of TGF-beta 2. In the context of the present invention, “modulation” means either an increase (stimulation) or a decrease (inhibition) in the expression of a gene. In the context of the present invention, inhibition is the preferred form of modulation of gene expression and mRNA is a preferred target.

[0032] It is preferred to target specific nucleic acids for antisense. “Targeting” an antisense compound to a particular nucleic acid, in the context of this invention, is a multistep process. The process usually begins with the identification of a nucleic acid sequence whose function is to be modulated. This may be, for example, a cellular gene (or mRNA transcribed from the gene) whose expression is associated with a particular disorder or disease state, or a nucleic acid molecule from an infectious agent. In the present invention, the target is a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2. The targeting process also includes determination of a site or sites within this gene for the antisense interaction to occur such that the desired effect, e.g., detection or modulation of expression of the protein, will result. Within the context of the present invention, a preferred intragenic site is the region encompassing the translation initiation or termination codon of the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene. Since, as is known in the art, the translation initiation codon is typically 5′-AUG (in transcribed mRNA molecules; 5′-ATG in the corresponding DNA molecule), the translation initiation codon is also referred to as the “AUG codon,” the “start codon” or the “AUG start codon”. A minority of genes have a translation initiation codon having the RNA sequence 5′-GUG, 5′-UUG or 5′-CUG, and 5′-AUA, 5′-ACG and 5′-CUG have been shown to function in vivo. Thus, the terms “translation initiation codon” and “start codon” can encompass many codon sequences, even though the initiator amino acid in each instance is typically methionine (in eukaryotes) or formylmethionine (in prokaryotes). It is also known in the art that eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes may have two or more alternative start codons, any one of which may be preferentially utilized for translation initiation in a particular cell type or tissue, or under a particular set of conditions. In the context of the invention, “start codon” and “translation initiation codon” refer to the codon or codons that are used in vivo to initiate translation of an mRNA molecule transcribed from a gene encoding TGF-beta 2, regardless of the sequence(s) of such codons.

[0033] It is also known in the art that a translation termination codon (or “stop codon”) of a gene may have one of three sequences, i.e., 5′-UAA, 5′-UAG and 5′-UGA (the corresponding DNA sequences are 5′-TAA, 5′-TAG and 5′-TGA, respectively). The terms “start codon region” and “translation initiation codon region” refer to a portion of such an mRNA or gene that encompasses from about 25 to about 50 contiguous nucleotides in either direction (i.e., 5′ or 3′) from a translation initiation codon. Similarly, the terms “stop codon region” and “translation termination codon region” refer to a portion of such an mRNA or gene that encompasses from about 25 to about 50 contiguous nucleotides in either direction (i.e., 5′ or 3′) from a translation termination codon.

[0034] The open reading frame (ORF) or “coding region,” which is known in the art to refer to the region between the translation initiation codon and the translation termination codon, is also a region which may be targeted effectively. Other target regions include the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), known in the art to refer to the portion of an mRNA in the 5′ direction from the translation initiation codon, and thus including nucleotides between the 5′ cap site and the translation initiation codon of an mRNA or corresponding nucleotides on the gene, and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), known in the art to refer to the portion of an mRNA in the 3′ direction from the translation termination codon, and thus including nucleotides between the translation termination codon and 3′ end of an mRNA or corresponding nucleotides on the gene. The 5′ cap of an mRNA comprises an N7-methylated guanosine residue joined to the 5′-most residue of the mRNA via a 5′-5′ triphosphate linkage. The 5′ cap region of an mRNA is considered to include the 5′ cap structure itself as well as the first 50 nucleotides adjacent to the cap. The 5′ cap region may also be a preferred target region.

[0035] Although some eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are directly translated, many contain one or more regions, known as “introns,” which are excised from a transcript before it is translated. The remaining (and therefore translated) regions are known as “exons” and are spliced together to form a continuous mRNA sequence. mRNA splice sites, i.e., intron-exon junctions, may also be preferred target regions, and are particularly useful in situations where aberrant splicing is implicated in disease, or where an overproduction of a particular mRNA splice product is implicated in disease. Aberrant fusion junctions due to rearrangements or deletions are also preferred targets. mRNA transcripts produced via the process of splicing of two (or more) mRNAs from different gene sources are known as “fusion transcripts”. It has also been found that introns can be effective, and therefore preferred, target regions for antisense compounds targeted, for example, to DNA or pre-mRNA.

[0036] It is also known in the art that alternative RNA transcripts can be produced from the same genomic region of DNA. These alternative transcripts are generally known as “variants”. More specifically, “pre-mRNA variants” are transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA that differ from other transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA in either their start or stop position and contain both intronic and extronic regions.

[0037] Upon excision of one or more exon or intron regions or portions thereof during splicing, pre-mRNA variants produce smaller “mRNA variants”. Consequently, mRNA variants are processed pre-mRNA variants and each unique pre-mRNA variant must always produce a unique mRNA variant as a result of splicing. These mRNA variants are also known as “alternative splice variants”. If no splicing of the pre-mRNA variant occurs then the pre-mRNA variant is identical to the mRNA variant.

[0038] It is also known in the art that variants can be produced through the use of alternative signals to start or stop transcription and that pre-mRNAs and mRNAs can possess more that one start codon or stop codon. Variants that originate from a pre-mRNA or mRNA that use alternative start codons are known as “alternative start variants” of that pre-mRNA or mRNA. Those transcripts that use an alternative stop codon are known as “alternative stop variants” of that pre-mRNA or mRNA. One specific type of alternative stop variant is the “polyA variant” in which the multiple transcripts produced result from the alternative selection of one of the “polyA stop signals” by the transcription machinery, thereby producing transcripts that terminate at unique polyA sites.

[0039] Once one or more target sites have been identified, oligonucleotides are chosen which are sufficiently complementary to the target, i.e., hybridize sufficiently well and with sufficient specificity, to give the desired effect.

[0040] In the context of this invention, “hybridization” means hydrogen bonding, which may be Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen or reversed Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, between complementary nucleoside or nucleotide bases. For example, adenine and thymine are complementary nucleobases which pair through the formation of hydrogen bonds. “Complementary,” as used herein, refers to the capacity for precise pairing between two nucleotides. For example, if a nucleotide at a certain position of an oligonucleotide is capable of hydrogen bonding with a nucleotide at the same position of a DNA or RNA molecule, then the oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA are considered to be complementary to each other at that position. The oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA are complementary to each other when a sufficient number of corresponding positions in each molecule are occupied by nucleotides which can hydrogen bond with each other. Thus, “specifically hybridizable” and “complementary” are terms which are used to indicate a sufficient degree of complementarity or precise pairing such that stable and specific binding occurs between the oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA target. It is understood in the art that the sequence of an antisense compound need not be 100% complementary to that of its target nucleic acid to be specifically hybridizable.

[0041] An antisense compound is specifically hybridizable when binding of the compound to the target DNA or RNA molecule interferes with the normal function of the target DNA or RNA to cause a loss of activity, and there is a sufficient degree of complementarity to avoid non-specific binding of the antisense compound to non-target sequences under conditions in which specific binding is desired, i.e., under physiological conditions in the case of in vivo assays or therapeutic treatment, and in the case of in vitro assays, under conditions in which the assays are performed. It is preferred that the antisense compounds of the present invention comprise at least 80% sequence complementarity to a target region within the target nucleic acid, moreover that they comprise 90% sequence complementarity and even more comprise 95% sequence complementarity to the target region within the target nucleic acid sequence to which they are targeted. For example, an antisense compound in which 18 of 20 nucleobases of the antisense compound are complementary, and would therefore specifically hybridize, to a target region would represent 90 percent complementarity. Percent complementarity of an antisense compound with a region of a target nucleic acid can be determined routinely using basic local alignment search tools (BLAST programs) (Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol., 1990, 215, 403-410; Zhang and Madden, Genome Res., 1997, 7, 649-656).

[0042] Antisense and other compounds of the invention, which hybridize to the target and inhibit expression of the target, are identified through experimentation, and representative sequences of these compounds are hereinbelow identified as preferred embodiments of the invention. The sites to which these preferred antisense compounds are specifically hybridizable are hereinbelow referred to as “preferred target regions” and are therefore preferred sites for targeting. As used herein the term “preferred target region” is defined as at least an 8-nucleobase portion of a target region to which an active antisense compound is targeted. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is presently believed that these target regions represent regions of the target nucleic acid which are accessible for hybridization.

[0043] While the specific sequences of particular preferred target regions are set forth below, one of skill in the art will recognize that these serve to illustrate and describe particular embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Additional preferred target regions may be identified by one having ordinary skill.

[0044] Target regions 8-80 nucleobases in length comprising a stretch of at least eight (8) consecutive nucleobases selected from within the illustrative preferred target regions are considered to be suitable preferred target regions as well.

[0045] Exemplary good preferred target regions include DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 5′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred target regions (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately upstream of the 5′-terminus of the target region and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). Similarly good preferred target regions are represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 3′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred target regions (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately downstream of the 3′-terminus of the target region and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). One having skill in the art, once armed with the empirically-derived preferred target regions illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further preferred target regions. In addition, one having ordinary skill in the art will also be able to identify additional compounds, including oligonucleotide probes and primers, that specifically hybridize to these preferred target regions using techniques available to the ordinary practitioner in the art.

[0046] Antisense compounds are commonly used as research reagents and diagnostics. For example, antisense oligonucleotides, which are able to inhibit gene expression with exquisite specificity, are often used by those of ordinary skill to elucidate the function of particular genes. Antisense compounds are also used, for example, to distinguish between functions of various members of a biological pathway. Antisense modulation has, therefore, been harnessed for research use.

[0047] For use in kits and diagnostics, the antisense compounds of the present invention, either alone or in combination with other antisense compounds or therapeutics, can be used as tools in differential and/or combinatorial analyses to elucidate expression patterns of a portion or the entire complement of genes expressed within cells and tissues.

[0048] Expression patterns within cells or tissues treated with one or more antisense compounds are compared to control cells or tissues not treated with antisense compounds and the patterns produced are analyzed for differential levels of gene expression as they pertain, for example, to disease association, signaling pathway, cellular localization, expression level, size, structure or function of the genes examined. These analyses can be performed on stimulated or unstimulated cells and in the presence or absence of other compounds which affect expression patterns.

[0049] Examples of methods of gene expression analysis known in the art include DNA arrays or microarrays (Brazma and Vilo, FEBS Lett., 2000, 480, 17-24; Celis, et al., FEBS Lett., 2000, 480, 2-16), SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression)(Madden, et al., Drug Discov. Today, 2000, 5, 415-425), READS (restriction enzyme amplification of digested cDNAs) (Prashar and Weissman, Methods Enzymol., 1999, 303, 258-72), TOGA (total gene expression analysis) (Sutcliffe, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2000, 97, 1976-81), protein arrays and proteomics (Celis, et al., FEBS Lett., 2000, 480, 2-16; Jungblut, et al., Electrophoresis, 1999, 20, 2100-10), expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing (Celis, et al., FEBS Lett., 2000, 480, 2-16; Larsson, et al., J. Biotechnol., 2000, 80, 143-57), subtractive RNA fingerprinting (SuRF) (Fuchs, et al., Anal. Biochem., 2000, 286, 91-98; Larson, et al., Cytometry, 2000, 41, 203-208), subtractive cloning, differential display (DD) (Jurecic and Belmont, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 2000, 3, 316-21), comparative genomic hybridization (Carulli, et al., J. Cell Biochem. Suppl., 1998, 31, 286-96), FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques (Going and Gusterson, Eur. J. Cancer, 1999, 35, 1895-904) and mass spectrometry methods (reviewed in To, Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen, 2000, 3, 235-41).

[0050] The specificity and sensitivity of antisense is also harnessed by those of skill in the art for therapeutic uses. Antisense oligonucleotides have been employed as therapeutic moieties in the treatment of disease states in animals and man. Antisense oligonucleotide drugs, including ribozymes, have been safely and effectively administered to humans and numerous clinical trials are presently underway. It is thus established that oligonucleotides can be useful therapeutic modalities that can be configured to be useful in treatment regimes for treatment of cells, tissues and animals, especially humans.

[0051] In the context of this invention, the term “oligonucleotide” refers to an oligomer or polymer of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or mimetics thereof. This term includes oligonucleotides composed of naturally-occurring nucleobases, sugars and covalent internucleoside (backbone) linkages as well as oligonucleotides having non-naturally-occurring portions which function similarly. Such modified or substituted oligonucleotides are often preferred over native forms because of desirable properties such as, for example, enhanced cellular uptake, enhanced affinity for nucleic acid target and increased stability in the presence of nucleases.

[0052] While antisense oligonucleotides are a preferred form of antisense compound, the present invention comprehends other oligomeric antisense compounds, including but not limited to oligonucleotide mimetics such as are described below. The antisense compounds in accordance with this invention preferably comprise from about 8 to about 80 nucleobases (i.e. from about 8 to about 80 linked nucleosides). Particularly preferred antisense compounds are antisense oligonucleotides from about 8 to about 50 nucleobases, even more preferably those comprising from about 12 to about 30 nucleobases. Antisense compounds include ribozymes, external guide sequence (EGS) oligonucleotides (oligozymes), and other short catalytic RNAs or catalytic oligonucleotides which hybridize to the target nucleic acid and modulate its expression.

[0053] Antisense compounds 8-80 nucleobases in length comprising a stretch of at least eight (8) consecutive nucleobases selected from within the illustrative antisense compounds are considered to be suitable antisense compounds as well.

[0054] Exemplary preferred antisense compounds include DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 5′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred antisense compounds (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately upstream of the 5′-terminus of the antisense compound which is specifically hybridizable to the target nucleic acid and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). Similarly preferred antisense compounds are represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 3′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred antisense compounds (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately downstream of the 3′-terminus of the antisense compound which is specifically hybridizable to the target nucleic acid and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). One having skill in the art, once armed with the empirically-derived preferred antisense compounds illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further preferred antisense compounds.

[0055] Antisense and other compounds of the invention, which hybridize to the target and inhibit expression of the target, are identified through experimentation, and representative sequences of these compounds are herein identified as preferred embodiments of the invention. While specific sequences of the antisense compounds are set forth herein, one of skill in the art will recognize that these serve to illustrate and describe particular embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Additional preferred antisense compounds may be identified by one having ordinary skill.

[0056] As is known in the art, a nucleoside is a base-sugar combination. The base portion of the nucleoside is normally a heterocyclic base. The two most common classes of such heterocyclic bases are the purines and the pyrimidines. Nucleotides are nucleosides that further include a phosphate group covalently linked to the sugar portion of the nucleoside. For those nucleosides that include a pentofuranosyl sugar, the phosphate group can be linked to either the 2′, 3′ or 5′ hydroxyl moiety of the sugar. In forming oligonucleotides, the phosphate groups covalently link adjacent nucleosides to one another to form a linear polymeric compound. In turn, the respective ends of this linear polymeric structure can be further joined to form a circular structure, however, open linear structures are generally preferred. In addition, linear structures may also have internal nucleobase complementarity and may therefore fold in a manner as to produce a double stranded structure. Within the oligonucleotide structure, the phosphate groups are commonly referred to as forming the internucleoside backbone of the oligonucleotide. The normal linkage or backbone of RNA and DNA is a 3′ to 5′ phosphodiester linkage.

[0057] Specific examples of preferred antisense compounds useful in this invention include oligonucleotides containing modified backbones or non-natural internucleoside linkages. As defined in this specification, oligonucleotides having modified backbones include those that retain a phosphorus atom in the backbone and those that do not have a phosphorus atom in the backbone. For the purposes of this specification, and as sometimes referenced in the art, modified oligonucleotides that do not have a phosphorus atom in their internucleoside backbone can also be considered to be oligonucleosides.

[0058] Preferred modified oligonucleotide backbones include, for example, phosphorothioates, chiral phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, phosphotriesters, aminoalkylphosphotri esters, methyl and other alkyl phosphonates including 3′-alkylene phosphonates, 5′-alkylene phosphonates and chiral phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphoramidates including 3′-amino phosphoramidate and aminoalkylphosphoramidates, thionophosphoramidates, thionoalkylphosphonates, thionoalkylphosphotriesters, selenophosphates and borano-phosphates having normal 3′-5′ linkages, 2′-5′ linked analogs of these, and those having inverted polarity wherein one or more internucleotide linkages is a 3′ to 3′, 5′ to 5′ or 2′ to 2′ linkage. Preferred oligonucleotides having inverted polarity comprise a single 3′ to 3′ linkage at the 3′-most internucleotide linkage i.e. a single inverted nucleoside residue which may be abasic (the nucleobase is missing or has a hydroxyl group in place thereof). Various salts, mixed salts and free acid forms are also included.

[0059] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of the above phosphorus-containing linkages include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,687,808; 4,469,863; 4,476,301; 5,023,243; 5,177,196; 5,188,897; 5,264,423; 5,276,019; 5,278,302; 5,286,717; 5,321,131; 5,399,676; 5,405,939; 5,453,496; 5,455,233; 5,466,677; 5,476,925; 5,519,126; 5,536,821; 5,541,306; 5,550,111; 5,563,253; 5,571,799; 5,587,361; 5,194,599; 5,565,555; 5,527,899; 5,721,218; 5,672,697 and 5,625,050, certain of which are commonly owned with this application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.

[0060] Preferred modified oligonucleotide backbones that do not include a phosphorus atom therein have backbones that are formed by short chain alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, mixed heteroatom and alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, or one or more short chain heteroatomic or heterocyclic internucleoside linkages. These include those having morpholino linkages (formed in part from the sugar portion of a nucleoside); siloxane backbones; sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone backbones; formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; methylene formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; riboacetyl backbones; alkene containing backbones; sulfamate backbones; methyleneimino and methylenehydrazino backbones; sulfonate and sulfonamide backbones; amide backbones; and others having mixed N, O, S and CH₂ component parts.

[0061] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of the above oligonucleosides include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,034,506; 5,166,315; 5,185,444; 5,214,134; 5,216,141; 5,235,033; 5,264,562; 5,264,564; 5,405,938; 5,434,257; 5,466,677; 5,470,967; 5,489,677; 5,541,307; 5,561,225; 5,596,086; 5,602,240; 5,610,289; 5,602,240; 5,608,046; 5,610,289; 5,618,704; 5,623,070; 5,663,312; 5,633,360; 5,677,437; 5,792,608; 5,646,269 and 5,677,439, certain of which are commonly owned with this application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.

[0062] In other preferred oligonucleotide mimetics, both the sugar and the internucleoside linkage, i.e., the backbone, of the nucleotide units are replaced with novel groups. The base units are maintained for hybridization with an appropriate nucleic acid target compound. One such oligomeric compound, an oligonucleotide mimetic that has been shown to have excellent hybridization properties, is referred to as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In PNA compounds, the sugar-backbone of an oligonucleotide is replaced with an amide containing backbone, in particular an aminoethylglycine backbone. The nucleobases are retained and are bound directly or indirectly to aza nitrogen atoms of the amide portion of the backbone. Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of PNA compounds include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,539,082; 5,714,331; and 5,719,262, each of which is herein incorporated by reference. Further teaching of PNA compounds can be found in Nielsen et al., Science, 1991, 254, 1497-1500.

[0063] Most preferred embodiments of the invention are oligonucleotides with phosphorothioate backbones and oligonucleosides with heteroatom backbones, and in particular —CH₂—NH—O—CH₂—, —CH₂—N(CH₃)—O—CH₂— [known as a methylene (methylimino) or MMI backbone], —CH₂—O—N(CH₃)—CH₂—, —CH₂—N(CH₃)—N(CH₃)—CH₂— and —O—N(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂— [wherein the native phosphodiester backbone is represented as —O—P—O—CH₂—] of the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,677, and the amide backbones of the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,240. Also preferred are oligonucleotides having morpholino backbone structures of the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,506.

[0064] Modified oligonucleotides may also contain one or more substituted sugar moieties. Preferred oligonucleotides comprise one of the following at the 2′ position: OH; F; O—, S—, or N-alkyl; O—, S—, or N-alkenyl; O—, S— or N-alkynyl; or O-alkyl-O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl may be substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl or C₂ to C₁₀ alkenyl and alkynyl. Particularly preferred are O[(CH₂)_(n)O]_(m)CH₃, O(CH₂)_(n)OCH₃, O(CH₂)_(n)NH₂, O(CH₂)_(n)CH₃, O(CH₂)_(n)ONH₂, and O(CH₂)_(n)ON[(CH₂)_(n)CH₃]₂, where n and m are from 1 to about 10. Other preferred oligonucleotides comprise one of the following at the 2′ position: C₁ to C₁₀ lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, O-alkaryl or O-aralkyl, SH, SCH₃, OCN, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, OCF₃, SOCH₃, SO₂CH₃, ONO₂, NO₂, N₃, NH₂, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalkylamino, substituted silyl, an RNA cleaving group, a reporter group, an intercalator, a group for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of an oligonucleotide, or a group for improving the pharmacodynamic properties of an oligonucleotide, and other substituents having similar properties. A preferred modification includes 2′-methoxyethoxy (2′-O—CH₂CH₂OCH₃, also known as 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl) or 2′-MOE) (Martin et al., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1995, 78, 486-504) i.e., an alkoxyalkoxy group. A further preferred modification includes 2′-dimethylaminooxyethoxy, i.e., a O(CH₂)₂ON(CH₃)₂ group, also known as 2′-DMAOE, as described in examples hereinbelow, and 2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (also known in the art as 2′-O-dimethyl-amino-ethoxy-ethyl or 2′-DMAEOE), i.e., 2′-O—CH₂—O—CH₂—N(CH₃)₂, also described in examples hereinbelow.

[0065] Other preferred modifications include 2′-methoxy (2′-O—CH₃), 2′-aminopropoxy (2′-OCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂), 2′-allyl (2′-CH₂—CH═CH₂), 2′-O-allyl (2′-O—CH₂—CH═CH₂) and 2′-fluoro (2′-F). The 2′-modification may be in the arabino (up) position or ribo (down) position. A preferred 2′-arabino modification is 2′-F. Similar modifications may also be made at other positions on the oligonucleotide, particularly the 3′ position of the sugar on the 3′ terminal nucleotide or in 2′-5′ linked oligonucleotides and the 5′ position of 5′ terminal nucleotide. Oligonucleotides may also have sugar mimetics such as cyclobutyl moieties in place of the pentofuranosyl sugar. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such modified sugar structures include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,981,957; 5,118,800; 5,319,080; 5,359,044; 5,393,878; 5,446,137; 5,466,786; 5,514,785; 5,519,134; 5,567,811; 5,576,427; 5,591,722; 5,597,909; 5,610,300; 5,627,053; 5,639,873; 5,646,265; 5,658,873; 5,670,633; 5,792,747; and 5,700,920, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0066] A further preferred modification includes Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs) in which the 2′-hydroxyl group is linked to the 3′ or 4′ carbon atom of the sugar ring thereby forming a bicyclic sugar moiety. The linkage is preferably a methelyne (—CH₂—)_(n) group bridging the 2′ oxygen atom and the 4′ carbon atom wherein n is 1 or 2. LNAs and preparation thereof are described in WO 98/39352 and WO 99/14226.

[0067] Oligonucleotides may also include nucleobase (often referred to in the art simply as “base”) modifications or substitutions. As used herein, “unmodified” or “natural” nucleobases include the purine bases adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidine bases thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Modified nucleobases include other synthetic and natural nucleobases such as 5-methylcytosine (5-me-C), 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyl (—C≡C—CH₃) uracil and cytosine and other alkynyl derivatives of pyrimidine bases, 6-azo uracil, cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl and other 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-halo particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted uracils and cytosines, 7-methylguanine and 7-methyladenine, 2-F-adenine, 2-amino-adenine, 8-azaguanine and 8-azaadenine, 7-deazaguanine and 7-deazaadenine and 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaadenine. Further modified nucleobases include tricyclic pyrimidines such as phenoxazine cytidine(1H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzoxazin-2(3H)-one), phenothiazine cytidine (1H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzothiazin-2(3H)-one), G-clamps such as a substituted phenoxazine cytidine (e.g. 9-(2-aminoethoxy)-H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzoxazin-2(3H)-one), carbazole cytidine (2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-2-one), pyridoindole cytidine (H-pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one). Modified nucleobases may also include those in which the purine or pyrimidine base is replaced with other heterocycles, for example 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deazaguanosine, 2-aminopyridine and 2-pyridone. Further nucleobases include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, those disclosed in The Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering, pages 858-859, Kroschwitz, J. I., ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1990, those disclosed by Englisch et al., Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 1991, 30, 613, and those disclosed by Sanghvi, Y. S., Chapter 15, Antisense Research and Applications, pages 289-302, Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B. ed., CRC Press, 1993. Certain of these nucleobases are particularly useful for increasing the binding affinity of the oligomeric compounds of the invention. These include 5-substituted pyrimidines, 6-azapyrimidines and N-2, N-6 and O-6 substituted purines, including 2-aminopropyladenine, 5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine. 5-methylcytosine substitutions have-been-shown to increase nucleic acid duplex stability by 0.6-1.2° C. (Sanghvi, Y. S., Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B., eds., Antisense Research and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993, pp. 276-278) and are presently preferred base substitutions, even more particularly when combined with 2′-O-methoxyethyl sugar modifications.

[0068] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of certain of the above noted modified nucleobases as well as other modified nucleobases include, but are not limited to, the above noted U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, as well as U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,845,205; 5,130,302; 5,134,066; 5,175,273; 5,367,066; 5,432,272; 5,457,187; 5,459,255; 5,484,908; 5,502,177; 5,525,711; 5,552,540; 5,587,469; 5,594,121, 5,596,091; 5,614,617; 5,645,985; 5,830,653; 5,763,588; 6,005,096; and 5,681,941, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,692, which is commonly owned with the instant application and also herein incorporated by reference.

[0069] Another modification of the oligonucleotides of the invention involves chemically linking to the oligonucleotide one or more moieties or conjugates which enhance the activity, cellular distribution or cellular uptake of the oligonucleotide. The compounds of the invention can include conjugate groups covalently bound to functional groups such as primary or secondary hydroxyl groups. Conjugate groups of the invention include intercalators, reporter molecules, polyamines, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyethers, groups that enhance the pharmacodynamic properties of oligomers, and groups that enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of oligomers. Typical conjugate groups include cholesterols, lipids, phospholipids, biotin, phenazine, folate, phenanthridine, anthraquinone, acridine, fluoresceins, rhodamines, coumarins, and dyes. Groups that enhance the pharmacodynamic properties, in the context of this invention, include groups that improve oligomer uptake, enhance oligomer resistance to degradation, and/or strengthen sequence-specific hybridization with RNA. Groups that enhance the pharmacokinetic properties, in the context of this invention, include groups that improve oligomer uptake, distribution, metabolism or excretion. Representative conjugate groups are disclosed in International Patent Application PCT/US92/09196, filed Oct. 23, 1992 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Conjugate moieties include but are not limited to lipid moieties such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86, 6553-6556), cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1994, 4, 1053-1060), a thioether, e.g., hexyl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 660, 306-309; Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1993, 3, 2765-2770), a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1992, 20, 533-538), an aliphatic chain, e.g., dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J., 1991, 10, 1111-1118; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990, 259, 327-330; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75, 49-54), a phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethyl-ammonium 1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651-3654; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1990, 18, 3777-3783), a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain (Manoharan et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1995, 14, 969-973), or adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651-3654), a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1264, 229-237), or an octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyl-oxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277, 923-937). Oligonucleotides of the invention may also be conjugated to active drug substances, for example, aspirin, warfarin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, suprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, (S)-(+)-pranoprofen, carprofen, dansylsarcosine, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, flufenamic acid, folinic acid, a benzothiadiazide, chlorothiazide, a diazepine, indomethicin, a barbiturate, a cephalosporin, a sulfa drug, an antidiabetic, an antibacterial or an antibiotic. Oligonucleotide-drug conjugates and their preparation are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/334,130 (filed Jun. 15, 1999) which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0070] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such oligonucleotide conjugates include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,828,979; 4,948,882; 5,218,105; 5,525,465; 5,541,313; 5,545,730; 5,552,538; 5,578,717, 5,580,731; 5,580,731; 5,591,584; 5,109,124; 5,118,802; 5,138,045; 5,414,077; 5,486,603; 5,512,439; 5,578,718; 5,608,046; 4,587,044; 4,605,735; 4,667,025; 4,762,779; 4,789,737; 4,824,941; 4,835,263; 4,876,335; 4,904,582; 4,958,013; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,245,022; 5,254,469; 5,258,506; 5,262,536; 5,272,250; 5,292,873; 5,317,098; 5,371,241, 5,391,723; 5,416,203, 5,451,463; 5,510,475; 5,512,667; 5,514,785; 5,565,552; 5,567,810; 5,574,142; 5,585,481; 5,587,371; 5,595,726; 5,597,696; 5,599,923; 5,599,928 and 5,688,941, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.

[0071] It is not necessary for all positions in a given compound to be uniformly modified, and in fact more than one of the aforementioned modifications may be incorporated in a single compound or even at a single nucleoside within an oligonucleotide. The present invention also includes antisense compounds which are chimeric compounds. “Chimeric” antisense compounds or “chimeras,” in the context of this invention, are antisense compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, which contain two or more chemically distinct regions, each made up of at least one monomer unit, i.e., a nucleotide in the case of an oligonucleotide compound. These oligonucleotides typically contain at least one region wherein the oligonucleotide is modified so as to confer upon the oligonucleotide increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased cellular uptake, increased stability and/or increased binding affinity for the target nucleic acid. An additional region of the oligonucleotide may serve as a substrate for enzymes capable of cleaving RNA:DNA or RNA:RNA hybrids. By way of example, RNAse H is a cellular endonuclease which cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. Activation of RNase H, therefore, results in cleavage of the RNA target, thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency of oligonucleotide inhibition of gene expression. The cleavage of RNA:RNA hybrids can, in like fashion, be accomplished through the actions of endoribonucleases, such as interferon-induced RNAseL which cleaves both cellular and viral RNA. Consequently, comparable results can often be obtained with shorter oligonucleotides when chimeric oligonucleotides are used, compared to phosphorothioate deoxyoligonucleotides hybridizing to the same target region. Cleavage of the RNA target can be routinely detected by gel electrophoresis and, if necessary, associated nucleic acid hybridization techniques known in the art.

[0072] Chimeric antisense compounds of the invention may be formed as composite structures of two or more oligonucleotides, modified oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides and/or oligonucleotide mimetics as described above. Such compounds have also been referred to in the art as hybrids or gapmers. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such hybrid structures include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,013,830; 5,149,797; 5,220,007; 5,256,775; 5,366,878; 5,403,711; 5,491,133; 5,565,350; 5,623,065; 5,652,355; 5,652,356; and 5,700,922, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0073] The antisense compounds used in accordance with this invention may be conveniently and routinely made through the well-known technique of solid phase synthesis. Equipment for such synthesis is sold by several vendors including, for example, Applied Biosystems (Foster City, Calif.). Any other means for such synthesis known in the art may additionally or alternatively be employed. It is well known to use similar techniques to prepare oligonucleotides such as the phosphorothioates and alkylated derivatives.

[0074] The compounds of the invention may also be admixed, encapsulated, conjugated or otherwise associated with other molecules, molecule structures or mixtures of compounds, as for example, liposomes, receptor-targeted molecules, oral, rectal, topical or other formulations, for assisting in uptake, distribution and/or absorption. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such uptake, distribution and/or absorption-assisting formulations include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,108,921; 5,354,844; 5,416,016; 5,459,127; 5,521,291; 5,543,158; 5,547,932; 5,583,020; 5,591,721; 4,426,330; 4,534,899; 5,013,556; 5,108,921; 5,213,804; 5,227,170; 5,264,221; 5,356,633; 5,395,619; 5,416,016; 5,417,978; 5,462,854; 5,469,854; 5,512,295; 5,527,528; 5,534,259; 5,543,152; 5,556,948; 5,580,575; and 5,595,756, each of which is herein incorporated by reference.

[0075] The antisense compounds of the invention encompass any pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or salts of such esters, or any other compound which, upon administration to an animal, including a human, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) the biologically active metabolite or residue thereof. Accordingly, for example, the disclosure is also drawn to prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such prodrugs, and other bioequivalents.

[0076] The term “prodrug” indicates a therapeutic agent that is prepared in an inactive form that is converted to an active form (i.e., drug) within the body or cells thereof by the action of endogenous enzymes or other chemicals and/or conditions. In particular, prodrug versions of the oligonucleotides of the invention are prepared as SATE [(S-acetyl-2-thioethyl) phosphate] derivatives according to the methods disclosed in WO 93/24510 to Gosselin et al., published Dec. 9, 1993 or in WO 94/26764 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,713 to Imbach et al.

[0077] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention: i.e., salts that retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects thereto.

[0078] Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts are formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines. Examples of metals used as cations are sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and the like. Examples of suitable amines are N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, and procaine (see, for example, Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. of Pharma Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19). The base addition salts of said acidic compounds are prepared by contacting the free acid form with a sufficient amount of the desired base to produce the salt in the conventional manner. The free acid form may be regenerated by contacting the salt form with an acid and isolating the free acid in the conventional manner. The free acid forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties such as solubility in polar solvents, but otherwise the salts are equivalent to their respective free acid for purposes of the present invention. As used herein, a “pharmaceutical addition salt” includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of an acid form of one of the components of the compositions of the invention. These include organic or inorganic acid salts of the amines. Preferred acid salts are the hydrochlorides, acetates, salicylates, nitrates and phosphates. Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include basic salts of a variety of inorganic and organic acids, such as, for example, with inorganic acids, such as for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid; with organic carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfo or phospho acids or N-substituted sulfamic acids, for example acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methylmaleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, glucaric acid, glucuronic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, embonic acid, nicotinic acid or isonicotinic acid; and with amino acids, such as the 20 alpha-amino acids involved in the synthesis of proteins in nature, for example glutamic acid or aspartic acid, and also with phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, 2- or 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose-6-phosphate, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid (with the formation of cyclamates), or with other acid organic compounds, such as ascorbic acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds may also be prepared with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations. Carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are also possible.

[0079] For oligonucleotides, preferred examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include but are not limited to (a) salts formed with cations such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium, calcium, polyamines such as spermine and spermidine, etc.; (b) acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like; (c) salts formed with organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, palmitic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, polygalacturonic acid, and the like; and (d) salts formed from elemental anions such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0080] The antisense compounds of the present invention can be utilized for diagnostics, therapeutics, prophylaxis and as research reagents and kits. For therapeutics, an animal, preferably a human, suspected of having a disease or disorder which can be treated by modulating the expression of TGF-beta 2 is treated by administering antisense compounds in accordance with this invention. The compounds of the invention can be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of an antisense compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. Use of the antisense compounds and methods of the invention may also be useful prophylactically, e.g., to prevent or delay infection, inflammation or tumor formation, for example.

[0081] The antisense compounds of the invention are useful for research and diagnostics, because these compounds hybridize to nucleic acids encoding TGF-beta 2, enabling sandwich and other assays to easily be constructed to exploit this fact. Hybridization of the antisense oligonucleotides of the invention with a nucleic acid encoding TGF-beta 2 can be detected by means known in the art. Such means may include conjugation of an enzyme to the oligonucleotide, radiolabelling of the oligonucleotide or any other suitable detection means. Kits using such detection means for detecting the level of TGF-beta 2 in a sample may also be prepared.

[0082] The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions and formulations which include the antisense compounds of the invention. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary, e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal), oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular-injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration. Oligonucleotides with at least one 2′-O-methoxyethyl modification are believed to be particularly useful for oral administration.

[0083] Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable. Coated condoms, gloves and the like may also be useful. Preferred topical formulations include those in which the oligonucleotides of the invention are in admixture with a topical delivery agent such as lipids, liposomes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, steroids, chelating agents and surfactants. Preferred lipids and liposomes include neutral (e.g. dioleoylphosphatidyl DOPE ethanolamine, dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline DMPC, distearolyphosphatidyl choline) negative (e.g. dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol DMPG) and cationic (e.g. dioleoyltetramethylaminopropyl DOTAP and dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine DOTMA). Oligonucleotides of the invention may be encapsulated within liposomes or may form complexes thereto, in particular to cationic liposomes. Alternatively, oligonucleotides may be complexed to lipids, in particular to cationic lipids. Preferred fatty acids and esters include but are not limited arachidonic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl ester (e.g. isopropylmyristate IPM), monoglyceride, diglyceride or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Topical formulations are described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/315,298 filed on May 20, 1999 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0084] Compositions and formulations for oral administration include powders or granules, microparticulates, nanoparticulates, suspensions or solutions in water or non-aqueous media, capsules, gel capsules, sachets, tablets or minitablets. Thickeners, flavoring agents, diluents, emulsifiers, dispersing aids or binders may be desirable. Preferred oral formulations are those in which oligonucleotides of the invention are administered in conjunction with one or more penetration enhancers surfactants and chelators. Preferred surfactants include fatty acids and/or esters or salts thereof, bile acids and/or salts thereof. Preferred bile acids/salts include chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxychenodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glucholic acid, glycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate and sodium glycodihydrofusidate. Preferred fatty acids include arachidonic acid, undecanoic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or a monoglyceride, a diglyceride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g. sodium). Also preferred are combinations of penetration enhancers, for example, fatty acids/salts in combination with bile acids/salts. A particularly preferred combination is the sodium salt of lauric acid, capric acid and UDCA. Further penetration enhancers include polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether. Oligonucleotides of the invention may be delivered orally, in granular form including sprayed dried particles, or complexed to form micro or nanoparticles. Oligonucleotide complexing agents include poly-amino acids; polyimines; polyacrylates; polyalkylacrylates, polyoxethanes, polyalkylcyanoacrylates; cationized gelatins, albumins, starches, acrylates, polyethyleneglycols (PEG) and starches; polyalkylcyanoacrylates; DEAE-derivatized polyimines, pollulans, celluloses and starches. Particularly preferred complexing agents include chitosan, N-trimethylchitosan, poly-L-lysine, polyhistidine, polyornithine, polyspermines, protamine, polyvinylpyridine, polythiodiethylamino-methylethylene P(TDAE), polyaminostyrene (e.g. p-amino), poly(methylcyanoacrylate), poly(ethylcyanoacrylate), poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate), poly(isohexylcynaoacrylate), DEAE-methacrylate, DEAE-hexylacrylate, DEAE-acrylamide, DEAE-albumin and DEAE-dextran, polymethylacrylate, polyhexylacrylate, poly(D,L-lactic acid), poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), alginate, and polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Oral formulations for oligonucleotides and their preparation are described in detail in U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/886,829 (filed Jul. 1, 1997), 09/108,673 (filed Jul. 1, 1998), 09/256,515 (filed Feb. 23, 1999), 09/082,624 (filed May 21, 1998) and 09/315,298 (filed May 20, 1999), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0085] Compositions and formulations for parenteral, intrathecal or intraventricular administration may include sterile aqueous solutions which may also contain buffers, diluents and other suitable additives such as, but not limited to, penetration enhancers, carrier compounds and other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.

[0086] Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, solutions, emulsions, and liposome-containing formulations. These compositions may be generated from a variety of components that include, but are not limited to, preformed liquids, self-emulsifying solids and self-emulsifying semisolids.

[0087] The pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention, which may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, may be prepared according to conventional techniques well known in the pharmaceutical industry. Such techniques include the step of bringing into association the active ingredients with the pharmaceutical carrier(s) or excipient(s). In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.

[0088] The compositions of the present invention may be formulated into any of many possible dosage forms such as, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, gel capsules, liquid syrups, soft gels, suppositories, and enemas. The compositions of the present invention may also be formulated as suspensions in aqueous, non-aqueous or mixed media. Aqueous suspensions may further contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension may also contain stabilizers.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated and used as foams. Pharmaceutical foams include formulations such as, but not limited to, emulsions, microemulsions, creams, jellies and liposomes. While basically similar in nature these formulations vary in the components and the consistency of the final product. The preparation of such compositions and formulations is generally known to those skilled in the pharmaceutical and formulation arts and may be applied to the formulation of the compositions of the present invention.

[0090] Emulsions

[0091] The compositions of the present invention may be prepared and formulated as emulsions. Emulsions are typically heterogenous systems of one liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets usually exceeding 0.1 μm in diameter (Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199; Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., Volume 1, p. 245; Block in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 2, p. 335; Higuchi et al., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 301). Emulsions are often biphasic systems comprising two immiscible liquid phases intimately mixed and dispersed with each other. In general, emulsions may be of either the water-in-oil (w/o) or the oil-in-water (o/w) variety. When an aqueous phase is finely divided into and dispersed as minute droplets into a bulk oily phase, the resulting composition is called a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion. Alternatively, when an oily phase is finely divided into and dispersed as minute droplets into a bulk aqueous phase, the resulting composition is called an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. Emulsions may contain additional components in addition to the dispersed phases, and the active drug which may be present as a solution in either the aqueous phase, oily phase or itself as a separate phase. Pharmaceutical excipients such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, dyes, and anti-oxidants may also be present in emulsions as needed. Pharmaceutical emulsions may also be multiple emulsions that are comprised of more than two phases such as, for example, in the case of oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions. Such complex formulations often provide certain advantages that simple binary emulsions do not. Multiple emulsions in which individual oil droplets of an o/w emulsion enclose small water droplets constitute a w/o/w emulsion. Likewise a system of oil droplets enclosed in globules of water stabilized in an oily continuous phase provides an o/w/o emulsion.

[0092] Emulsions are characterized by little or no thermodynamic stability. Often, the dispersed or discontinuous phase of the emulsion is well dispersed into the external or continuous phase and maintained in this form through the means of emulsifiers or the viscosity of the formulation. Either of the phases of the emulsion may be a semisolid or a solid, as is the case of emulsion-style ointment bases and creams. Other means of stabilizing emulsions entail the use of emulsifiers that may be incorporated into either phase of the emulsion. Emulsifiers may broadly be classified into four categories: synthetic surfactants, naturally occurring emulsifiers, absorption bases, and finely dispersed solids (Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).

[0093] Synthetic surfactants, also known as surface active agents, have found wide applicability in the formulation of emulsions and have been reviewed in the literature (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, volume 1, p. 199). Surfactants are typically amphiphilic and comprise a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion. The ratio of the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic nature of the surfactant has been termed the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) and is a valuable tool in categorizing and selecting surfactants in the preparation of formulations. Surfactants may be classified into different classes based on the nature of the hydrophilic group: nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285).

[0094] Naturally occurring emulsifiers used in emulsion formulations include lanolin, beeswax, phosphatides, lecithin and acacia. Absorption bases possess hydrophilic properties such that they can soak up water to form w/o emulsions yet retain their semisolid consistencies, such as anhydrous lanolin and hydrophilic petrolatum. Finely divided solids have also been used as good emulsifiers especially in combination with surfactants and in viscous preparations. These include polar inorganic solids, such as heavy metal hydroxides, nonswelling clays such as bentonite, attapulgite, hectorite, kaolin, montmorillonite, colloidal aluminum silicate and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, pigments and nonpolar solids such as carbon or glyceryl tristearate.

[0095] A large variety of non-emulsifying materials are also included in emulsion formulations and contribute to the properties of emulsions. These include fats, oils, waxes, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, humectants, hydrophilic colloids, preservatives and antioxidants (Block, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 335; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).

[0096] Hydrophilic colloids or hydrocolloids include naturally occurring gums and synthetic polymers such as polysaccharides (for example, acacia, agar, alginic acid, carrageenan, guar gum, karaya gum, and tragacanth), cellulose derivatives (for example, carboxymethylcellulose and carboxypropylcellulose), and synthetic polymers (for example, carbomers, cellulose ethers, and carboxyvinyl polymers). These disperse or swell in water to form colloidal solutions that stabilize emulsions by forming strong interfacial films around the dispersed-phase droplets and by increasing the viscosity of the external phase.

[0097] Since emulsions often contain a number of ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins, sterols and phosphatides that may readily support the growth of microbes, these formulations often incorporate preservatives. Commonly used preservatives included in emulsion formulations include methyl paraben, propyl paraben, quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium chloride, esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and boric acid. Antioxidants are also commonly added to emulsion formulations to prevent deterioration of the formulation. Antioxidants used may be free radical scavengers such as tocopherols, alkyl gallates, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, or reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite, and antioxidant synergists such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and lecithin.

[0098] The application of emulsion formulations via dermatological, oral and parenteral routes and methods for their manufacture have been reviewed in the literature (Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Emulsion formulations for oral delivery have been very widely used because of ease of formulation, as well as efficacy from an absorption and bioavailability standpoint (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Mineral-oil base laxatives, oil-soluble vitamins and high fat nutritive preparations are among the materials that have commonly been administered orally as o/w emulsions.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositions of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids are formulated as microemulsions. A microemulsion may be defined as a system of water, oil and amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245). Typically microemulsions are systems that are prepared by first dispersing an oil in an aqueous surfactant solution and then adding a sufficient amount of a fourth component, generally an intermediate chain-length alcohol to form a transparent system. Therefore, microemulsions have also been described as thermodynamically stable, isotropically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids that are stabilized by interfacial films of surface-active molecules (Leung and Shah, in: Controlled Release of Drugs: Polymers and Aggregate Systems, Rosoff, M., Ed., 1989, VCH Publishers, New York, pages 185-215). Microemulsions commonly are prepared via a combination of three to five components that include oil, water, surfactant, cosurfactant and electrolyte. Whether the microemulsion is of the water-in-oil (w/o) or an oil-in-water (o/w) type is dependent on the properties of the oil and surfactant used and on the structure and geometric packing of the polar heads and hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules (Schott, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 271).

[0100] The phenomenological approach utilizing phase diagrams has been extensively studied and has yielded a comprehensive knowledge, to one skilled in the art, of how to formulate microemulsions (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Block, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 335). Compared to conventional emulsions, microemulsions offer the advantage of solubilizing water-insoluble drugs in a formulation of thermodynamically stable droplets that are formed spontaneously.

[0101] Surfactants used in the preparation of microemulsions include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, Brij 96, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, tetraglycerol monolaurate (ML310), tetraglycerol monooleate (MO310), hexaglycerol monooleate (PO310), hexaglycerol pentaoleate (PO500), decaglycerol monocaprate (MCA750), decaglycerol monooleate (MO750), decaglycerol sequioleate (SO750), decaglycerol decaoleate (DAO750), alone or in combination with cosurfactants. The cosurfactant, usually a short-chain alcohol such as ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol, serves to increase the interfacial fluidity by penetrating into the surfactant film and consequently creating a disordered film because of the void space generated among surfactant molecules. Microemulsions may, however, be prepared without the use of cosurfactants and alcohol-free self-emulsifying microemulsion systems are known in the art. The aqueous phase may typically be, but is not limited to, water, an aqueous solution of the drug, glycerol, PEG300, PEG400, polyglycerols, propylene glycols, and derivatives of ethylene glycol. The oil phase may include, but is not limited to, materials such as Captex 300, Captex 355, Capmul MCM, fatty acid esters, medium chain (C8-C12) mono, di, and tri-glycerides, polyoxyethylated glyceryl fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, polyglycolized glycerides, saturated polyglycolized C8-C10 glycerides, vegetable oils and silicone oil.

[0102] Microemulsions are particularly of interest from the standpoint of drug solubilization and the enhanced absorption of drugs. Lipid based microemulsions (both o/w and w/o) have been proposed to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs, including peptides (Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385-1390; Ritschel, Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 1993, 13, 205). Microemulsions afford advantages of improved drug solubilization, protection of drug from enzymatic hydrolysis, possible enhancement of drug absorption due to surfactant-induced alterations in membrane fluidity and permeability, ease of preparation, ease of oral administration over solid dosage forms, improved clinical potency, and decreased toxicity (Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385; Ho et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1996, 85, 138-143). Often microemulsions may form spontaneously when their components are brought together at ambient temperature. This may be particularly advantageous when formulating thermolabile drugs, peptides or oligonucleotides. Microemulsions have also been effective in the transdermal delivery of active components in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. It is expected that the microemulsion compositions and formulations of the present invention will facilitate the increased systemic absorption of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as improve the local cellular uptake of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids within the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, buccal cavity and other areas of administration.

[0103] Microemulsions of the present invention may also contain additional components and additives such as sorbitan monostearate (Grill 3), Labrasol, and penetration enhancers to improve the properties of the formulation and to enhance the absorption of the oligonucleotides and nucleic acids of the present invention. Penetration enhancers used in the microemulsions of the present invention may be classified as belonging to one of five broad categories—surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, chelating agents, and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p. 92). Each of these classes has been discussed above.

[0104] Liposomes

[0105] There are many organized surfactant structures besides microemulsions that have been studied and used for the formulation of drugs. These include monolayers, micelles, bilayers and vesicles. Vesicles, such as liposomes, have attracted great interest because of their specificity and the duration of action they offer from the standpoint of drug delivery. As used in the present invention, the term “liposome” means a vesicle composed of amphiphilic lipids arranged in a spherical bilayer or bilayers.

[0106] Liposomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles which have a membrane formed from a lipophilic material and an aqueous interior. The aqueous portion contains the composition to be delivered. Cationic liposomes possess the advantage of being able to fuse to the cell wall. Non-cationic liposomes, although not able to fuse as efficiently with the cell wall, are taken up by macrophages in vivo.

[0107] In order to cross intact mammalian skin, lipid vesicles must pass through a series of fine pores, each with a diameter less than 50 nm, under the influence of a suitable transdermal gradient. Therefore, it is desirable to use a liposome which is highly deformable and able to pass through such fine pores.

[0108] Further advantages of liposomes include; liposomes obtained from natural phospholipids are biocompatible and biodegradable; liposomes can incorporate a wide range of water and lipid soluble drugs; liposomes can protect encapsulated drugs in their internal compartments from metabolism and degradation (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245). Important considerations in the preparation of liposome formulations are the lipid surface charge, vesicle size and the aqueous volume of the liposomes.

[0109] Liposomes are useful for the transfer and delivery of active ingredients to the site of action. Because the liposomal membrane is structurally similar to biological membranes, when liposomes are applied to a tissue, the liposomes start to merge with the cellular membranes and as the merging of the liposome and cell progresses, the liposomal contents are emptied into the cell where the active agent may act.

[0110] Liposomal formulations have been the focus of extensive investigation as the mode of delivery for many drugs. There is growing evidence that for topical administration, liposomes present several advantages over other formulations. Such advantages include reduced side-effects related to high systemic absorption of the administered drug, increased accumulation of the administered drug at the desired target, and the ability to administer a wide variety of drugs, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, into the skin.

[0111] Several reports have detailed the ability of liposomes to deliver agents including high-molecular weight DNA into the skin. Compounds including analgesics, antibodies, hormones and high-molecular weight DNAs have been administered to the skin. The majority of applications resulted in the targeting of the upper epidermis.

[0112] Liposomes fall into two broad classes. Cationic liposomes are positively charged liposomes which interact with the negatively charged DNA molecules to form a stable complex. The positively charged DNA/liposome complex binds to the negatively charged cell surface and is internalized in an endosome. Due to the acidic pH within the endosome, the liposomes are ruptured, releasing their contents into the cell cytoplasm (Wang et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1987, 147, 980-985).

[0113] Liposomes which are pH-sensitive or negatively-charged, entrap DNA rather than complex with it. Since both the DNA and the lipid are similarly charged, repulsion rather than complex formation occurs. Nevertheless, some DNA is entrapped within the aqueous interior of these liposomes. pH-sensitive liposomes have been used to deliver DNA encoding the thymidine kinase gene to cell monolayers in culture. Expression of the exogenous gene was detected in the target cells (Zhou et al., Journal of Controlled Release, 1992, 19, 269-274).

[0114] One major type of liposomal composition includes phospholipids other than naturally-derived phosphatidylcholine. Neutral liposome compositions, for example, can be formed from dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Anionic liposome compositions generally are formed from dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, while anionic fusogenic liposomes are formed primarily from dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Another type of liposomal composition is formed from phosphatidylcholine (PC) such as, for example, soybean PC, and egg PC. Another type is formed from mixtures of phospholipid and/or phosphatidylcholine and/or cholesterol.

[0115] Several studies have assessed the topical delivery of liposomal drug formulations to the skin. Application of liposomes containing interferon to guinea pig skin resulted in a reduction of skin herpes sores while delivery of interferon via other means (e.g. as a solution or as an emulsion) were ineffective (Weiner et al., Journal of Drug Targeting, 1992, 2, 405-410). Further, an additional study tested the efficacy of interferon administered as part of a liposomal formulation to the administration of interferon using an aqueous system, and concluded that the liposomal formulation was superior to aqueous administration (du Plessis et al., Antiviral Research, 1992, 18, 259-265).

[0116] Non-ionic liposomal systems have also been examined to determine their utility in the delivery of drugs to the skin, in particular systems comprising non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol. Non-ionic liposomal formulations comprising Novasome™ I (glyceryl dilaurate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) and Novasome™ II (glyceryl distearate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) were used to deliver cyclosporin-A into the dermis of mouse skin. Results indicated that such non-ionic liposomal systems were effective in facilitating the deposition of cyclosporin-A into different layers of the skin (Hu et al. S.T.P.Pharma. Sci., 1994, 4, 6, 466).

[0117] Liposomes also include “sterically stabilized” liposomes, a term which, as used herein, refers to liposomes comprising one or more specialized lipids that, when incorporated into liposomes, result in enhanced circulation lifetimes relative to liposomes lacking such specialized lipids. Examples of sterically stabilized liposomes are those in which part of the vesicle-forming lipid portion of the liposome (A) comprises one or more glycolipids, such as monosialoganglioside G_(M1), or (B) is derivatized with one or more hydrophilic polymers, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is thought in the art that, at least for sterically stabilized liposomes containing gangliosides, sphingomyelin, or PEG-derivatized lipids, the enhanced circulation half-life of these sterically stabilized liposomes derives from a reduced uptake into cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (Allen et al., FEBS Letters, 1987, 223, 42; Wu et al., Cancer Research, 1993, 53, 3765).

[0118] Various liposomes comprising one or more glycolipids are known in the art. Papahadjopoulos et al. (Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1987, 507, 64) reported the ability of monosialoganglioside G_(M1), galactocerebroside sulfate and phosphatidylinositol to improve blood half-lives of liposomes. These findings were expounded upon by Gabizon et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1988, 85, 6949). U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,028 and WO 88/04924, both to Allen et al., disclose liposomes comprising (1) sphingomyelin and (2) the ganglioside G_(M1) or a galactocerebroside sulfate ester. U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,152 (Webb et al.) discloses liposomes comprising sphingomyelin. Liposomes comprising 1,2-sn-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine are disclosed in WO 97/13499 (Lim et al.).

[0119] Many liposomes comprising lipids derivatized with one or more hydrophilic polymers, and methods of preparation thereof, are known in the art. Sunamoto et al. (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 2778) described liposomes comprising a nonionic detergent, 2C₁₂15G, that contains a PEG moiety. Illum et al. (FEBS Lett., 1984, 167, 79) noted that hydrophilic coating of polystyrene particles with polymeric glycols results in significantly enhanced blood half-lives. Synthetic phospholipids modified by the attachment of carboxylic groups of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., PEG) are described by Sears (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,426,330 and 4,534,899). Klibanov et al. (FEBS Lett., 1990, 268, 235) described experiments demonstrating that liposomes comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivatized with PEG or PEG stearate have significant increases in blood circulation half-lives. Blume et al. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1990, 1029, 91) extended such observations to other PEG-derivatized phospholipids, e.g., DSPE-PEG, formed from the combination of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and PEG. Liposomes having covalently bound PEG moieties on their external surface are described in European Patent No. EP 0 445 131 B1 and WO 90/04384 to Fisher. Liposome compositions containing 1-20 mole percent of PE derivatized with PEG, and methods of use thereof, are described by Woodle et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,013,556 and 5,356,633) and Martin et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,804 and European Patent No. EP 0 496 813 B1). Liposomes comprising a number of other lipid-polymer conjugates are disclosed in WO 91/05545 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,212 (both to Martin et al.) and in WO 94/20073 (Zalipsky et al.) Liposomes comprising PEG-modified ceramide lipids are described in WO 96/10391 (Choi et al.). U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,540,935 (Miyazaki et al.) and 5,556,948 (Tagawa et al.) describe PEG-containing liposomes that can be further derivatized with functional moieties on their surfaces.

[0120] A limited number of liposomes comprising nucleic acids are known in the art. WO 96/40062 to Thierry et al. discloses methods for encapsulating high molecular weight nucleic acids in liposomes. U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,221 to Tagawa et al. discloses protein-bonded liposomes and asserts that the contents of such liposomes may include an antisense RNA. U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,710 to Rahman et al. describes certain methods of encapsulating oligodeoxynucleotides in liposomes. WO 97/04787 to Love et al. discloses liposomes comprising antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the raf gene.

[0121] Transfersomes are yet another type of liposomes, and are highly deformable lipid aggregates which are attractive candidates for drug delivery vehicles. Transfersomes may be described as lipid droplets which are so highly deformable that they are easily able to penetrate through pores which are smaller than the droplet. Transfersomes are adaptable to the environment in which they are used, e.g. they are self-optimizing (adaptive to the shape of pores in the skin), self-repairing, frequently reach their targets without fragmenting, and often self-loading. To make transfersomes it is possible to add surface edge-activators, usually surfactants, to a standard liposomal composition. Transfersomes have been used to deliver serum albumin to the skin. The transfersome-mediated delivery of serum albumin has been shown to be as effective as subcutaneous injection of a solution containing serum albumin.

[0122] Surfactants find wide application in formulations such as emulsions (including microemulsions) and liposomes. The most common way of classifying and ranking the properties of the many different types of surfactants, both natural and synthetic, is by the use of the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB). The nature of the hydrophilic group (also known as the “head”) provides the most useful means for categorizing the different surfactants used in formulations (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).

[0123] If the surfactant molecule is not ionized, it is classified as a nonionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants find wide application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are usable over a wide range of pH values. In general their HLB values range from 2 to about 18 depending on their structure. Nonionic surfactants include nonionic esters such as ethylene glycol esters, propylene glycol esters, glyceryl esters, polyglyceryl esters, sorbitan esters, sucrose esters, and ethoxylated esters. Nonionic alkanolamides and ethers such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, propoxylated alcohols, and ethoxylated/propoxylated block polymers are also included in this class. The polyoxyethylene surfactants are the most popular members of the nonionic surfactant class.

[0124] If the surfactant molecule carries a negative charge when it is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as anionic. Anionic surfactants include carboxylates such as soaps, acyl lactylates, acyl amides of amino acids, esters of sulfuric acid such as alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonates, acyl isethionates, acyl taurates and sulfosuccinates, and phosphates. The most important members of the anionic surfactant class are the alkyl sulfates and the soaps.

[0125] If the surfactant molecule carries a positive charge when it is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as cationic. Cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts and ethoxylated amines. The quaternary ammonium salts are the most used members of this class.

[0126] If the surfactant molecule has the ability to carry either a positive or negative charge, the surfactant is classified as amphoteric. Amphoteric surfactants include acrylic acid derivatives, substituted alkylamides, N-alkylbetaines and phosphatides.

[0127] The use of surfactants in drug products, formulations and in emulsions has been reviewed (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).

[0128] Penetration Enhancers

[0129] In one embodiment, the present invention employs various penetration enhancers to effect the efficient delivery of nucleic acids, particularly oligonucleotides, to the skin of animals. Most drugs are present in solution in both ionized and nonionized forms. However, usually only lipid soluble or lipophilic drugs readily cross cell membranes. It has been discovered that even non-lipophilic drugs may cross cell membranes if the membrane to be crossed is treated with a penetration enhancer. In addition to aiding the diffusion of non-lipophilic drugs across cell membranes, penetration enhancers also enhance the permeability of lipophilic drugs.

[0130] Penetration enhancers may be classified as belonging to one of five broad categories, i.e., surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, chelating agents, and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p.92). Each of the above mentioned classes of penetration enhancers are described below in greater detail.

[0131] Surfactants: In connection with the present invention, surfactants (or “surface-active agents”) are chemical entities which, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, reduce the surface tension of the solution or the interfacial tension between the aqueous solution and another liquid, with the result that absorption of oligonucleotides through the mucosa is enhanced. In addition to bile salts and fatty acids, these penetration enhancers include, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether and polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether) (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p.92); and perfluorochemical emulsions, such as FC-43. Takahashi et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988, 40, 252).

[0132] Fatty acids: Various fatty acids and their derivatives which act as penetration enhancers include, for example, oleic acid, lauric acid, capric acid (n-decanoic acid), myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein (1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol), dilaurin, caprylic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerol 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, acylcarnitines, acylcholines, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl esters thereof (e.g., methyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), and mono- and di-glycerides thereof (i.e., oleate, laurate, caprate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, linoleate, etc.) (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p.92; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; El Hariri et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1992, 44, 651-654).

[0133] Bile salts: The physiological role of bile includes the facilitation of dispersion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins (Brunton, Chapter 38 in: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th Ed., Hardman et al. Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996, pp. 934-935). Various natural bile salts, and their synthetic derivatives, act as penetration enhancers. Thus the term “bile salts” includes any of the naturally occurring components of bile as well as any of their synthetic derivatives. The bile salts of the invention include, for example, cholic acid (or its pharmaceutically acceptable sodium salt, sodium cholate), dehydrocholic acid (sodium dehydrocholate), deoxycholic acid (sodium deoxycholate), glucholic acid (sodium glucholate), glycholic acid (sodium glycocholate), glycodeoxycholic acid (sodium glycodeoxycholate), taurocholic acid (sodium taurocholate), taurodeoxycholic acid (sodium taurodeoxycholate), chenodeoxycholic acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate (STDHF), sodium glycodihydrofusidate and polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether (POE) (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, page 92; Swinyard, Chapter 39 In: Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed., Gennaro, ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1990, pages 782-783; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; Yamamoto et al., J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1992, 263, 25; Yamashita et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1990, 79, 579-583).

[0134] Chelating Agents: Chelating agents, as used in connection with the present invention, can be defined as compounds that remove metallic ions from solution by forming complexes therewith, with the result that absorption of oligonucleotides through the mucosa is enhanced. With regards to their use as penetration enhancers in the present invention, chelating agents have the added advantage of also serving as DNase inhibitors, as most characterized DNA nucleases require a divalent metal ion for catalysis and are thus inhibited by chelating agents (Jarrett, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 618, 315-339). Chelating agents of the invention include but are not limited to disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), citric acid, salicylates (e.g., sodium salicylate, 5-methoxysalicylate and homovanilate), N-acyl derivatives of collagen, laureth-9 and N-amino acyl derivatives of beta-diketones (enamines)(Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, page 92; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; Buur et al., J. Control Rel., 1990, 14, 43-51).

[0135] Non-chelating non-surfactants: As used herein, non-chelating non-surfactant penetration enhancing compounds can be defined as compounds that demonstrate insignificant activity as chelating agents or as surfactants but that nonetheless enhance absorption of oligonucleotides through the alimentary mucosa (Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33). This class of penetration enhancers include, for example, unsaturated cyclic ureas, 1-alkyl- and 1-alkenylazacyclo-alkanone derivatives (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, page 92); and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone (Yamashita et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1987, 39, 621-626).

[0136] Agents that enhance uptake of oligonucleotides at the cellular level may also be added to the pharmaceutical and other compositions of the present invention. For example, cationic lipids, such as lipofectin (Junichi et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,188), cationic glycerol derivatives, and polycationic molecules, such as polylysine (Lollo et al., PCT Application WO 97/30731), are also known to enhance the cellular uptake of oligonucleotides.

[0137] Other agents may be utilized to enhance the penetration of the administered nucleic acids, including glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, pyrrols such as 2-pyrrol, azones, and terpenes such as limonene and menthone.

[0138] Carriers

[0139] Certain compositions of the present invention also incorporate carrier compounds in the formulation. As used herein, “carrier compound” or “carrier” can refer to a nucleic acid, or analog thereof, which is inert (i.e., does not possess biological activity per se) but is recognized as a nucleic acid by in vivo processes that reduce the bioavailability of a nucleic acid having biological activity by, for example, degrading the biologically active nucleic acid or promoting its removal from circulation. The coadministration of a nucleic acid and a carrier compound, typically with an excess of the latter substance, can result in a substantial reduction of the amount of nucleic acid recovered in the liver, kidney or other extracirculatory reservoirs, presumably due to competition between the carrier compound and the nucleic acid for a common receptor. For example, the recovery of a partially phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in hepatic tissue can be reduced when it is coadministered with polyinosinic acid, dextran sulfate, polycytidic acid or 4-acetamido-4′isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (Miyao et al., Antisense Res. Dev., 1995, 5, 115-121; Takakura et al., Antisense & Nucl. Acid Drug Dev., 1996, 6, 177-183).

[0140] Excipients

[0141] In contrast to a carrier compound, a “pharmaceutical carrier” or “excipient” is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, suspending agent or any other pharmacologically inert vehicle for delivering one or more nucleic acids to an animal. The excipient may be liquid or solid and is selected, with the planned manner of administration in mind, so as to provide for the desired bulk, consistency, etc., when combined with a nucleic acid and the other components of a given pharmaceutical composition. Typical pharmaceutical carriers include, but are not limited to, binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.); fillers (e.g., lactose and other sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, gelatin, calcium sulfate, ethyl cellulose, polyacrylates or calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, metallic stearates, hydrogenated vegetable oils, corn starch, polyethylene glycols, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, etc.); disintegrants (e.g., starch, sodium starch glycolate, etc.); and wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate, etc.).

[0142] Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipient suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not deleteriously react with nucleic acids can also be used to formulate the compositions of the present invention. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.

[0143] Formulations for topical administration of nucleic acids may include sterile and non-sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions in common solvents such as alcohols, or solutions of the nucleic acids in liquid or solid oil bases. The solutions may also contain buffers, diluents and other suitable additives. Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipients suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not deleteriously react with nucleic acids can be used.

[0144] Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohol, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.

[0145] Other Components

[0146] The compositions of the present invention may additionally contain other adjunct components conventionally found in pharmaceutical compositions, at their art-established usage levels. Thus, for example, the compositions may contain additional, compatible, pharmaceutically-active materials such as, for example, antipruritics, astringents, local anesthetics or anti-inflammatory agents, or may contain additional materials useful in physically formulating various dosage forms of the compositions of the present invention, such as dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opacifiers, thickening agents and stabilizers. However, such materials, when added, should not unduly interfere with the biological activities of the components of the compositions of the present invention. The formulations can be sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously interact with the nucleic acid(s) of the formulation.

[0147] Aqueous suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension may also contain stabilizers.

[0148] Certain embodiments of the invention provide pharmaceutical compositions containing (a) one or more antisense compounds and (b) one or more other chemotherapeutic agents which function by a non-antisense mechanism. Examples of such chemotherapeutic agents include but are not limited to daunorubicin, daunomycin, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, esorubicin, bleomycin, mafosfamide, ifosfamide, cytosine arabinoside, bis-chloroethylnitrosurea, busulfan, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, mithramycin, prednisone, hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, tamoxifen, dacarbazine, procarbazine, hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, chlorambucil, methylcyclohexylnitrosurea, nitrogen mustards, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5-azacytidine, hydroxyurea, deoxycoformycin, 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphoramide, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), methotrexate (MTX), colchicine, taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide (VP-16), trimetrexate, irinotecan, topotecan, gemcitabine, teniposide, cisplatin and diethylstilbestrol (DES). See, generally, The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 15th Ed. 1987, pp. 1206-1228, Berkow et al., eds., Rahway, N.J. When used with the compounds of the invention, such chemotherapeutic agents may be used individually (e.g., 5-FU and oligonucleotide), sequentially (e.g., 5-FU and oligonucleotide for a period of time followed by MTX and oligonucleotide), or in combination with one or more other such chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., 5-FU, MTX and oligonucleotide, or 5-FU, radiotherapy and oligonucleotide). Anti-inflammatory drugs, including but not limited to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs, including but not limited to ribivirin, vidarabine, acyclovir and ganciclovir, may also be combined in compositions of the invention. See, generally, The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 15th Ed., Berkow et al., eds., 1987, Rahway, N.J., pages 2499-2506 and 46-49, respectively). Other non-antisense chemotherapeutic agents are also within the scope of this invention. Two or more combined compounds may be used together or sequentially.

[0149] In another related embodiment, compositions of the invention may contain one or more antisense compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, targeted to a first nucleic acid and one or more additional antisense compounds targeted to a second nucleic acid target. Numerous examples of antisense compounds are known in the art. Two or more combined compounds may be used together or sequentially.

[0150] The formulation of therapeutic compositions and their subsequent administration is believed to be within the skill of those in the art. Dosing is dependent on severity and responsiveness of the disease state to be treated, with the course of treatment lasting from several days to several months, or until a cure is effected or a diminution of the disease state is achieved. Optimal dosing schedules can be calculated from measurements of drug accumulation in the body of the patient. Persons of ordinary skill can easily determine optimum dosages, dosing methodologies and repetition rates. Optimum dosages may vary depending on the relative potency of individual oligonucleotides, and can generally be estimated based on EC₅₀s found to be effective in in vitro and in vivo animal models. In general, dosage is from 0.01 ug to 100 g per kg of body weight, and may be given once or more daily, weekly, monthly or yearly, or even once every 2 to 20 years. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can easily estimate repetition rates for dosing based on measured residence times and concentrations of the drug in bodily fluids or tissues. Following successful treatment, it may be desirable to have the patient undergo maintenance therapy to prevent the recurrence of the disease state, wherein the oligonucleotide is administered in maintenance doses, ranging from 0.01 ug to 100 g per kg of body weight, once or more daily, to once every 20 years.

[0151] While the present invention has been described with specificity in accordance with certain of its preferred embodiments, the following examples serve only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the same.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Nucleoside Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis Deoxy and 2′-alkoxy Amidites

[0152] 2′-Deoxy and 2′-methoxy beta-cyanoethyldiisopropyl phosphoramidites were purchased from commercial sources (e.g. Chemgenes, Needham Mass. or Glen Research, Inc. Sterling Va.). Other 2′-O-alkoxy substituted nucleoside amidites are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,351, herein incorporated by reference. For oligonucleotides synthesized using 2′-alkoxy amidites, optimized synthesis cycles were developed that incorporate multiple steps coupling longer wait times relative to standard synthesis cycles.

[0153] The following abbreviations are used in the text: thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (MP), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), argon (Ar), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), triethylamine (TEA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF).

[0154] Oligonucleotides containing 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Me-dC) nucleotides were synthesized according to published methods (Sanghvi, et. al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1993, 21, 3197-3203) using commercially available phosphoramidites (Glen Research, Sterling Va. or ChemGenes, Needham Mass.) or prepared as follows:

Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-thymidine Intermediate for 5-methyl dC Amidite

[0155] To a 50 L glass reactor equipped with air stirrer and Ar gas line was added thymidine (1.00 kg, 4.13 mol) in anhydrous pyridine (6 L) at ambient temperature. Dimethoxytrityl (DMT) chloride (1.47 kg, 4.34 mol, 1.05 eq) was added as a solid in four portions over 1 h. After 30 min, TLC indicated approx. 95% product, 2% thymidine, 5% DMT reagent and by-products and 2% 3′,5′-bis DMT product (R_(f) in EtOAc 0.45, 0.05, 0.98, 0.95 respectively). Saturated sodium bicarbonate (4 L) and CH₂Cl₂ were added with stirring (pH of the aqueous layer 7.5). An additional 18 L of water was added, the mixture was stirred, the phases were separated, and the organic layer was transferred to a second 50 L vessel. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH₂Cl₂ (2×2 L). The combined organic layer was washed with water (10 L) and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator to approx. 3.6 kg total weight. This was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (3.5 L), added to the reactor followed by water (6 L) and hexanes (13 L). The mixture was vigorously stirred and seeded to give a fine white suspended solid starting at the interface. After stirring for 1 h, the suspension was removed by suction through a ½″ diameter-teflon tube into a 20 L suction flask, poured onto a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel, washed with water (2×3 L) and a mixture of hexanes—CH₂Cl₂ (4:1, 2×3 L) and allowed to air dry overnight in pans (1″ deep). This was further dried in a vacuum oven (75° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 48 h) to a constant weight of 2072 g (93%) of a white solid, (mp 122-124° C.). TLC indicated a trace contamination of the bis DMT product. NMR spectroscopy also indicated that 1-2 mole percent pyridine and about 5 mole percent of hexanes was still present.

Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine Intermediate for 5-methyl-dC Amidite

[0156] To a 50 L Schott glass-lined steel reactor equipped with an electric stirrer, reagent addition pump (connected to an addition funnel), heating/cooling system, internal thermometer and an Ar gas line was added 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-thymidine (3.00 kg, 5.51 mol), anhydrous acetonitrile (25 L) and TEA (12.3 L, 88.4 mol, 16 eq). The mixture was chilled with stirring to −10° C. internal temperature (external −20° C.). Trimethylsilylchloride (2.1 L, 16.5 mol, 3.0 eq) was added over 30 minutes while maintaining the internal temperature below −5° C., followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). Note: the reaction is mildly exothermic and copious hydrochloric acid fumes form over the course of the addition. The reaction was allowed to warm to 0° C. and the reaction progress was confirmed by TLC (EtOAc-hexanes 4:1; R_(f) 0.43 to 0.84 of starting material and silyl product, respectively). Upon completion, triazole (3.05 kg, 44 mol, 8.0 eq) was added the reaction was cooled to −20° C. internal temperature (external −30° C.). Phosphorous oxychloride (1035 mL, 11.1 mol, 2.01 eq) was added over 60 min so as to maintain the temperature between −20° C. and −10° C. during the strongly exothermic process, followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). The reaction was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. TLC indicated a complete conversion to the triazole product (R_(f) 0.83 to 0.34 with the product spot glowing in long wavelength UV light). The reaction mixture was a peach-colored thick suspension, which turned darker red upon warming without apparent decomposition. The reaction was cooled to −15° C. internal temperature and water (5 L) was slowly added at a rate to maintain the temperature below +10° C. in order to quench the reaction and to form a homogenous solution. (Caution: this reaction is initially very strongly exothermic). Approximately one-half of the reaction volume (22 L) was transferred by air pump to another vessel, diluted with EtOAc (12 L) and extracted with water (2×8 L). The combined water layers were back-extracted with EtOAc (6 L). The water layer was discarded and the organic layers were concentrated in a 20 L rotary evaporator to an oily foam. The foam was coevaporated with anhydrous acetonitrile (4 L) to remove EtOAc. (note: dioxane may be used instead of anhydrous acetonitrile if dried to a hard foam). The second half of the reaction was treated in the same way. Each residue was dissolved in dioxane (3 L) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (750 mL) was added. A homogenous solution formed in a few minutes and the reaction was allowed to stand overnight (although the reaction is complete within 1 h).

[0157] TLC indicated a complete reaction (product R_(f) 0.35 in EtOAc-MeOH 4:1). The reaction solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a dense foam. Each foam was slowly redissolved in warm EtOAc (4 L; 50° C.), combined in a 50 L glass reactor vessel, and extracted with water (2×4L) to remove the triazole by-product. The water was back-extracted with EtOAc (2 L). The organic layers were combined and concentrated to about 8 kg total weight, cooled to 0° C. and seeded with crystalline product. After 24 hours, the first crop was collected on a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel and washed repeatedly with EtOAc (3×3L) until a white powder was left and then washed with ethyl ether (2×3L). The solid was put in pans (1″ deep) and allowed to air dry overnight. The filtrate was concentrated to an oil, then redissolved in EtOAc (2 L), cooled and seeded as before. The second crop was collected and washed as before (with proportional solvents) and the filtrate was first extracted with water (2×1L) and then concentrated to an oil. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (1 L) and yielded a third crop which was treated as above except that more washing was required to remove a yellow oily layer.

[0158] After air-drying, the three crops were dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 24 h) to a constant weight (1750, 600 and 200 g, respectively) and combined to afford 2550 g (85%) of a white crystalline product (MP 215-217° C.) when TLC and NMR spectroscopy indicated purity. The mother liquor still contained mostly product (as determined by TLC) and a small amount of triazole (as determined by NMR spectroscopy), bis DMT product and unidentified minor impurities. If desired, the mother liquor can be purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of MeOH (0-25%) in EtOAc to further increase the yield.

Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-deoxy-N4-benzoyl-5-methylcytidine Penultimate Intermediate for 5-methyl dC Amidite

[0159] Crystalline 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (2000 g, 3.68 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (6.0 kg) at ambient temperature in a 50 L glass reactor vessel equipped with an air stirrer and argon line. Benzoic anhydride (Chem Impex not Aldrich, 874 g, 3.86 mol, 1.05 eq) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h. TLC (CH₂Cl₂-EtOAc; CH₂Cl₂-EtOAc 4:1; R_(f) 0.25) indicated approx. 92% complete reaction. An additional amount of benzoic anhydride (44 g, 0.19 mol) was added. After a total of 18 h, TLC indicated approx. 96% reaction completion. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (20 L), TEA (1020 mL, 7.36 mol, ca 2.0 eq) was added with stirring, and the mixture was extracted with water (15 L, then 2×10 L). The aqueous layer was removed (no back-extraction was needed) and the organic layer was concentrated in 2×20 L rotary evaporator flasks until a foam began to form. The residues were coevaporated with acetonitrile (1.5 L each) and dried (0.1 mm Hg, 25° C., 24 h) to 2520 g of a dense foam. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed a contamination of 6.3% of N4, 3′-O-dibenzoyl product, but very little other impurities.

[0160] THe product was purified by Biotage column chromatography (5 kg Biotage) prepared with 65:35:1 hexanes-EtOAc-TEA (4L). The crude product (800 g), dissolved in CH₂Cl₂(2 L), was applied to the column. The column was washed with the 65:35:1 solvent mixture (20 kg), then 20:80:1 solvent mixture (10 kg), then 99:1 EtOAc:TEA (17 kg). The fractions containing the product were collected, and any fractions containing the product and impurities were retained to be resubjected to column chromatography. The column was re equilibrated with the original 65:35:1 solvent mixture (17 kg). A second batch of crude product (840 g) was applied to the column as before. The column was washed with the following solvent gradients: 65:35:1 (9 kg), 55:45:1 (20 kg), 20:80:1 (10 kg), and 99:1 EtOAc:TEA (15 kg). The column was reequilibrated as above, and a third batch of the crude product (850 g) plus impure fractions recycled from the two previous columns (28 g) was purified following the procedure for the second batch. The fractions containing pure product combined and concentrated on a 20L rotary evaporator, co-evaporated with acetontirile (3 L) and dried (0.1 mm Hg, 48 h, 25° C.) to a constant weight of 2023 g (85%) of white foam and 20 g of slightly contaminated product from the third run. HPLC indicated a purity of 99.8% with the balance as the diBenzoyl product.

[5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-deoxy-N⁴-benzoyl-5-methylcytidin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (5-methyl dC Amidite)

[0161] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-deoxy-N⁴-benzoyl-5-methylcytidine (998 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure, then cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (52.5 g, 0.75 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (15 ml) was added and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (2.5 L) and water (600 ml), and extracted with hexane (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (7.5 L) and hexane (6 L). The two layers were separated, the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (7:3 v/v, 3×2 L) and water (3×2 L), and the phases were separated. The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and rotary evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried to a constant weight (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1250 g an off-white foam solid (96%).

2′-Fluoro Amidites 2′-Fluorodeoxyadenosine Amidites

[0162] 2′-fluoro oligonucleotides were synthesized as described previously [Kawasaki, et. al., J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 831-841] and U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,633, herein incorporated by reference. The preparation of 2′-fluoropyrimidines containing a 5-methyl substitution are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,493. Briefly, the protected nucleoside N6-benzoyl-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroadenosine was synthesized utilizing commercially available 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine as starting material and whereby the 2′-alpha-fluoro atom is introduced by a S_(N)2-displacement of a 2′-beta-triflate group. Thus N6-benzoyl-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine was selectively protected in moderate yield as the 3′,5′-ditetrahydropyranyl (THP) intermediate. Deprotection of the THP and N6-benzoyl groups was accomplished using standard methodologies to obtain the 5′-dimethoxytrityl-(DMT) and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphoramidite intermediates.

2′-Fluorodeoxyguanosine

[0163] The synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine was accomplished using tetraisopropyldisiloxanyl (TPDS) protected 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine as starting material, and conversion to the intermediate isobutyryl-arabinofuranosylguanosine. Alternatively, isobutyryl-arabinofuranosylguanosine was prepared as described by Ross et al., (Nucleosides & Nucleosides, 16, 1645, 1997). Deprotection of the TPDS group was followed by protection of the hydroxyl group with THP to give isobutyryl di-THP protected arabinofuranosylguanine. Selective O-deacylation and triflation was followed by treatment of the crude product with fluoride, then deprotection of the THP groups. Standard methodologies were used to obtain the 5′-DMT- and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphorAmidites.

2′-Fluorouridine

[0164] Synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine was accomplished by the modification of a literature procedure in which 2,2′-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil was treated with 70% hydrogen fluoride-pyridine. Standard procedures were used to obtain the 5′-DMT and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphorAmidites.

2′-Fluorodeoxycytidine

[0165] 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine was synthesized via amination of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine, followed by selective protection to give N4-benzoyl-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine. Standard procedures were used to obtain the 5′-DMT and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphorAmidites.

2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl) Modified Amidites

[0166] 2′-O-Methoxyethyl-substituted nucleoside Amidites (otherwise known as MOE Amidites) are prepared as follows, or alternatively, as per the methods of Martin, P., (Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1995, 78, 486-504).

Preparation of 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine Intermediate

[0167] 2,2′-Anhydro-5-methyl-uridine (2000 g, 8.32 mol), tris(2-methoxyethyl)borate (2504 g, 10.60 mol), sodium bicarbonate (60 g, 0.70 mol) and anhydrous 2-methoxyethanol (5 L) were combined in a 12 L three necked flask and heated to 130° C. (internal temp) at atmospheric pressure, under an argon atmosphere with stirring for 21 h. TLC indicated a complete reaction. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure until a sticky gum formed (50-85° C. bath temp and 100-11 mm Hg) and the residue was redissolved in water (3 L) and heated to boiling for 30 min in order the hydrolyze the borate esters. The water was removed under reduced pressure until a foam began to form and then the process was repeated. HPLC indicated about 77% product, 15% dimer (5′ of product attached to 2′ of starting material) and unknown derivatives, and the balance was a single unresolved early eluting peak.

[0168] The gum was redissolved in brine (3 L), and the flask was rinsed with additional brine (3 L). The combined aqueous solutions were extracted with chloroform (20 L) in a heavier-than continuous extractor for 70 h. The chloroform layer was concentrated by rotary evaporation in a 20 L flask to a sticky foam (2400 g). This was coevaporated with MeOH (400 mL) and EtOAc (8 L) at 75° C. and 0.65 atm until the foam dissolved at which point the vacuum was lowered to about 0.5 atm. After 2.5 L of distillate was collected a precipitate began to form and the flask was removed from the rotary evaporator and stirred until the suspension reached ambient temperature. EtOAc (2 L) was added and the slurry was filtered on a 25 cm table top Buchner funnel and the product was washed with EtOAc (3×2 L). The bright white solid was air dried in pans for 24 h then further dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 24 h) to afford 1649 g of a white crystalline solid (mp 115.5-116.5° C.).

[0169] The brine layer in the 20 L continuous extractor was further extracted for 72 h with recycled chloroform. The chloroform was concentrated to 120 g of oil and this was combined with the mother liquor from the above filtration (225 g), dissolved in brine (250 mL) and extracted once with chloroform (250 mL). The brine solution was continuously extracted and the product was crystallized as described above to afford an additional 178 g of crystalline product containing about 2% of thymine. The combined yield was 1827 g (69.4%). HPLC indicated about 99.5% purity with the balance being the dimer.

Preparation of 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine Penultimate Intermediate

[0170] In a 50 L glass-lined steel reactor, 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-uridine (MOE-T, 1500 g, 4.738 mol), lutidine (1015 g, 9.476 mol) were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (15 L). The solution was stirred rapidly and chilled to −10° C. (internal temperature). Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl chloride (1765.7 g, 5.21 mol) was added as a solid in one portion. The reaction was allowed to warm to −2° C. over 1 h. (Note: The reaction was monitored closely by TLC (EtOAc) to determine when to stop the reaction so as to not generate the undesired bis-DMT substituted side product). The reaction was allowed to warm from −2 to 3° C. over 25 min. then quenched by adding MeOH (300 mL) followed after 10 min by toluene (16 L) and water (16 L). The solution was transferred to a clear 50 L vessel with a bottom outlet, vigorously stirred for 1 minute, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed successively with 10% aqueous citric acid (8 L) and water (12 L). The product was then extracted into the aqueous phase by washing the toluene solution with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5N, 16 L and 8 L). The combined aqueous layer was overlayed with toluene (12 L) and solid citric acid (8 moles, 1270 g) was added with vigorous stirring to lower the pH of the aqueous layer to 5.5 and extract the product into the toluene. The organic layer was washed with water (10 L) and TLC of the organic layer indicated a trace of DMT-O-Me, bis DMT and dimer DMT.

[0171] The toluene solution was applied to a silica gel column (6 L sintered glass funnel containing approx. 2 kg of silica gel slurried with toluene (2 L) and TEA(25 mL)) and the fractions were eluted with toluene (12 L) and EtOAc (3×4 L) using vacuum applied to a filter flask placed below the column. The first EtOAc fraction containing both the desired product and impurities were resubjected to column chromatography as above. The clean fractions were combined, rotary evaporated to a foam, coevaporated with acetonitrile (6 L) and dried in a vacuum oven (0.1 mm Hg, 40 h, 40° C.) to afford 2850 g of a white crisp foam. NMR spectroscopy indicated a 0.25 mole % remainder of acetonitrile (calculates to be approx. 47 g) to give a true dry weight of 2803 g (96%). HPLC indicated that the product was 99.41% pure, with the remainder being 0.06 DMT-O-Me, 0.10 unknown, 0.44 bis DMT, and no detectable dimer DMT or 3′-O-DMT.

Preparation of [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (NOE T amidite)

[0172] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1237 g, 2.0 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2.5 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (200 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure, then cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (900 g, 3.0 mol) and tetrazole (70 g, 1.0 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (20 ml) was added and the solution was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (3.5 L) and water (600 ml) and extracted with hexane (3×3L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.6 L) and extracted with the mixture of toluene (12 L) and hexanes (9 L). The upper layer was washed with DMF-water (7:3 v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×3 L). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1526 g of an off-white foamy solid (95%).

Preparation of 5,-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methylcytidine Intermediate

[0173] To a 50 L Schott glass-lined steel reactor equipped with an electric stirrer, reagent addition pump (connected to an addition funnel), heating/cooling system, internal thermometer and argon gas line was added 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-uridine (2.616 kg, 4.23 mol, purified by base extraction only and no scrub column), anhydrous acetonitrile (20 L), and TEA (9.5 L, 67.7 mol, 16 eq). The mixture was chilled with stirring to −10° C. internal temperature (external −20° C.). Trimethylsilylchloride (1.60 L, 12.7 mol, 3.0 eq) was added over 30 min. while maintaining the internal temperature below −5° C., followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). (Note: the reaction is mildly exothermic and copious hydrochloric acid fumes form over the course of the addition). The reaction was allowed to warm to 0° C. and the reaction progress was confirmed by TLC (EtOAc, R_(f) 0.68 and 0.87 for starting material and silyl product, respectively). Upon completion, triazole (2.34 kg, 33.8 mol, 8.0 eq) was added the reaction was cooled to −20° C. internal temperature (external −30° C.). Phosphorous oxychloride (793 mL, 8.51 mol, 2.01 eq) was added slowly over 60 min so as to maintain the temperature between −20° C. and −10° C. (note: strongly exothermic), followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). The reaction was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h, at which point it was an off-white thick suspension. TLC indicated a complete conversion to the triazole product (EtOAc, R_(f) 0.87 to 0.75 with the product spot glowing in long wavelength UV light). The reaction was cooled to −15° C. and water (5 L) was slowly added at a rate to maintain the temperature below +10° C. in order to quench the reaction and to form a homogenous solution. (Caution: this reaction is initially very strongly exothermic). Approximately one-half of the reaction volume (22 L) was transferred by air pump to another vessel, diluted with EtOAc (12 L) and extracted with water (2×8 L). The second half of the reaction was treated in the same way. The combined aqueous layers were back-extracted with EtOAc (8 L) The organic layers were combined and concentrated in a 20 L rotary evaporator to an oily foam. The foam was coevaporated with anhydrous acetonitrile (4 L) to remove EtOAc. (note: dioxane may be used instead of anhydrous acetonitrile if dried to a hard foam). The residue was dissolved in dioxane (2 L) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (750 mL) was added. A homogenous solution formed in a few minutes and the reaction was allowed to stand overnight.

[0174] TLC indicated a complete reaction (CH₂Cl₂-acetone-MeOH, 20:5:3, R_(f) 0.51). The reaction solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a dense foam and slowly redissolved in warm CH₂Cl₂ (4 L, 40° C.) and transferred to a 20 L glass extraction vessel equipped with a air-powered stirrer. The organic layer was extracted with water (2×6 L) to remove the triazole by-product. (Note: In the first extraction an emulsion formed which took about 2 h to resolve). The water layer was back-extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×2 L), which in turn was washed with water (3 L). The combined organic layer was concentrated in 2×20 L flasks to a gum and then recrystallized from EtOAc seeded with crystalline product. After sitting overnight, the first crop was collected on a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel and washed repeatedly with EtOAc until a white free-flowing powder was left (about 3×3 L). The filtrate was concentrated to an oil recrystallized from EtOAc, and collected as above. The solid was air-dried in pans for 48 h, then further dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 17 h) to afford 2248 g of a bright white, dense solid (86%). An HPLC analysis indicated both crops to be 99.4% pure and NMR spectroscopy indicated only a faint trace of EtOAc remained.

Preparation of 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N4-benzoyl-5-methyl-cytidine Penultimate Intermediate

[0175] Crystalline 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-cytidine (1000 g, 1.62 mol) was suspended in anhydrous DMF (3 kg) at ambient temperature and stirred under an Ar atmosphere. Benzoic anhydride (439.3 g, 1.94 mol) was added in one portion. The solution clarified after 5 hours and was stirred for 16 h. HPLC indicated 0.45% starting material remained (as well as 0.32% N4, 3′-O-bis Benzoyl). An additional amount of benzoic anhydride (6.0 g, 0.0265 mol) was added and after 17 h, HPLC indicated no starting material was present. TEA (450 mL, 3.24 mol) and toluene (6 L) were added with stirring for 1 minute. The solution was washed with water (4×4 L), and brine (2×4 L). The organic layer was partially evaporated on a 20 L rotary evaporator to remove 4 L of toluene and traces of water. HPLC indicated that the bis benzoyl side product was present as a 6% impurity. The residue was diluted with toluene (7 L) and anhydrous DMSO (200 mL, 2.82 mol) and sodium hydride (60% in oil, 70 g, 1.75 mol) was added in one portion with stirring at ambient temperature over 1 h. The reaction was quenched by slowly adding then washing with aqueous citric acid (10%, 100 mL over 10 min, then 2×4 L), followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2%, 2 L), water (2×4 L) and brine (4 L). The organic layer was concentrated on a 20 L rotary evaporator to about 2 L total volume. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (6 L Buchner funnel containing 1.5 kg of silica gel wetted with a solution of EtOAc-hexanes-TEA(70:29:1)). The product was eluted with the same solvent (30 L) followed by straight EtOAc (6 L). The fractions containing the product were combined, concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a foam and then dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.2 mm Hg, 8 h) to afford 1155 g of a crisp, white foam (98%). HPLC indicated a purity of >99.7%.

Preparation of [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁴-benzoyl-5-methylcytidin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE 5-Me-C Amidite)

[0176] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁴-benzoyl-5-methylcytidine (1082 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L) and co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (52.5 g, 0.75 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (1 L) and water (400 ml) and extracted with hexane (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (9 L) and hexanes (6 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40 v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×2 L). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1336 g of an off-white foam (97%).

Preparation of [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁶-benzoyladenosin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE A Amdite)

[0177] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁶-benzoyladenosine (purchased from Reliable Biopharmaceutical, St. Lois, Mo.), 1098 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (3 L) and co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (78.8 g, 1.24 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (1 L) and water (400 ml) and extracted with hexanes (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.4 L) and extracted with the mixture of toluene (9 L) and hexanes (6 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40, v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×2 L). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to a sticky foam. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2.5 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1350 g of an off-white foam solid (96%).

Preparation of [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁴-isobutyrylguanosin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE G Amidite)

[0178] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N⁴-isobutyrlguanosine (purchased from Reliable Biopharmaceutical, St. Louis, Mo., 1426 g, 2.0 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (200 ml) at 50° C., cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (900 g, 3.0 mol) and tetrazole (68 g, 0.97 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (2 L) and water (600 ml) and extracted with hexanes (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (10 L) and hexanes (5 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40, v/v, 3×3 L). EtOAc (4 L) was added and the solution was washed with water (3×4 L). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to approx. 4 kg. Hexane (4 L) was added, the mixture was shaken for 10 min, and the supernatant liquid was decanted. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1660 g of an off-white foamy solid (91%).

2′-O-(Aminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites and 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites 2′-(Dimethylaminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites

[0179] 2′-(Dimethylaminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites) are prepared as described in the following paragraphs. Adenosine, cytidine and guanosine Nucleoside Amidites are prepared similarly to the thymidine (5-methyluridine) except the exocyclic amines are protected with a benzoyl moiety in the case of adenosine and cytidine and with isobutyryl in the case of guanosine.

5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-O²-2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine

[0180] O²-2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (Pro. Bio. Sint., Varese, Italy, 100.0 g, 0.416 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (0.66 g, 0.013 eq, 0.0054 mmol) were dissolved in dry pyridine (500 ml) at ambient temperature under an argon atmosphere and with mechanical stirring. tert-Butyldiphenylchlorosilane (125.8 g, 119.0 mL, 1.1 eq, 0.458 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. TLC (R_(f) 0.22, EtOAc) indicated a complete reaction. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a thick oil. This was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (1 L) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×1 L) and brine (1 L). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a thick oil. The oil was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of EtOAc and ethyl ether (600 mL) and cooling the solution to −10° C. afforded a white crystalline solid which was collected by filtration, washed with ethyl ether (3×200 mL) and dried (40° C., 1 mm Hg, 24 h) to afford 149 g of white solid (74.8%). TLC and NMR spectroscopy were consistent with pure product.

5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyluridine

[0181] In the fume hood, ethylene glycol (350 mL, excess) was added cautiously with manual stirring to a 2 L stainless steel pressure reactor containing borane in tetrahydrofuran (1.0 M, 2.0 eq, 622 mL). (Caution: evolves hydrogen gas). 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-O²-2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (149 g, 0.311 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (0.074 g, 0.003 eq) were added with manual stirring. The reactor was sealed and heated in an oil bath until an internal temperature of 160° C. was reached and then maintained for 16 h (pressure<100 psig). The reaction vessel was cooled to ambient temperature and opened. TLC (EtOAc, R_(f) 0.67 for desired product and R_(f) 0.82 for ara-T side product) indicated about 70% conversion to the product. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (10 to 1 mm Hg) in a warm water bath (40-100° C.) with the more extreme conditions used to remove the ethylene glycol. (Alternatively, once the THF has evaporated the solution can be diluted with water and the product extracted into EtOAc). The residue was purified by column chromatography (2 kg silica gel, EtOAc-hexanes gradient 1:1 to 4:1). The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated and dried to afford 84 g of a white crisp foam (50%), contaminated starting material (17.4 g, 12% recovery) and pure reusable starting material (20 g, 13% recovery). TLC and NMR spectroscopy were consistent with 99% pure product.

2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine

[0182] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (20 g, 36.98 mmol) was mixed with triphenylphosphine (11.63 g, 44.36 mmol) and N-hydroxyphthalimide (7.24 g, 44.36 mmol) and dried over P₂O₅ under high vacuum for two days at 40° C. The reaction mixture was flushed with argon and dissolved in dry THF (369.8 mL, Aldrich, sure seal bottle). Diethyl-azodicarboxylate (6.98 mL, 44.36 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture with the rate of addition maintained such that the resulting deep red coloration is just discharged before adding the next drop. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hrs., after which time TLC (EtOAc:hexane, 60:40) indicated that the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated in vacuuo and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with 60:40 EtOAc:hexane), to yield 2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine as white foam (21.819 g, 86%) upon rotary evaporation.

5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy)ethyl]-5-methyluridine

[0183] 2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine (3.1 g, 4.5 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH₂Cl₂ (4.5 mL) and methylhydrazine (300 mL, 4.64 mmol) was added dropwise at −10° C. to 0° C. After 1 h the mixture was filtered, the filtrate washed with ice cold CH₂Cl₂, and the combined organic phase was washed with water and brine and dried (anhydrous Na₂SO₄). The solution was filtered and evaporated to afford 2′-O-(aminooxyethyl) thymidine, which was then dissolved in MeOH (67.5 mL). Formaldehyde (20% aqueous solution, w/w, 1.1 eq.) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography to yield 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy) ethyl]-5-methyluridine as white foam (1.95 g, 78%) upon rotary evaporation.

5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[N,N Dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine

[0184] 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy)ethyl]-5-methyluridine (1.77 g, 3.12 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of 1M pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) in dry MeOH (30.6 mL) and cooled to 10° C. under inert atmosphere. Sodium cyanoborohydride (0.39 g, 6.13 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred. After 10 minutes the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. while the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂). Aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (5%, 10 mL) was added and the product was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This entire procedure was repeated with the resulting residue, with the exception that formaldehyde (20% w/w, 30 mL, 3.37 mol) was added upon dissolution of the residue in the PPTS/MeOH solution. After the extraction and evaporation, the residue was purified by flash column chromatography and (eluted with 5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine as a white foam (14.6 g, 80%) upon rotary evaporation.

2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine

[0185] Triethylamine trihydrofluoride (3.91 mL, 24.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF and TEA (1.67 mL, 12 mmol, dry, stored over KOH) and added to 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine (1.40 g, 2.4 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs and monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂). The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (766 mg, 92.5%) upon rotary evaporation of the solvent.

5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine

[0186] 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (750 mg, 2.17 mmol) was dried over P₂O₅ under high vacuum overnight at 40° C., co-evaporated with anhydrous pyridine (20 mL), and dissolved in pyridine (11 mL) under argon atmosphere. 4-dimethylaminopyridine (26.5 mg, 2.60 mmol) and 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl chloride (880 mg, 2.60 mmol) were added to the pyridine solution and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until all of the starting material had reacted. Pyridine was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluted with 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ containing a few drops of pyridine) to yield 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(dimethylamino-oxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1.13 g, 80%) upon rotary evaporation.

5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite]

[0187] 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1.08 g, 1.67 mmol) was co-evaporated with toluene (20 mL), N,N-diisopropylamine tetrazonide (0.29 g, 1.67 mmol) was added and the mixture was dried over P₂O₅ under high vacuum overnight at 40° C. This was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (8.4 mL) and 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N¹,N¹-tetraisopropylphosphoramidite (2.12 mL, 6.08 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h under inert atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (hexane:EtOAc 1:1). The solvent was evaporated, then the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (70 mL) and washed with 5% aqueous NaHCO₃ (40 mL). The EtOAc layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue obtained was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc as eluent) to afford 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite] as a foam (1.04 g, 74.9%) upon rotary evaporation.

2′-(Aminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites

[0188] 2′-(Aminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-(aminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites) are prepared as described in the following paragraphs. Adenosine, cytidine and thymidine Nucleoside Amidites are prepared similarly.

N2-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite]

[0189] The 2′-O-aminooxyethyl guanosine analog may be obtained by selective 2′-O-alkylation of diaminopurine riboside. Multigram quantities of diaminopurine riboside may be purchased from Schering AG (Berlin) to provide 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl) diaminopurine riboside along with a minor amount of the 3′-O-isomer. 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl) diaminopurine riboside may be resolved and converted to 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)guanosine by treatment with adenosine deaminase. (McGee, D. P. C., Cook, P. D., Guinosso, C. J., WO 94/02501 A1 940203.) Standard protection procedures should afford 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine and 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine which may be reduced to provide 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine. As before the hydroxyl group may be displaced by N-hydroxyphthalimide via a Mitsunobu reaction, and the protected nucleoside may be phosphitylated as usual to yield 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-([2-phthalmidoxy]ethyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite].

2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (2′-DMAEOE) nucleoside Amidites

[0190] 2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy nucleoside Amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl, i.e., 2′-O—CH₂—O—CH₂—N(CH₂)₂, or 2′-DMAEOE nucleoside Amidites) are prepared as follows. Other nucleoside Amidites are prepared similarly.

2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl]-5-methyl uridine

[0191] 2[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol (Aldrich, 6.66 g, 50 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of borane in tetra hydrofuran (1 M, 10 mL, 10 mmol) with stirring in a 100 mL bomb. (Caution: Hydrogen gas evolves as the solid dissolves). O²—, 2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (1.2 g, 5 mmol), and sodium bicarbonate (2.5 mg) were added and the bomb was sealed, placed in an oil bath and heated to 155° C. for 26 h. then cooled to room temperature. The crude solution was concentrated, the residue was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with hexanes (200 mL). The product was extracted from the aqueous layer with EtOAc (3×200 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed once with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluted with 5:100:2 MeOH/CH₂Cl₂/TEA) as the eluent. The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to afford the product as a white solid.

5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethyl)]-5-methyl Uridine

[0192] To 0.5 g (1.3 mmol) of 2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylamino-ethoxy)ethyl)]-5-methyl uridine in anhydrous pyridine (8 mL), was added TEA (0.36 mL) and dimethoxytrityl chloride (DMT-Cl, 0.87 g, 2 eq.) and the reaction was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×200 mL). The combined CH₂Cl₂ layers were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution, followed by saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluted with 5:100:1 MeOH/CH₂Cl₂/TEA) to afford the product.

5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethyl)]-5-methyl uridine-3′-O-(cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite

[0193] Diisopropylaminotetrazolide (0.6 g) and 2-cyanoethoxy-N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidite (1.1 mL, 2 eq.) were added to a solution of 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl)]-5-methyl Uridine (2.17 g, 3 mmol) dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) under an atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and the solvent evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with EtOAc as the eluent to afford the title compound.

Example 2 Oligonucleotide Synthesis

[0194] Unsubstituted and substituted phosphodiester (P═O) oligonucleotides are synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems model 394) using standard phosphoramidite chemistry with oxidation by iodine.

[0195] Phosphorothioates (P═S) are synthesized similar to phosphodiester oligonucleotides with the following exceptions: thiation was effected by utilizing a 10% w/v solution of 3H-1,2-benzodithiole-3-one 1,1-dioxide in acetonitrile for the oxidation of the phosphite linkages. The thiation reaction step time was increased to 180 sec and preceded by the normal capping step. After cleavage from the CPG column and deblocking in concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 55° C. (12-16 hr), the oligonucleotides were recovered by precipitating with >3 volumes of ethanol from a 1 M NH₄oAc solution. Phosphinate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,270, herein incorporated by reference.

[0196] Alkyl phosphonate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,863, herein incorporated by reference.

[0197] 3′-Deoxy-3′-methylene phosphonate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,610,289 or 5,625,050, herein incorporated by reference.

[0198] Phosphoramidite oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,775 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,878, herein incorporated by reference.

[0199] Alkylphosphonothioate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in published PCT applications PCT/US94/00902 and PCT/US93/06976 (published as WO 94/17093 and WO 94/02499, respectively), herein incorporated by reference.

[0200] 3′-Deoxy-3′-amino phosphoramidate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,925, herein incorporated by reference.

[0201] Phosphotriester oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,243, herein incorporated by reference.

[0202] Borano phosphate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,130,302 and 5,177,198, both herein incorporated by reference.

Example 3 Oligonucleoside Synthesis

[0203] Methylenemethylimino linked oligonucleosides, also identified as MMI linked oligonucleosides, methylenedimethyl-hydrazo linked oligonucleosides, also identified as MDH linked oligonucleosides, and methylenecarbonylamino linked oligonucleosides, also identified as amide-3 linked oligonucleosides, and methyleneaminocarbonyl linked oligonucleosides, also identified as amide-4 linked oligonucleosides, as well as mixed backbone compounds having, for instance, alternating MMI and P═O or P═S linkages are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,378,825, 5,386,023, 5,489,677, 5,602,240 and 5,610,289, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

[0204] Formacetal and thioformacetal linked oligonucleosides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,264,562 and 5,264,564, herein incorporated by reference.

[0205] Ethylene oxide linked oligonucleosides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,618, herein incorporated by reference.

Example 4 PNA Synthesis

[0206] Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are prepared in accordance with any of the various procedures referred to in Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA): Synthesis, Properties and Potential Applications, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 1996, 4, 5-23. They may also be prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,539,082, 5,700,922, and 5,719,262, herein incorporated by reference.

Example 5 Synthesis of Chimeric Oligonucleotides

[0207] Chimeric oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides or mixed oligonucleotides/oligonucleosides of the invention can be of several different types. These include a first type wherein the “gap” segment of linked nucleosides is positioned between 5′ and 3′ “wing” segments of linked nucleosides and a second “open end” type wherein the “gap” segment is located at either the 3′ or the 5′ terminus of the oligomeric compound. Oligonucleotides of the first type are also known in the art as “gapmers” or gapped oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides of the second type are also known in the art as “hemimers” or “wingmers”.

[2′-O-Me]-[2′-deoxy]--[2′-O-Me] Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides

[0208] Chimeric oligonucleotides having 2′-O-alkyl phosphorothioate and 2′-deoxy phosphorothioate oligonucleotide segments are synthesized using an Applied Biosystems automated DNA synthesizer Model 394, as above. Oligonucleotides are synthesized using the automated synthesizer and 2′-deoxy-5′-dimethoxytrityl-3′-O-phosphoramidite for the DNA portion and 5′-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-methyl-3′-O-phosphoramidite for 5′ and 3′ wings. The standard synthesis cycle is modified by incorporating coupling steps with increased reaction times for the 5′-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-methyl-3′-O-phosphoramidite. The fully protected oligonucleotide is cleaved from the support and deprotected in concentrated ammonia (NH₄OH) for 12-16 hr at 55° C. The deprotected oligo is then recovered by an appropriate method (precipitation, column chromatography, volume reduced in vacuo and analyzed spetrophotometrically for yield and for purity by capillary electrophoresis and by mass spectrometry.

[2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)]--[2′-deoxy]--[2′-O-(Methoxyethyl)] Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides

[0209] [2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]--[2′-deoxy]--[-2′-O-(methoxyethyl)] chimeric phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were prepared as per the procedure above for the 2′-O-methyl chimeric oligonucleotide, with the substitution of 2′-O-(methoxyethyl) Amidites for the 2′-O-methyl Amidites.

[2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)Phosphodiester]--[2′-deoxy Phosphorothioate]--[2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl) Phosphodiester] Chimeric Oligonucleotides

[0210] [2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl phosphodiester]--[2′-deoxy phosphorothioate]--[2′-O-(methoxyethyl) phosphodiester] chimeric oligonucleotides are prepared as per the above procedure for the 2′-O-methyl chimeric oligonucleotide with the substitution of 2′-O-(methoxyethyl) Amidites for the 2′-O-methyl Amidites, oxidation with iodine to generate the phosphodiester internucleotide linkages within the wing portions of the chimeric structures and sulfurization utilizing 3,H-1,2 benzodithiole-3-one 1,1 dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) to generate the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages for the center gap.

[0211] Other chimeric oligonucleotides, chimeric oligonucleosides and mixed chimeric oligonucleotides/oligonucleosides are synthesized according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,623,065, herein incorporated by reference.

Example 6 Oligonucleotide Isolation

[0212] After cleavage from the controlled pore glass solid support and deblocking in concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 55° C. for 12-16 hours, the oligonucleotides or oligonucleosides are recovered by precipitation out of 1 M NH₄OAC with >3 volumes of ethanol. Synthesized oligonucleotides were analyzed by electrospray mass spectroscopy (molecular weight determination) and by capillary gel electrophoresis and judged to be at least 70% full length material. The relative amounts of phosphorothioate and phosphodiester linkages obtained in the synthesis was determined by the ratio of correct molecular weight relative to the −16 amu product (+/−32 +/−48). For some studies oligonucleotides were purified by HPLC, as described by Chiang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 18162-18171. Results obtained with HPLC-purified material were similar to those obtained with non-HPLC purified material.

Example 7 Oligonucleotide Synthesis—96 Well Plate Format

[0213] Oligonucleotides were synthesized via solid phase P(III) phosphoramidite chemistry on an automated synthesizer capable of assembling 96 sequences simultaneously in a 96-well format. Phosphodiester internucleotide linkages were afforded by oxidation with aqueous iodine. Phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages were generated by sulfurization utilizing 3,H-1,2 benzodithiole-3-one 1,1 dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) in anhydrous acetonitrile. Standard base-protected beta-cyanoethyl-diiso-propyl phosphorAmidites were purchased from commercial vendors (e.g. PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., or Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.). Non-standard nucleosides are synthesized as per standard or patented methods. They are utilized as base protected beta-cyanoethyldiisopropyl phosphorAmidites.

[0214] Oligonucleotides were cleaved from support and deprotected with concentrated NH₄OH at elevated temperature (55-60° C.) for 12-16 hours and the released product then dried in vacuo. The dried product was then re-suspended in sterile water to afford a master plate from which all analytical and test plate samples are then diluted utilizing robotic pipettors.

Example 8 Oligonucleotide Analysis—96-Well Plate Format

[0215] The concentration of oligonucleotide in each well was assessed by dilution of samples and UV absorption spectroscopy. The full-length integrity of the individual products was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in either the 96-well format (Beckman P/ACE™ MDQ) or, for individually prepared samples, on a commercial CE apparatus (e.g., Beckman P/ACE™ 5000, ABI 270). Base and backbone composition was confirmed by mass analysis of the compounds utilizing electrospray-mass spectroscopy. All assay test plates were diluted from the master plate using single and multi-channel robotic pipettors. Plates were judged to be acceptable if at least 85% of the compounds on the plate were at least 85% full length.

Example 9 Cell Culture and Oligonucleotide Treatment

[0216] The effect of antisense compounds on target nucleic acid expression can be tested in any of a variety of cell types provided that the target nucleic acid is present at measurable levels. This can be routinely determined using, for example, PCR or Northern blot analysis. The following cell types are provided for illustrative purposes, but other cell types can be routinely used, provided that the target is expressed in the cell type chosen. This can be readily determined by methods routine in the art, for example Northern blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assays, or RT-PCR.

T-24 Cells:

[0217] The human transitional cell bladder carcinoma cell line T-24 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.). T-24 cells were routinely cultured in complete McCoy's 5A basal media (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.), penicillin 100 units per mL, and streptomycin 100 micrograms per mL (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.). Cells were routinely passaged by trypsinization and dilution when they reached 90% confluence. Cells were seeded into 96-well plates (Falcon-Primaria #3872) at a density of 7000 cells/well for use in RT-PCR analysis.

[0218] For Northern blotting or other analysis, cells may be seeded onto 100 mm or other standard tissue culture plates and treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of medium and oligonucleotide.

A549 Cells

[0219] The human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.). A549 cells were routinely cultured in DMEM basal media (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.), penicillin 100 units per mL, and streptomycin 100 micrograms per mL (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.). Cells were routinely passaged by trypsinization and dilution when they reached 90% confluence.

NHDF Cells

[0220] Human neonatal dermal fibroblast (NHDF) were obtained from the Clonetics Corporation (Walkersville, Md.). NHDFs were routinely maintained in Fibroblast Growth Medium (Clonetics Corporation, Walkersville, Md.) supplemented as recommended by the supplier. Cells were maintained for up to 10 passages as recommended by the supplier.

HEK Cells

[0221] Human embryonic keratinocytes (HEK) were obtained from the Clonetics Corporation (Walkersville, Md.). HEKs were routinely maintained in Keratinocyte Growth Medium (Clonetics Corporation, Walkersville, Md.) formulated as recommended by the supplier. Cells were routinely maintained for up to 10 passages as recommended by the supplier.

b.END Cells

[0222] The mouse brain endothelial cell line b.END was obtained from Dr. Werner Risau at the Max Plank Instititute (Bad Nauheim, Germany). b.END cells were routinely cultured in DMEM, high glucose (Gibco/Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, Md.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco/Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, Md.). Cells were routinely passaged by trypsinization and dilution when they reached 90% confluence. Cells were seeded into 96-well plates (Falcon-Primaria #3872) at a density of 3000 cells/well for use in RT-PCR analysis.

[0223] For Northern blotting or other analyses, cells may be seeded onto 100 mm or other standard tissue culture plates and treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of medium and oligonucleotide.

Treatment with Antisense Compounds

[0224] When cells reached 70% confluency, they were treated with oligonucleotide. For cells grown in 96-well plates, wells were washed once with 100 μL OPTI-MEM™-1 reduced-serum medium (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) and then treated with 130 μL of OPTI-MEM™-1 containing 3.75 μg/mL LIPOFECTIN™ (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) and the desired concentration of oligonucleotide. After 4-7 hours of treatment, the medium was replaced with fresh medium. Cells were harvested 16-24 hours after oligonucleotide treatment.

[0225] The concentration of oligonucleotide used varies from cell line to cell line. To determine the optimal oligonucleotide concentration for a particular cell line, the cells are treated with a positive control oligonucleotide at a range of concentrations. For human cells the positive control oligonucleotide is selected from either ISIS 13920 (TCCGTCATCGCTCCTCAGGG, SEQ ID NO: 1) which is targeted to human H-ras, or ISIS 18078, (GTGCGCGCGAGCCCGAAATC, SEQ ID NO: 2) which is targeted to human Jun-N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2). Both controls are 2′-O-methoxyethyl gapmers (2′-O-methoxyethyls shown in bold) with a phosphorothioate backbone. For mouse or rat cells the positive control oligonucleotide is ISIS 15770, ATGCATTCTGCCCCCAAGGA, SEQ ID NO: 3, a 2′-O-methoxyethyl gapmer (2′-O-methoxyethyls shown in bold) with a phosphorothioate backbone which is targeted to both mouse and rat c-raf. The concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 80% inhibition of c-Ha-ras (for ISIS 13920) or c-raf (for ISIS-15770) mRNA is then utilized as the screening concentration for new oligonucleotides in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 80% inhibition is not achieved, the lowest concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 60% inhibition of H-ras or c-raf mRNA is then utilized as the oligonucleotide screening concentration in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 60% inhibition is not achieved, that particular cell line is deemed as unsuitable for oligonucleotide transfection experiments. The concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides used herein are from 50 nM to 300 nM.

Example 10 Analysis of Oligonucleotide Inhibition of TGF-beta 2 Expression

[0226] Antisense modulation of TGF-beta 2 expression can be assayed in a variety of ways known in the art. For example, TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels can be quantitated by, e.g., Northern blot analysis, competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Real-time quantitative PCR is presently preferred. RNA analysis can be performed on total cellular RNA or poly(A)+ mRNA. The preferred method of RNA analysis of the present invention is the use of total cellular RNA as described in other examples herein. Methods of RNA isolation are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 1, pp. 4.1.1-4.2.9 and 4.5.1-4.5.3, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993. Northern blot analysis is routine in the art and is taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 1, pp. 4.2.1-4.2.9, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996. Real-time quantitative (PCR) can be conveniently accomplished using the commercially available ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System, available from PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif. and used according to manufacturer's instructions.

[0227] Protein levels of TGF-beta 2 can be quantitated in a variety of ways well known in the art, such as immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis (immunoblotting), ELISA or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Antibodies directed to TGF-beta 2 can be identified and obtained from a variety of sources, such as the MSRS catalog of antibodies (Aerie Corporation, Birmingham, Mich.), or can be prepared via conventional antibody generation methods. Methods for preparation of polyclonal antisera are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 2, pp. 11.12.1-11.12.9, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997). Preparation of monoclonal antibodies is taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 2, pp. 11.4.1-11.11.5, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997).

[0228] Immunoprecipitation methods are standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 2, pp. 10.16.1-10.16.11, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis is standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 2, pp. 10.8.1-10.8.21, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 2, pp. 11.2.1-11.2.22, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991).

Example 11 Poly(A)+ mRNA Isolation

[0229] Poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated according to Miura et al., (Clin. Chem., 1996, 42, 1758-1764). Other methods for poly(A)+ mRNA isolation are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Volume 1, pp. 4.5.1-4.5.3, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993). Briefly, for cells grown on 96-well plates, growth medium was removed from the cells and each well was washed with 200 μL cold PBS. 60 μL lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 20 mM vanadyl-ribonucleoside complex) was added to each well, the plate was gently agitated and then incubated at room temperature for five minutes. 55 μL of lysate was transferred to Oligo d(T) coated 96-well plates (AGCT Inc., Irvine Calif.). Plates were incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature, washed 3 times with 200 μL of wash buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 0.3 M NaCl). After the final wash, the plate was blotted on paper towels to remove excess wash buffer and then air-dried for 5 minutes. 60 μL of elution buffer (5 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6), preheated to 70° C., was added to each well, the plate was incubated on a 90° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, and the eluate was then transferred to a fresh 96-well plate.

[0230] Cells grown on 100 mm or other standard plates may be treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of all solutions.

Example 12 Total RNA Isolation

[0231] Total RNA was isolated using an RNEASY 96™ kit and buffers purchased from Qiagen Inc. (Valencia, Calif.) following the manufacturer's recommended procedures. Briefly, for cells grown on 96-well plates, growth medium was removed from the cells and each well was washed with 200 μL cold PBS. 150 μL Buffer RLT was added to each well and the plate vigorously agitated for 20 seconds. 150 μL of 70% ethanol was then added to each well and the contents mixed by pipetting three times up and down. The samples were then transferred to the RNEASY 96™ well plate attached to a QIAVAC™ manifold fitted with a waste collection tray and attached to a vacuum source. Vacuum was applied for 1 minute. 500 μL of Buffer RW1 was added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and incubated for 15 minutes and the vacuum was again applied for 1 minute. An additional 500 μL of Buffer RW1 was added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and the vacuum was applied for 2 minutes. 1 mL of Buffer RPE was then added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and the vacuum applied for a period of 90 seconds. The Buffer RPE wash was then repeated and the vacuum was applied for an additional 3 minutes. The plate was then removed from the QIAVAC™ manifold and blotted dry on paper towels. The plate was then re-attached to the QIAVAC™ manifold fitted with a collection tube rack containing 1.2 mL collection tubes. RNA was then eluted by pipetting 170 μL water into each well, incubating 1 minute, and then applying the vacuum for 3 minutes.

[0232] The repetitive pipetting and elution steps may be automated using a QIAGEN Bio-Robot 9604 (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia Calif.). Essentially, after lysing of the cells on the culture plate, the plate is transferred to the robot deck where the pipetting, DNase treatment and elution steps are carried out.

Example 13 Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of TGF-beta 2 mRNA Levels

[0233] Quantitation of TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels was determined by real-time quantitative PCR using the ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System (PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) according to manufacturer's instructions. This is a closed-tube, non-gel-based, fluorescence detection system which allows high-throughput quantitation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in real-time. As opposed to standard PCR in which amplification products are quantitated after the PCR is completed, products in real-time quantitative PCR are quantitated as they accumulate. This is accomplished by including in the PCR reaction an oligonucleotide probe that anneals specifically between the forward and reverse PCR primers, and contains two fluorescent dyes. A reporter dye (e.g., FAM or JOE, obtained from either PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Operon Technologies Inc., Alameda, Calif. or Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, Iowa) is attached to the 5′ end of the probe and a quencher dye (e.g., TAMRA, obtained from either PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Operon Technologies Inc., Alameda, Calif. or Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, Iowa) is attached to the 3′ end of the probe. When the probe and dyes are intact, reporter dye emission is quenched by the proximity of the 3′ quencher dye. During amplification, annealing of the probe to the target sequence creates a substrate that can be cleaved by the 5′-exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase. During the extension phase of the PCR amplification cycle, cleavage of the probe by Taq polymerase releases the reporter dye from the remainder of the probe (and hence from the quencher moiety) and a sequence-specific fluorescent signal is generated. With each cycle, additional reporter dye molecules are cleaved from their respective probes, and the fluorescence intensity is monitored at regular intervals by laser optics built into the ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System. In each assay, a series of parallel reactions containing serial dilutions of mRNA from untreated control samples generates a standard curve that is used to quantitate the percent inhibition after antisense oligonucleotide treatment of test samples.

[0234] Prior to quantitative PCR analysis, primer-probe sets specific to the target gene being measured are evaluated for their ability to be “multiplexed” with a GAPDH amplification reaction. In multiplexing, both the target gene and the internal standard gene GAPDH are amplified concurrently in a single sample. In this analysis, mRNA isolated from untreated cells is serially diluted. Each dilution is amplified in the presence of primer-probe sets specific for GAPDH only, target gene only (“single-plexing”), or both (multiplexing). Following PCR amplification, standard curves of GAPDH and target mRNA signal as a function of dilution are generated from both the single-plexed and multiplexed samples. If both the slope and correlation coefficient of the GAPDH and target signals generated from the multiplexed samples fall within 10% of their corresponding values generated from the single-plexed samples, the primer-probe set specific for that target is deemed multiplexable. Other methods of PCR are also known in the art.

[0235] PCR reagents were obtained from Invitrogen Corporation, (Carlsbad, Calif.). RT-PCR reactions were carried out by adding 20 μL PCR cocktail (2.5×PCR buffer (—MgCl2), 6.6 mM MgCl2, 375 μM each of DATP, dCTP, dCTP and dGTP, 375 nM each of forward primer and reverse primer, 125 nM of probe, 4 Units RNAse inhibitor, 1.25 Units PLATINUM® Taq, 5 Units MuLV reverse transcriptase, and 2.5×ROX dye) to 96-well plates containing 30 μL total RNA solution. The RT reaction was carried out by incubation for 30 minutes at 48° C. Following a 10 minute incubation at 95° C. to activate the PLATINUM® Taq, 40 cycles of a two-step PCR protocol were carried out: 95° C. for 15 seconds (denaturation) followed by 60° C. for 1.5 minutes (annealing/extension).

[0236] Gene target quantities obtained by real time RT-PCR are normalized using either the expression level of GAPDH, a gene whose expression is constant, or by quantifying total RNA using RiboGreenTm (Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, Oreg.). GAPDH expression is quantified by real time RT-PCR, by being run simultaneously with the target, multiplexing, or separately. Total RNA is quantified using RiboGreenTm RNA quantification reagent from Molecular Probes. Methods of RNA quantification by RiboGreenTm are taught in Jones, L. J., et al, (Analytical Biochemistry, 1998, 265, 368-374).

[0237] In this assay, 170 μL of RiboGreenTm working reagent (RiboGreenTm reagent diluted 1:350 in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) is pipetted into a 96-well plate containing 30 μL purified, cellular RNA. The plate is read in a CytoFluor 4000 (PE Applied Biosystems) with excitation at 480 nm and emission at 520 nm.

[0238] Probes and primers to human TGF-beta 2 were designed to hybridize to a human TGF-beta 2 sequence, using published sequence information (GenBank accession number NM_(—)003238.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 4). For human TGF-beta 2 the PCR primers were:

[0239] forward primer: AGACCAACCGGCGGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 5)

[0240] reverse primer: AATTATCCTGCACATTTCTAAAGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 6) and

[0241] the PCR probe was: FAM-AGCGTGCTTTGGATGCGGCC-TAMRA

[0242] (SEQ ID NO: 7) where FAM is the fluorescent dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye. For human GAPDH the PCR primers were:

[0243] forward primer: GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC(SEQ ID NO:8)

[0244] reverse primer: GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC (SEQ ID NO:9) and the

[0245] PCR probe was: 5′ JOE-CAAGCTTCCCGTTCTCAGCC-TAMRA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 10) where JOE is the fluorescent reporter dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye.

[0246] Probes and primers to mouse TGF-beta 2 were designed to hybridize to a mouse TGF-beta 2 sequence, using published sequence information (GenBank accession number X57413.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO:11). For mouse TGF-beta 2 the PCR primers were:

[0247] forward primer: CACCCAGCGCTACATCGATA (SEQ ID NO:12)

[0248] reverse primer: GCGTCTGTCACGTCGAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 13) and the

[0249] PCR probe was: FAM-AAACCAGAGCGGAGGGTGAATGGCT-TAMRA

[0250] (SEQ ID NO: 14) where FAM is the fluorescent reporter dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye. For mouse GAPDH the PCR primers were:

[0251] forward primer: GGCAAATTCAACGGCACAGT (SEQ ID NO:15)

[0252] reverse primer: GGGTCTCGCTCCTGGAAGAT (SEQ ID NO:16) and the

[0253] PCR probe was: 5′ JOE-AAGGCCGAGAATGGGAAGCTTGTCATC-TAMRA 3′

[0254] (SEQ ID NO: 17) where JOE is the fluorescent reporter dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye.

Example 14 Northern Blot Analysis of TGF-beta 2 mRNA Levels

[0255] Eighteen hours after antisense treatment, cell monolayers were washed twice with cold PBS and lysed in 1 mL RNAZOL™ (TEL-TEST “B” Inc., Friendswood, Tex.). Total RNA was prepared following manufacturer's recommended protocols. Twenty micrograms of total RNA was fractionated by electrophoresis through 1.2% agarose gels containing 1.1% formaldehyde using a MOPS buffer system (AMRESCO, Inc. Solon, Ohio). RNA was transferred from the gel to HYBOND™-N+ nylon membranes (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.) by overnight capillary transfer using a Northern/Southern Transfer buffer system (TEL-TEST “B” Inc., Friendswood, Tex.). RNA transfer was confirmed by UV visualization. Membranes were fixed by UV cross-linking using a STRATALINKER™ UV Crosslinker 2400 (Stratagene, Inc, La Jolla, Calif.) and then probed using QUICKHYB™ hybridization solution (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) using manufacturer's recommendations for stringent conditions.

[0256] To detect human TGF-beta 2, a human TGF-beta 2 specific probe was prepared by PCR using the forward primer AGACCAACCGGCGGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 5) and the reverse primer AATTATCCTGCACATTTCTAAAGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 6). To normalize for variations in loading and transfer efficiency membranes were stripped and probed for human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) RNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.).

[0257] To detect mouse TGF-beta 2, a mouse TGF-beta 2 specific probe was prepared by PCR using the forward primer CACCCAGCGCTACATCGATA (SEQ ID NO: 12) and the reverse primer GCGTCTGTCACGTCGAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 13). To normalize for variations in loading and transfer efficiency membranes were stripped and probed for mouse glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) RNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.).

[0258] Hybridized membranes were visualized and quantitated using a PHOSPHORIMAGER™ and IMAGEQUANT™ Software V3.3 (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Data was normalized to GAPDH levels in untreated controls.

Example 15 Antisense Inhibition of Human TGF-beta 2 Expression by Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Having 2′-MOE Wings and a Deoxy Gap

[0259] In accordance with the present invention, a series of oligonucleotides were designed to target different regions of the human TGF-beta 2 RNA, using published sequences (GenBank accession number NM_(—)003238.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 4, GenBank accession number M19154.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 18, GenBank accession number W47595.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 19, and residues 336770-435455 of GenBank accession number NT_(—)004498.5, the complement of which is incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 20). The oligonucleotides are shown in Table 1. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number on the particular target sequence to which the oligonucleotide binds. All compounds in Table 1 are chimeric oligonucleotides (“gapmers”) 20 nucleotides in length, composed of a central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which is flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by five-nucleotide “wings”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The compounds were analyzed for their effect on human TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR as described in other examples herein. Data are averages from two experiments in which T-24 cells were treated with the antisense oligonucleotides of the present invention. The positive control for each datapoint is identified in the table by sequence ID number. If present, “N.D.” indicates “no data”. TABLE 1 Inhibition of human TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels by chimeric phosphorothioate oligonucleotides having 2′-MOE wings and a deoxy gap TARGET CONTROL SEQ ID TARGET % SEQ SEQ ID ISIS # REGION NO SITE SEQUENCE INHIB ID NO NO 158407 Coding 4 929 gtgccatcaatacctgcaaa 71 21 2 158409 Coding 4 778 catcagttacatcgaaggag 62 22 2 158411 Coding 4 1313 tcttgggacacgcagcaagg 68 23 2 158413 Coding 4 1140 gaaatcaatgtaaagtggac 41 24 2 158415 Coding 4 261 catgaactggtccatatcga 78 25 2 158417 Coding 4 1324 gaggttctaaatcttgggac 66 26 2 158418 Coding 4 646 gcactctggcttttgggttc 78 27 2 158421 Coding 4 666 tagctcaatccgttgttcag 23 28 2 158423 Coding 4 1155 ccctagatccctcttgaaat 57 29 2 158425 3′ UTR 4 1511 accaaggctctcttatgttt 74 30 2 158427 Coding 4 245 tcgagtgtgctgcaggtaga 74 31 2 158429 Coding 4 785 tgaacagcatcagttacatc 36 32 2 158431 Coding 4 709 gctgggttggagatgttaaa 46 33 2 158433 Coding 4 1325 agaggttctaaatcttggga 33 34 2 158435 Coding 4 1058 cgccggttggtctgttgtga 95 35 2 158437 Coding 4 604 ctgctttcaccaaattggaa 65 36 2 158439 5′ UTR 4 92 aagtatagatcaaggagagt 58 37 2 158441 Coding 4 301 tgctcaggatctgcccgcgg 76 38 2 158442 Coding 4 383 gtgctgttgtagatggaaat 45 39 2 158444 Coding 4 493 agggcggcatgtctattttg 64 40 2 158446 Coding 4 834 taagcttattttaaatccca 59 41 2 158449 Stop 4 1406 tagctgcatttgcaagactt 47 42 2 Codon 158450 Coding 4 1048 tctgttgtgactcaagtctg 70 43 2 158452 Coding 4 1091 aagcaataggccgcatccaa 83 44 2 158454 Coding 4 1136 tcaatgtaaagtggacgtag 65 45 2 158457 Stop 4 1410 attttagctgcatttgcaag 33 46 2 Codon 158459 Coding 4 376 tgtagatggaaatcacctcc 70 47 2 158461 3′ UTR 4 1524 ttaacactgatgaaccaagg 65 48 2 158463 Coding 4 1188 attgtaccctttgggttcgt 62 49 2 158465 Coding 4 1151 agatccctcttgaaatcaat 56 50 2 158466 Coding 4 1132 tgtaaagtggacgtaggcag 62 51 2 158469 Coding 4 756 ccattcgccttctgctcttg 69 52 2 158471 Coding 4 696 tgttaaatctttggacttga 67 53 2 158473 Coding 4 495 gaagggcggcatgtctattt 56 54 2 158475 Coding 4 1251 gaccctgctgtgctgagtgt 57 55 2 158477 3′ UTR 4 1552 gaactagtaccgccttttca 90 56 2 158479 Coding 4 274 cgatcctcttgcgcatgaac 73 57 2 204861 5′ UTR 18 45 ccggccaaaagggaagagat 76 58 2 204862 5′ UTR 18 147 aaagagacgagtggctatta 91 59 2 204863 5′ UTR 18 238 aagtggaaatattaatacgg 60 60 2 204864 5′ UTR 18 373 agatcaaggagagttgtttg 57 61 2 204865 5′ UTR 18 426 agttgtttttaaaagtcaga 45 62 2 204866 Coding 18 814 tgtaacaactgggcagacag 66 63 2 204867 Coding 18 819 ggtgttgtaacaactgggca 66 64 2 204868 Coding 18 873 tacccacagagcacctggga 66 65 2 204869 Coding 18 888 gggatggcatcaaggtaccc 39 66 2 204870 3′ UTR 18 1835 tcgtcatcatcattatcatc 59 67 2 204871 3′ UTR 18 2214 aagggtgcctattgcatagc 73 68 2 204872 3′ UTR 18 2244 ctcactgttaactctaagag 70 69 2 204873 3′ UTR 18 2331 gcaaagtatttggtctccac 69 70 2 204874 3′ UTR 18 2361 caagttccttaagccatcca 50 71 2 204875 3′ UTR 18 2453 ttatcttaatgcagactttc 61 72 2 204876 3′ UTR 18 2506 cttacaagaagcttccttag 66 73 2 204877 Coding 4 318 actggtgagcttcagcttgc 77 74 2 204878 Coding 4 682 acttgagaatctgatatagc 30 75 2 204879 Coding 4 815 aggttcctgtctttatggtg 24 76 2 204880 Coding 4 1170 gtgtatccatttccacccta 73 77 2 204881 Coding 4 1204 cagcacagaagttggcattg 62 78 2 204882 Coding 4 1299 gcaaggagaagcagatgctt 71 79 2 204883 Coding 4 1300 agcaaggagaagcagatgct 33 80 2 204884 Stop 4 1420 ttttccaagaattttagctg 62 81 2 Codon 204885 3′ UTR 4 1492 ttcttgttacaagcatcatc 68 82 2 204886 exon 19 8 ttaaagaaggagcggttcgg 39 83 2 204887 exon 19 28 ctgggctgaaatttatatat 47 84 2 204888 intron: 20 18603 gggcagacagctaggagttt 71 85 2 exon junction 204889 exon: 20 18687 gtgtactcaccaaggtaccc 71 86 2 intron junction 204890 intron 20 33913 cccagcactttgggaggccg 90 87 2 204891 intron 20 34750 ggctcacgcctgtaatccca 80 88 2 204892 intron 20 81110 tgaccgtgaactcactattt 54 89 2 204893 intron 20 82554 atagtggtgatggctataca 58 90 2 204894 exon: 20 89803 ttttggttacctgcaaatct 29 91 2 intron junction 204895 exon: 20 92851 gaacactcaccctgctgtgc 3 92 2 intron junction

[0260] As shown in Table 1, SEQ ID NOs 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88 and 90 demonstrated at least 56% inhibition of human TGF-beta 2 expression in this assay and are therefore preferred. The target sites to which these preferred sequences are complementary are herein referred to as “preferred target regions” and are therefore preferred sites for targeting by compounds of the present invention. These preferred target regions are shown in Table 3. The sequences represent the reverse complement of the preferred antisense compounds shown in Table 1. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number of the corresponding target nucleic acid. Also shown in Table 3 is the species in which each of the preferred target regions was found.

Example 16 Antisense Inhibition of Mouse TGF-beta 2 Expression by Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Having 2′-MOE Wings and a Deoxy Gap

[0261] In accordance with the present invention, a second series of oligonucleotides were designed to target different regions of the mouse TGF-beta 2 RNA, using published sequences (GenBank accession number X57413.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 11, and GenBank accession number AI425634.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 93). The oligonucleotides are shown in Table 2. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number on the particular target sequence to which the oligonucleotide binds. All compounds in Table 2 are chimeric oligonucleotides (“gapmers”) 20 nucleotides in length, composed of a central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which is flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by five-nucleotide “wings”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE)nucleotides. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The compounds were analyzed for their effect on mouse TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR as described in other examples herein. Data are averages from two experiments in which b.END cells were treated with the antisense oligonucleotides of the present invention. The positive control for each datapoint is identified in the table by sequence ID number. If present, “N.D.” indicates “no data”. TABLE 2 Inhibition of mouse TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels by chimeric phosphorothioate oligonucleotides having 2′-MOE wings and a deoxy gap TARGET CONTROL SEQ ID TARGET % SEQ SEQ ID ISIS # REGION NO SITE SEQUENCE INHIB ID NO NO 155560 5′ UTR 11 133 gaatggctctttaaacccta 32 94 1 155561 5′ UTR 11 860 gaagaaatggagttcagtgt 64 95 1 155562 5′ UTR 11 914 tttctcctggaagggagagg 74 96 1 155563 5′ UTR 11 1015 aaatgcaacgcgttcccaac 75 97 1 155564 5′ UTR 11 1094 aatacgaaacttttgcaaag 51 98 1 155565 5′ UTR 11 1133 actagtaattctcagagcgg 64 99 1 155566 5′ UTR 11 1138 aagaaactagtaattctcag 73 100 1 155567 Start Codon 11 1205 agtgcatgtttttaaaagga 52 101 1 155568 Start Codon 11 1209 cagtagtgcatgtttttaaa 77 102 1 155569 Start Codon 11 1218 ctcagcacacagtagtgcat 76 103 1 155570 Coding 11 1239 agatgcaggagcaaaaaggt 38 104 1 155571 Coding 11 1269 caggtagacagactgagcgc 78 105 1 155572 Coding 11 1314 gcctcgatcctcttgcgcat 70 106 1 155573 Coding 11 1321 gcggatggcctcgatcctct 83 107 1 155574 Coding 11 1335 ctcaggatctgcccgcggat 72 108 1 155575 Coding 11 1376 gctccggatagtcttccggg 60 109 1 155576 Coding 11 1409 agatggaaatcacctccggg 76 110 1 155577 Coding 11 1414 gttgtagatggaaatcacct 78 111 1 155578 Coding 11 1422 ctggtactgttgtagatgga 73 112 1 155579 Coding 11 1463 aggcggctgccctccggctt 76 113 1 155580 Coding 11 1507 aacctccttggcgtagtact 57 114 1 155581 Coding 11 1515 attttataaacctccttggc 65 115 1 155582 Coding 11 1525 cggcatgtcgattttataaa 84 116 1 155583 Coding 11 1555 cgggatggcattttcggagg 72 117 1 155584 Coding 11 1576 gtagggtctgtagaaagtgg 67 118 1 155585 Coding 11 1580 tgaagtagggtctgtagaaa 57 119 1 155586 Coding 11 1584 attctgaagtagggtctgta 80 120 1 155587 Coding 11 1593 aagcggacgattctgaagta 69 121 1 155588 Coding 11 1854 cccaggttcctgtctttgtg 58 122 1 155589 Coding 11 1877 ggcagtgtaaacttatttta 74 123 1 155590 Coding 11 1962 ccatcaatacctgcaaatct 0 124 1 155591 Coding 11 1967 aggtgccatcaatacctgca 82 125 1 155592 Coding 11 1996 agttttctgatcaccactgg 69 126 1 155593 Coding 11 2000 ttatagttttctgatcacca 76 127 1 155594 Coding 11 2011 cctagtggactttatagttt 0 128 1 155595 Coding 11 2051 acattagcaggagatgtggg 33 129 1 155596 Coding 11 2060 agggcaacaacattagcagg 72 130 1 115597 Coding 11 2075 actccagtctgtaggagggc 78 131 1 155598 Coding 11 2142 tcctgcacatttctaaagca 74 132 1 155599 Coding 11 2151 cagcaattatcctgcacatt 0 133 1 155600 Coding 11 2169 atgtaaagagggcgaaggca 59 134 1 155601 Coding 11 2181 ctcttaaaatcaatgtaaag 0 135 1 155602 Coding 11 2190 ccaagatccctcttaaaatc 62 136 1 155603 Coding 11 2217 cctttgggttcatggatcca 81 137 1 155604 Coding 11 2226 gcattgtaccctttgggttc 79 138 1 155605 Coding 11 2238 gcacagaagttagcattgta 70 139 1 155606 Coding 11 2292 ctgaggactttggtgtgttg 40 140 1 155607 Coding 11 2349 tcctgggacacacagcaagg 72 141 1 155608 Stop Codon 11 2444 tttagctgcatttacaagac 65 142 1 155609 Stop Codon 11 2451 caaggactttagctgcattt 68 143 1 155610 3′ UTR 11 2487 gtcattgtcaccgtgatttt 78 144 1 155611 3′ UTR 11 2635 ccagttttaacaaacagaac 75 145 1 155612 3′ UTR 11 2640 agatgccagttttaacaaac 80 146 1 155613 3′ UTR 11 2970 gttcattatatagtaacaca 71 147 1 155614 3′ UTR 11 2977 atgaaaggttcattatatag 17 148 1 155615 3′ UTR 11 2988 ttccaagggtaatgaaaggt 77 149 1 155616 3′ UTR 11 3049 cttaagccatccatgagttt 57 150 1 155617 3′ UTR 11 3073 cctggcttatttgagttcaa 0 151 1 155618 3′ UTR 11 3122 ttagtcctataacaactcac 7 152 1 155619 3′ UTR 11 3279 gcaaagaaccatttacaatt 74 153 1 155620 3′ UTR 11 3292 cttgcttaaactggcaaaga 71 154 1 155621 3′ UTR 11 3505 acatgtaaagtagttactgt 66 155 1 155622 3′ UTR 11 3512 acacattacatgtaaagtag 61 156 1 155623 3′ UTR 11 3520 taagatctacacattacatg 75 157 1 155624 3′ UTR 11 3642 attcaaaggtactggccagc 66 158 1 155625 3′ UTR 11 3673 tttgtagtgcaagtcaaaat 8 159 1 155626 3′ UTR 11 3737 catgtcattaaatggacaat 53 160 1 155627 3′ UTR 11 3935 cctacatttgtgcgaacttc 52 161 1 155628 3′ UTR 11 4138 ttccccctttgaaaaactca 52 162 1 155629 3′ UTR 11 4245 tttttaatcagcctgcaaag 67 163 1 155630 Coding 93 200 actgggcagacagtttcgga 30 164 1 155631 Coding 93 205 taacaactgggcagacagtt 60 165 1 155632 Coding 93 210 tgttgtaacaactgggcaga 63 166 1 155633 Coding 93 262 cacagagcacctgggactgt 80 167 1 155634 Coding 93 267 gtacccacagagcacctggg 65 168 1 155635 Coding 93 272 tcaaggtacccacagagcac 80 169 1 155636 Coding 93 277 tggcatcaaggtacccacag 62 170 1 155637 Coding 93 284 ggcgggatggcatcaaggta 59 171 1

[0262] As shown in Table 2, SEQ ID NOs 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170 and 171 demonstrated at least 56% inhibition of mouse TGF-beta 2 expression in this experiment and are therefore preferred. The target sites to which these preferred sequences are complementary are herein referred to as “preferred target regions” and are therefore preferred sites for targeting by compounds of the present invention. These preferred target regions are shown in Table 3. The sequences represent the reverse complement of the preferred antisense compounds shown in Table 1. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number of the corresponding target nucleic acid. Also shown in Table 3 is the species in which each of the preferred target regions was found. TABLE 3 Sequence and position of preferred target regions identified in TGF-beta 2. TARGET REV COMP SITE SEQ ID TARGET OF SEQ ACTIVE SEQ ID ID NO SITE SEQUENCE ID IN NO 73848 4 929 tttgcaggtattgatggcac 21 H. sapiens 172 73849 4 778 ctccttcgatgtaactgatg 22 H. sapiens 173 73850 4 1313 ccttgctgcgtgtcccaaga 23 H. sapiens 174 73852 4 261 tcgatatggaccagttcatg 25 H. sapiens 175 73853 4 1324 gtcccaagatttagaacctc 26 H. sapiens 176 73854 4 646 gaacccaaaagccagagtgc 27 H. sapiens 177 73856 4 1155 atttcaagagggatctaggg 29 H. sapiens 178 73857 4 1511 aaacataagagagccttggt 30 H. sapiens 179 73858 4 245 tctacctgcagcacactcga 31 H. sapiens 180 73862 4 1058 tcacaacagaccaaccggcg 35 H. sapiens 181 73863 4 604 ttccaatttggtgaaagcag 36 H. sapiens 182 73864 4 92 actctccttgatctatactt 37 H. sapiens 183 73865 4 301 ccgcgggcagatcctgagca 38 H. sapiens 184 73867 4 493 caaaatagacatgccgccct 40 H. sapiens 185 73868 4 834 tgggatttaaaataagctta 41 H. sapiens 186 73870 4 1048 cagacttgagtcacaacaga 43 H. sapiens 187 73871 4 1091 ttggatgcggcctattgctt 44 H. sapiens 188 73872 4 1136 ctacgtccactttacattga 45 H. sapiens 189 73874 4 376 ggaggtgatttccatctaca 47 H. sapiens 190 73875 4 1524 ccttggttcatcagtgttaa 48 H. sapiens 191 73876 4 1188 acgaacccaaagggtacaat 49 H. sapiens 192 73877 4 1151 attgatttcaagagggatct 50 H. sapiens 193 73878 4 1132 ctgcctacgtccactttaca 51 H. sapiens 194 73879 4 756 caagagcagaaggcgaatgg 52 H. sapiens 195 73880 4 696 tcaagtccaaagatttaaca 53 H. sapiens 196 73881 4 495 aaatagacatgccgcccttc 54 H. sapiens 197 73882 4 1251 acactcagcacagcagggtc 55 H. sapiens 198 73883 4 1552 tgaaaaggcggtactagttc 56 H. sapiens 199 73884 4 274 gttcatgcgcaagaggaticg 57 H. sapiens 200 122555 18 45 atctcttcccttttggccgg 58 H. sapiens 201 122556 18 147 taatagccactcgtctcttt 59 H. sapiens 202 122557 18 238 ccgtattaatatttccactt 60 H. sapiens 203 122558 18 373 caaacaactctccttgatct 61 H. sapiens 204 122560 18 814 ctgtctgcccagttgttaca 63 H. sapiens 205 122561 18 819 tgcccagttgttacaacacc 64 H. sapiens 206 122562 18 873 tcccaggtgctctgtgggta 65 H. sapiens 207 122564 18 1835 gatgataatgatgatgacga 67 H. sapiens 208 122565 18 2214 gctatgcaataggcaccctt 68 H. sapiens 209 122566 18 2244 ctcttagagttaacagtgag 69 H. sapiens 210 122567 18 2331 gtggagaccaaatactttgc 70 H. sapiens 211 122569 18 2453 gaaagtctgcattaagataa 72 H. sapiens 212 122570 18 2506 ctaaggaagcttcttgtaag 73 H. sapiens 213 122571 4 318 gcaagctgaagctcaccagt 74 H. sapiens 214 122574 4 1170 tagggtggaaatggatacac 77 H. sapiens 215 122575 4 1204 caatgccaacttctgtgctg 78 H. sapiens 216 122576 4 1299 aagcatctgcttctccttgc 79 H. sapiens 217 122578 4 1420 cagctaaaattcttggaaaa 81 H. sapiens 218 122579 4 1492 gatgatgcttgtaacaagaa 82 H. sapiens 219 122582 20 18603 aaactcctagctgtctgccc 85 H. sapiens 220 122583 20 18687 gggtaccttggtgagtacac 86 H. sapiens 221 122584 20 33913 cggcctcccaaagtgctggg 87 H. sapiens 222 122585 20 34750 tgggattacaggcgtgagcc 88 H. sapiens 223 122587 20 82554 tgtatagccatcaccactat 90 H. sapiens 224 71070 11 860 acactgaactccatttcttc 95 M. musculus 225 71071 11 914 cctctcccttccaggagaaa 96 M. musculus 226 71072 11 1015 gttgggaacgcgttgcattt 97 M. musculus 227 71074 11 1133 ccgctctgagaattactagt 99 M. musculus 228 71075 11 1138 ctgagaattactagtttctt 100 M. musculus 229 71077 11 1209 tttaaaaacatgcactactg 102 M. musculus 230 71078 11 1218 atgcactactgtgtgctgag 103 M. musculus 231 71080 11 1269 gcgctcagtctgtctacctg 105 M. musculus 232 71081 11 1314 atgcgcaagaggatcgaggc 106 M. musculus 233 71082 11 1321 agaggatcgaggccatccgc 107 M. musculus 234 71083 11 1335 atccgcgggcagatcctgag 108 M. musculus 235 71084 11 1376 cccggaagactatccggagc 109 M. musculus 236 71085 11 1409 cccggaggtgatttccatct 110 M. musculus 237 71086 11 1414 aggtgatttccatctacaac 111 M. musculus 238 71087 11 1422 tccatctacaacagtaccag 112 M. musculus 239 71088 11 1463 aagccggagggcagccgcct 113 M. musculus 240 71089 11 1507 agtactacgccaaggaggtt 114 M. musculus 241 71090 11 1515 gccaaggaggtttataaaat 115 M. musculus 242 71091 11 1525 tttataaaatcgacatgccg 116 M. musculus 243 71092 11 1555 cctccgaaaatgccatcccg 117 M. musculus 244 71093 11 1576 ccactttctacagaccctac 118 M. musculus 245 71094 11 1580 tttctacagaccctacttca 119 M. musculus 246 71095 11 1584 tacagaccctacttcagaat 120 M. musculus 247 71096 11 1593 tacttcagaatcgtccgctt 121 M. musculus 248 71097 11 1854 cacaaagacaggaacctggg 122 M. musculus 249 71098 11 1877 taaaataagtttacactgcc 123 M. musculus 250 71100 11 1967 tgcaggtattgatggcacct 125 M. musculus 251 71101 11 1996 ccagtggtgatcagaaaact 126 M. musculus 252 71102 11 2000 tggtgatcagaaaactataa 127 M. musculus 253 71105 11 2060 cctgctaatgttgttgccct 130 M. musculus 254 71106 11 2075 gccctcctacagactggagt 131 M. musculus 255 71107 11 2142 tgctttagaaatgtgcagga 132 M. musculus 256 71109 11 2169 tgccttcgccctctttacat 134 M. musculus 257 71111 11 2190 gattttaagagggatcttgg 136 M. musculus 258 71112 11 2217 tggatccatgaacccaaagg 137 M. musculus 259 71113 11 2226 gaacccaaagggtacaatgc 138 M. musculus 260 71114 11 2238 tacaatgctaacttctgtgc 139 M. musculus 261 71116 11 2349 ccttgctgtgtgtcccagga 141 M. musculus 262 71117 11 2444 gtcttgtaaaffgcagctaaa 142 M. musculus 263 71118 11 2451 aaatgcagctaaagtccttg 143 M. musculus 264 71119 11 2487 aaaatcacggtgacaatgac 144 M. musculus 265 71120 11 2635 gttctgtttgttaaaactgg 145 M. musculus 266 71121 11 2640 gtttgttaaaactggcatct 146 M. musculus 267 71122 11 2970 tgtgttactatataatgaac 147 M. musculus 268 71124 11 2988 acctttcattacccttggaa 149 M. musculus 269 71125 11 3049 aaactcatggatggcttaaq 150 M. musculus 270 71128 11 3279 aattgtaaatggttctttgc 153 M. musculus 271 71129 11 3292 tctttgccagtttaagcaag 154 M. musculus 272 71130 11 3505 acagtaactactttacatgt 155 M. musculus 273 71131 11 3512 ctactttacatgtaatgtgt 156 M. musculus 274 71132 11 3520 catgtaatgtgtagatctta 157 M. musculus 275 71133 11 3642 gctggccagtacctttgaat 158 M. musculus 276 71138 11 4245 ctttgcaggctgattaaaaa 163 M. musculus 277 71140 93 205 aactgtctgcccagttgtta 165 M. musculus 278 71141 93 210 tctgcccagttgttacaaca 166 M. musculus 279 71142 93 262 acagtcccaggtgctctigtg 167 M. musculus 280 71143 93 267 cccaggtgctctgtgggtac 168 M. musculus 281 71144 93 272 gtgctctgtgggtaccttga 169 M. musculus 282 71145 93 277 ctgtgggtaccttgatgcca 170 M. musculus 283 71146 93 284 taccttgatgccatcccgcc 171 M. musculus 284

[0263] As these “preferred target regions” have been found by experimentation to be open to, and accessible for, hybridization with the antisense compounds of the present invention, one of skill in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, further embodiments of the invention that encompass other compounds that specifically hybridize to these sites and consequently inhibit the expression of TGF-beta 2.

[0264] In one embodiment, the “preferred target region” may be employed in screening candidate antisense compounds. “Candidate antisense compounds” are those that inhibit the expression of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2 and which comprise at least an 8-nucleobase portion which is complementary to a preferred target region. The method comprises the steps of contacting a preferred target region of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2 with one or more candidate antisense compounds, and selecting for one or more candidate antisense compounds which inhibit the expression of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2. Once it is shown that the candidate antisense compound or compounds are capable of inhibiting the expression of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2, the candidate antisense compound may be employed as an antisense compound in accordance with the present invention.

[0265] According to the present invention, antisense compounds include ribozymes, external guide sequence (EGS) oligonucleotides (oligozymes), and other short catalytic RNAs or catalytic oligonucleotides which hybridize to the target nucleic acid and modulate its expression.

Example 17 Western Blot Analysis of TGF-beta 2 Protein Levels

[0266] Western blot analysis (immunoblot analysis) is carried out using standard methods. Cells are harvested 16-20 h after oligonucleotide treatment, washed once with PBS, suspended in Laemmli buffer (100 ul/well), boiled for 5 minutes and loaded on a 16% SDS-PAGE gel. Gels are run for 1.5 hours at 150 V, and transferred to membrane for western blotting. Appropriate primary antibody directed to TGF-beta 2 is used, with a radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody species. Bands are visualized using a PHOSPHORIMAGER™ (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale Calif.).

1 284 1 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 1 tccgtcatcg ctcctcaggg 20 2 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 2 gtgcgcgcga gcccgaaatc 20 3 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 3 atgcattctg cccccaagga 20 4 1695 DNA H. sapiens CDS (182)...(1426) 4 caagcaggat acgtttttct gttgggcatt gactagattg tttgcaaaag tttcgcatca 60 aaaacaaaca acaacaacaa aaaaccaaac aactctcctt gatctatact ttgagaattg 120 ttgatttctt tttttttatt ctgactttta aaaacaactt ttttttccac ttttttaaaa 180 a atg cac tac tgt gtg ctg agc gct ttt ctg atc ctg cat ctg gtc acg 229 Met His Tyr Cys Val Leu Ser Ala Phe Leu Ile Leu His Leu Val Thr 1 5 10 15 gtc gcg ctc agc ctg tct acc tgc agc aca ctc gat atg gac cag ttc 277 Val Ala Leu Ser Leu Ser Thr Cys Ser Thr Leu Asp Met Asp Gln Phe 20 25 30 atg cgc aag agg atc gag gcg atc cgc ggg cag atc ctg agc aag ctg 325 Met Arg Lys Arg Ile Glu Ala Ile Arg Gly Gln Ile Leu Ser Lys Leu 35 40 45 aag ctc acc agt ccc cca gaa gac tat cct gag ccc gag gaa gtc ccc 373 Lys Leu Thr Ser Pro Pro Glu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Pro Glu Glu Val Pro 50 55 60 ccg gag gtg att tcc atc tac aac agc acc agg gac ttg ctc cag gag 421 Pro Glu Val Ile Ser Ile Tyr Asn Ser Thr Arg Asp Leu Leu Gln Glu 65 70 75 80 aag gcg agc cgg agg gcg gcc gcc tgc gag cgc gag agg agc gac gaa 469 Lys Ala Ser Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ser Asp Glu 85 90 95 gag tac tac gcc aag gag gtt tac aaa ata gac atg ccg ccc ttc ttc 517 Glu Tyr Tyr Ala Lys Glu Val Tyr Lys Ile Asp Met Pro Pro Phe Phe 100 105 110 ccc tcc gaa aat gcc atc ccg ccc act ttc tac aga ccc tac ttc aga 565 Pro Ser Glu Asn Ala Ile Pro Pro Thr Phe Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Phe Arg 115 120 125 att gtt cga ttt gac gtc tca gca atg gag aag aat gct tcc aat ttg 613 Ile Val Arg Phe Asp Val Ser Ala Met Glu Lys Asn Ala Ser Asn Leu 130 135 140 gtg aaa gca gag ttc aga gtc ttt cgt ttg cag aac cca aaa gcc aga 661 Val Lys Ala Glu Phe Arg Val Phe Arg Leu Gln Asn Pro Lys Ala Arg 145 150 155 160 gtg cct gaa caa cgg att gag cta tat cag att ctc aag tcc aaa gat 709 Val Pro Glu Gln Arg Ile Glu Leu Tyr Gln Ile Leu Lys Ser Lys Asp 165 170 175 tta aca tct cca acc cag cgc tac atc gac agc aaa gtt gtg aaa aca 757 Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Gln Arg Tyr Ile Asp Ser Lys Val Val Lys Thr 180 185 190 aga gca gaa ggc gaa tgg ctc tcc ttc gat gta act gat gct gtt cat 805 Arg Ala Glu Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Phe Asp Val Thr Asp Ala Val His 195 200 205 gaa tgg ctt cac cat aaa gac agg aac ctg gga ttt aaa ata agc tta 853 Glu Trp Leu His His Lys Asp Arg Asn Leu Gly Phe Lys Ile Ser Leu 210 215 220 cac tgt ccc tgc tgc act ttt gta cca tct aat aat tac atc atc cca 901 His Cys Pro Cys Cys Thr Phe Val Pro Ser Asn Asn Tyr Ile Ile Pro 225 230 235 240 aat aaa agt gaa gaa cta gaa gca aga ttt gca ggt att gat ggc acc 949 Asn Lys Ser Glu Glu Leu Glu Ala Arg Phe Ala Gly Ile Asp Gly Thr 245 250 255 tcc aca tat acc agt ggt gat cag aaa act ata aag tcc act agg aaa 997 Ser Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Asp Gln Lys Thr Ile Lys Ser Thr Arg Lys 260 265 270 aaa aac agt ggg aag acc cca cat ctc ctg cta atg tta ttg ccc tcc 1045 Lys Asn Ser Gly Lys Thr Pro His Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Leu Pro Ser 275 280 285 tac aga ctt gag tca caa cag acc aac cgg cgg aag aag cgt gct ttg 1093 Tyr Arg Leu Glu Ser Gln Gln Thr Asn Arg Arg Lys Lys Arg Ala Leu 290 295 300 gat gcg gcc tat tgc ttt aga aat gtg cag gat aat tgc tgc cta cgt 1141 Asp Ala Ala Tyr Cys Phe Arg Asn Val Gln Asp Asn Cys Cys Leu Arg 305 310 315 320 cca ctt tac att gat ttc aag agg gat cta ggg tgg aaa tgg ata cac 1189 Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Lys Arg Asp Leu Gly Trp Lys Trp Ile His 325 330 335 gaa ccc aaa ggg tac aat gcc aac ttc tgt gct gga gca tgc ccg tat 1237 Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr Asn Ala Asn Phe Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Pro Tyr 340 345 350 tta tgg agt tca gac act cag cac agc agg gtc ctg agc tta tat aat 1285 Leu Trp Ser Ser Asp Thr Gln His Ser Arg Val Leu Ser Leu Tyr Asn 355 360 365 acc ata aat cca gaa gca tct gct tct cct tgc tgc gtg tcc caa gat 1333 Thr Ile Asn Pro Glu Ala Ser Ala Ser Pro Cys Cys Val Ser Gln Asp 370 375 380 tta gaa cct cta acc att ctc tac tac att ggc aaa aca ccc aag att 1381 Leu Glu Pro Leu Thr Ile Leu Tyr Tyr Ile Gly Lys Thr Pro Lys Ile 385 390 395 400 gaa cag ctt tct aat atg att gta aag tct tgc aaa tgc agc taa 1426 Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Ile Val Lys Ser Cys Lys Cys Ser 405 410 aattcttgga aaagtggcaa gaccaaaatg acaatgatga tgataatgat gatgacgacg 1486 acaacgatga tgcttgtaac aagaaaacat aagagagcct tggttcatca gtgttaaaaa 1546 atttttgaaa aggcggtact agttcagaca ctttggaagt ttgtgttctg tttgttaaaa 1606 ctggcatctg acacaaaaaa agttgaaggc cttattctac atttcaccta ctttgtaagt 1666 gagagagaca agaagcaaat ttttttaaa 1695 5 17 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 5 agaccaaccg gcggaag 17 6 26 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 6 aattatcctg cacatttcta aagcaa 26 7 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Probe 7 agcgtgcttt ggatgcggcc 20 8 19 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 8 gaaggtgaag gtcggagtc 19 9 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 9 gaagatggtg atgggatttc 20 10 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Probe 10 caagcttccc gttctcagcc 20 11 4267 DNA M. musculus CDS (1218)...(2462) 11 ggttatctgc tggcagcagg tttgctcgga gcagagctgc tgaaactgcc ggcaggagag 60 cgagtgggag agaaagagag aaggcgctga gagctgagct ctggggcagg cgtcagggat 120 ggagagaagt attagggttt aaagagccat tctggagcaa cccatctgcg gagagaagga 180 tcggcagagg tctattttag ggtcgcaagt acctacttac cctaagcgag aaagtgcaac 240 cttggtggaa gctaggagaa gctagggaag ggtgcgagtc ccggggcagc ccgcagccaa 300 cgcgcccagg aggcggtgtt gttccacagg ggttaaggag gtggccgatc gctgtcgccc 360 ttggccgcct ggagcaagaa aaggaggatc tgaaggaccg agctggaggc tggccctctt 420 tgcaggcagc agcggcggct gcaacgtgga gcgacccagc cgggtgtagg ccacagcgcg 480 gccggcagga gcgggatcct cgccgcctgc tccggcctct gtggatctcc ggggcggaca 540 gtatcccacc gagtctccga gtgagccgct ccggggcgca tctgcctccc cgcggctcgc 600 caggctcgcc ctcggcgcgc gcgcacgcac gcgcgcacac gcgcacacat ccacacgcac 660 actcatccac acacgtgtgg aaggcagggc cgagccgctc ggtctttgaa cttctcagtt 720 agagcccggc gcagccccgg ccgccgctca gcgctccccg cggccctgcg tgcctcctgc 780 cagcccccgg accttctcgt ctcgtccctt ttggccggag gatcggagtt cagatcagcc 840 actccgcacc gagcctgaca cactgaactc catttcttcc tcttaagttt atttctactt 900 cagagccact caccctctcc cttccaggag aaaaaaaaaa caaacctttc ttactcctta 960 aagtgagaga ttcccccccc accccgcccc agcatcgcat attaatatct ccacgttggg 1020 aacgcgttgc attttctttt ttaaaggaat cccagccagg aacgtttttc tattgggcat 1080 taactttcga ctgctttgca aaagtttcgt attaaagaac aactctacct gaccgctctg 1140 agaattacta gtttcttttt tatatatatt ttttcttact ttaaataaca acatcaacgt 1200 ttcttccttt taaaaac atg cac tac tgt gtg ctg agc acc ttt ttg ctc 1250 Met His Tyr Cys Val Leu Ser Thr Phe Leu Leu 1 5 10 ctg cat ctg gtc ccg gtg gcg ctc agt ctg tct acc tgc agc acc ctc 1298 Leu His Leu Val Pro Val Ala Leu Ser Leu Ser Thr Cys Ser Thr Leu 15 20 25 gac atg gat cag ttt atg cgc aag agg atc gag gcc atc cgc ggg cag 1346 Asp Met Asp Gln Phe Met Arg Lys Arg Ile Glu Ala Ile Arg Gly Gln 30 35 40 atc ctg agc aag ctg aag ctc acc agc ccc ccg gaa gac tat ccg gag 1394 Ile Leu Ser Lys Leu Lys Leu Thr Ser Pro Pro Glu Asp Tyr Pro Glu 45 50 55 ccg gat gag gtc ccc ccg gag gtg att tcc atc tac aac agt acc agg 1442 Pro Asp Glu Val Pro Pro Glu Val Ile Ser Ile Tyr Asn Ser Thr Arg 60 65 70 75 gac tta ctg cag gag aag gca agc cgg agg gca gcc gcc tgc gag cgc 1490 Asp Leu Leu Gln Glu Lys Ala Ser Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg 80 85 90 gag cgg agc gag cag gag tac tac gcc aag gag gtt tat aaa atc gac 1538 Glu Arg Ser Glu Gln Glu Tyr Tyr Ala Lys Glu Val Tyr Lys Ile Asp 95 100 105 atg ccg tcc cac ctc ccc tcc gaa aat gcc atc ccg ccc act ttc tac 1586 Met Pro Ser His Leu Pro Ser Glu Asn Ala Ile Pro Pro Thr Phe Tyr 110 115 120 aga ccc tac ttc aga atc gtc cgc ttt gat gtc tca aca atg gag aaa 1634 Arg Pro Tyr Phe Arg Ile Val Arg Phe Asp Val Ser Thr Met Glu Lys 125 130 135 aat gct tcg aat ctg gtg aag gca gag ttc agg gtc ttc cgc ttg caa 1682 Asn Ala Ser Asn Leu Val Lys Ala Glu Phe Arg Val Phe Arg Leu Gln 140 145 150 155 aac ccc aaa gcc aga gtg gcc gag cag cgg att gaa ctg tat cag atc 1730 Asn Pro Lys Ala Arg Val Ala Glu Gln Arg Ile Glu Leu Tyr Gln Ile 160 165 170 ctt aaa tcc aaa gac tta aca tct ccc acc cag cgc tac atc gat agc 1778 Leu Lys Ser Lys Asp Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Gln Arg Tyr Ile Asp Ser 175 180 185 aag gtt gtg aaa acc aga gcg gag ggt gaa tgg ctc tcc ttc gac gtg 1826 Lys Val Val Lys Thr Arg Ala Glu Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Phe Asp Val 190 195 200 aca gac gct gtg cag gag tgg ctt cac cac aaa gac agg aac ctg ggg 1874 Thr Asp Ala Val Gln Glu Trp Leu His His Lys Asp Arg Asn Leu Gly 205 210 215 ttt aaa ata agt tta cac tgc ccc tgc tgt acc ttc gtg ccg tct aat 1922 Phe Lys Ile Ser Leu His Cys Pro Cys Cys Thr Phe Val Pro Ser Asn 220 225 230 235 aat tac atc atc ccg aat aaa agc gaa gag ctc gag gcg aga ttt gca 1970 Asn Tyr Ile Ile Pro Asn Lys Ser Glu Glu Leu Glu Ala Arg Phe Ala 240 245 250 ggt att gat ggc acc tct aca tat gcc agt ggt gat cag aaa act ata 2018 Gly Ile Asp Gly Thr Ser Thr Tyr Ala Ser Gly Asp Gln Lys Thr Ile 255 260 265 aag tcc act agg aaa aaa acc agt ggg aag acc cca cat ctc ctg cta 2066 Lys Ser Thr Arg Lys Lys Thr Ser Gly Lys Thr Pro His Leu Leu Leu 270 275 280 atg ttg ttg ccc tcc tac aga ctg gag tca caa cag tcc agc cgg cgg 2114 Met Leu Leu Pro Ser Tyr Arg Leu Glu Ser Gln Gln Ser Ser Arg Arg 285 290 295 aag aag cgc gct ttg gat gct gcc tac tgc ttt aga aat gtg cag gat 2162 Lys Lys Arg Ala Leu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Cys Phe Arg Asn Val Gln Asp 300 305 310 315 aat tgc tgc ctt cgc cct ctt tac att gat ttt aag agg gat ctt gga 2210 Asn Cys Cys Leu Arg Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Lys Arg Asp Leu Gly 320 325 330 tgg aaa tgg atc cat gaa ccc aaa ggg tac aat gct aac ttc tgt gct 2258 Trp Lys Trp Ile His Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr Asn Ala Asn Phe Cys Ala 335 340 345 ggg gca tgc cca tat cta tgg agt tca gac act caa cac acc aaa gtc 2306 Gly Ala Cys Pro Tyr Leu Trp Ser Ser Asp Thr Gln His Thr Lys Val 350 355 360 ctc agc ctg tac aac acc ata aat ccc gaa gct tcc gct tcc cct tgc 2354 Leu Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Ile Asn Pro Glu Ala Ser Ala Ser Pro Cys 365 370 375 tgt gtg tcc cag gat ctg gaa cca ctg acc att ctc tat tac att gga 2402 Cys Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Glu Pro Leu Thr Ile Leu Tyr Tyr Ile Gly 380 385 390 395 aat acg ccc aag atc gaa cag ctt tcc aat atg att gtc aag tct tgt 2450 Asn Thr Pro Lys Ile Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Ile Val Lys Ser Cys 400 405 410 aaa tgc agc taa agtccttggg aaagccagga cacgaaaatc acggtgacaa 2502 Lys Cys Ser tgacatataa tgacaacgat gacgaccatg atgtttgtga caggagggag ggagttttga 2562 ttcatcagtg tttaaaaaaa aaaaaattgg agaaaaaaaa tcggtactag ttcaaacatt 2622 ttgcaagctt gtgttctgtt tgttaaaact ggcatctgag attacagcaa caacaaccac 2682 aaaaatggaa ggcgttagtc tgcatctcac ctacttccta agagacacaa aaagaaaaca 2742 tctttttttt tttaaggaaa aaaataaaca ctggaagaat ttgttagtgt taattatgtg 2802 aaaaaaaaaa aacatcaaaa caaaacagga aaatccgttc agtggagttg tacgtattgt 2862 ttccagcccg catttcaccc cacgcctctc ctggttcctc tgtattgctc tctgcagtgg 2922 gtgccctccc cgtcccttcc tccaagctaa cagtgggtta tttattgtgt gttactatat 2982 aatgaacctt tcattaccct tggaaaacaa aacaggtgta taaatcgaga ccaaatactt 3042 tgccacaaac tcatggatgg cttaaggagt ttgaactcaa ataagccagg gggaaggagg 3102 tcatagtgga tgaccccctg tgagttgtta taggactaag caagtcttct gtggaaaaat 3162 caaagcccca gcaaacacgt gtctgccgaa gcttcatgga cgccatatgc ccagaaggcc 3222 tgttaacaaa gaaaacttgg aatcagtggc aatctggaag attttttttt ccttttaatt 3282 gtaaatggtt ctttgccagt ttaagcaagc cggtgaaatg ttgacctgtt ttgatatgta 3342 ttgtcagact tttgaccgtg aagtggctgt tgatctacaa tacaggtttt tcctttgtct 3402 tggtatatgt aattacatgg atactattaa aatagacggg tctagaagcc agcatgattg 3462 aaaacacact gcagatctgt ttttccaaac tattaaatcg aaacagtaac tactttacat 3522 gtaatgtgta gatcttacca catttttaat attctgtaat aatggttatg atttagattg 3582 aacttaaatt tggacttttt tttttaatga tcattcagat tgtatatttg tttcctttag 3642 ctggccagta cctttgaata aaacccctag attttgactt gcactacaaa ttcaattttt 3702 tttatatact atcttccctg cctgtatttt atgtattgtc catttaatga catgagctac 3762 ctgggtccat tcctccccca accccagttc cttctatttt ccaaaagata aaaaccaaag 3822 cccaaaaagc taggtttgag ctccacagtg tttcagcctt ttctgcgtca gtgtgagtca 3882 tgtggcgggt gagcggtggg gcttctggga tggatggttc tgtgtgaaca cagaagttcg 3942 cacaaatgta ggcttagcta gggtttaaga atctcaactc agagtcttag tgactgggct 4002 aggaaaagtt tctttaactc ctatatttat ggactctctt tgccgttcaa aagcagacag 4062 ttcaaaggaa gcaccttttt ctttaattgg tttttttggt gctcatgggg tgtattaaaa 4122 gacacacagt ttggttgagt ttttcaaagg gggaaaaagt ccaggccagc actcgtcatt 4182 ttattcataa tttcatccat tatttccctg atttcattga aatacaggtt ttgaaagaca 4242 ttctttgcag gctgattaaa aaaaa 4267 12 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 12 cacccagcgc tacatcgata 20 13 19 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 13 gcgtctgtca cgtcgaagg 19 14 25 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Probe 14 aaaccagagc ggagggtgaa tggct 25 15 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 15 ggcaaattca acggcacagt 20 16 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Primer 16 gggtctcgct cctggaagat 20 17 27 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR Probe 17 aaggccgaga atgggaagct tgtcatc 27 18 2570 DNA H. sapiens CDS (468)...(1796) 18 gcccctcccg tcagttcgcc agctgccagc cccgggacct tttcatctct tcccttttgg 60 ccggaggagc cgagttcaga tccgccactc cgcacccgag actgacacac tgaactccac 120 ttcctcctct taaatttatt tctacttaat agccactcgt ctcttttttt ccccatctca 180 ttgctccaag aatttttttc ttcttactcg ccaaagtcag ggttccctct gcccgtcccg 240 tattaatatt tccacttttg gaactactgg ccttttcttt ttaaaggaat tcaagcagga 300 tacgtttttc tgttgggcat tgactagatt gtttgcaaaa gtttcgcatc aaaaacaaca 360 acaacaaaaa accaaacaac tctccttgat ctatactttg agaattgttg atttcttttt 420 tttattctga cttttaaaaa caactttttt ttccactttt ttaaaaa atg cac tac 476 Met His Tyr 1 tgt gtg ctg agc gct ttt ctg atc ctg cat ctg gtc acg gtc gcg ctc 524 Cys Val Leu Ser Ala Phe Leu Ile Leu His Leu Val Thr Val Ala Leu 5 10 15 agc ctg tct acc tgc agc aca ctc gat atg gac cag ttc atg cgc aag 572 Ser Leu Ser Thr Cys Ser Thr Leu Asp Met Asp Gln Phe Met Arg Lys 20 25 30 35 agg atc gag gcg atc cgc ggg cag atc ctg agc aag ctg aag ctc acc 620 Arg Ile Glu Ala Ile Arg Gly Gln Ile Leu Ser Lys Leu Lys Leu Thr 40 45 50 agt ccc cca gaa gac tat cct gag ccc gag gaa gtc ccc ccg gag gtg 668 Ser Pro Pro Glu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Pro Glu Glu Val Pro Pro Glu Val 55 60 65 att tcc atc tac aac agc acc agg gac ttg ctc cag gag aag gcg agc 716 Ile Ser Ile Tyr Asn Ser Thr Arg Asp Leu Leu Gln Glu Lys Ala Ser 70 75 80 cgg agg gcg gcc gcc tgc gag cgc gag agg agc gac gaa gag tac tac 764 Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ser Asp Glu Glu Tyr Tyr 85 90 95 gcc aag gag gtt tac aaa ata gac atg ccg ccc ttc ttc ccc tcc gaa 812 Ala Lys Glu Val Tyr Lys Ile Asp Met Pro Pro Phe Phe Pro Ser Glu 100 105 110 115 act gtc tgc cca gtt gtt aca aca ccc tct ggc tca gtg ggc agc ttg 860 Thr Val Cys Pro Val Val Thr Thr Pro Ser Gly Ser Val Gly Ser Leu 120 125 130 tgc tcc aga cag tcc cag gtg ctc tgt ggg tac ctt gat gcc atc ccg 908 Cys Ser Arg Gln Ser Gln Val Leu Cys Gly Tyr Leu Asp Ala Ile Pro 135 140 145 ccc act ttc tac aga ccc tac ttc aga att gtt cga ttt gac gtc tca 956 Pro Thr Phe Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Phe Arg Ile Val Arg Phe Asp Val Ser 150 155 160 gca atg gag aag aat gct tcc aat ttg gtg aaa gca gag ttc aga gtc 1004 Ala Met Glu Lys Asn Ala Ser Asn Leu Val Lys Ala Glu Phe Arg Val 165 170 175 ttt cgt ttg cag aac cca aaa gcc aga gtg cct gaa caa cgg att gag 1052 Phe Arg Leu Gln Asn Pro Lys Ala Arg Val Pro Glu Gln Arg Ile Glu 180 185 190 195 cta tat cag att ctc aag tcc aaa gat tta aca tct cca acc cag cgc 1100 Leu Tyr Gln Ile Leu Lys Ser Lys Asp Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Gln Arg 200 205 210 tac atc gac agc aaa gtt gtg aaa aca aga gca gaa ggc gaa tgg ctc 1148 Tyr Ile Asp Ser Lys Val Val Lys Thr Arg Ala Glu Gly Glu Trp Leu 215 220 225 tcc ttc gat gta act gat gct gtt cat gaa tgg ctt cac cat aaa gac 1196 Ser Phe Asp Val Thr Asp Ala Val His Glu Trp Leu His His Lys Asp 230 235 240 agg aac ctg gga ttt aaa ata agc tta cac tgt ccc tgc tgc act ttt 1244 Arg Asn Leu Gly Phe Lys Ile Ser Leu His Cys Pro Cys Cys Thr Phe 245 250 255 gta cca tct aat aat tac atc atc cca aat aaa agt gaa gaa cta gaa 1292 Val Pro Ser Asn Asn Tyr Ile Ile Pro Asn Lys Ser Glu Glu Leu Glu 260 265 270 275 gca aga ttt gca ggt att gat ggc acc tcc aca tat acc agt ggt gat 1340 Ala Arg Phe Ala Gly Ile Asp Gly Thr Ser Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Asp 280 285 290 cag aaa act ata aag tcc act agg aaa aaa aac agt ggg aag acc cca 1388 Gln Lys Thr Ile Lys Ser Thr Arg Lys Lys Asn Ser Gly Lys Thr Pro 295 300 305 cat ctc ctg cta atg tta ttg ccc tcc tac aga ctt gag tca caa cag 1436 His Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Leu Pro Ser Tyr Arg Leu Glu Ser Gln Gln 310 315 320 acc aac cgg cgg aag aag cgt gct ttg gat gcg gcc tat tgc ttt aga 1484 Thr Asn Arg Arg Lys Lys Arg Ala Leu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Cys Phe Arg 325 330 335 aat gtg cag gat aat tgc tgc cta cgt cca ctt tac att gat ttc aag 1532 Asn Val Gln Asp Asn Cys Cys Leu Arg Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Lys 340 345 350 355 agg gat cta ggg tgg aaa tgg ata cac gaa ccc aaa ggg tac aat gcc 1580 Arg Asp Leu Gly Trp Lys Trp Ile His Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr Asn Ala 360 365 370 aac ttc tgt gct gga gca tgc ccg tat tta tgg agt tca gac act cag 1628 Asn Phe Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Pro Tyr Leu Trp Ser Ser Asp Thr Gln 375 380 385 cac agc agg gtc ctg agc tta tat aat acc ata aat cca gaa gca tct 1676 His Ser Arg Val Leu Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Ile Asn Pro Glu Ala Ser 390 395 400 gct tct cct tgc tgc gtg tcc caa gat tta gaa cct cta acc att ctc 1724 Ala Ser Pro Cys Cys Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Glu Pro Leu Thr Ile Leu 405 410 415 tac tac att ggc aaa aca ccc aag att gaa cag ctt tct aat atg att 1772 Tyr Tyr Ile Gly Lys Thr Pro Lys Ile Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Ile 420 425 430 435 gta aag tct tgc aaa tgc agc taa aattcttgga aaagtggcaa gaccaaaatg 1826 Val Lys Ser Cys Lys Cys Ser 440 acaatgatga tgataatgat gatgacgacg acaacgatga tgcttgtaac aagaaaacat 1886 aagagagcct tggttcatca gtgttaaaaa atttttgaaa aggcggtact agttcagaca 1946 ctttggaagt ttgtgttctg tttgttaaaa ctggcatctg acacaaaaaa agttgaaggc 2006 cttattctac atttcaccta ctttgtaagt gagagagaca agaagcaaat tttttttaaa 2066 gaaaaaaata aacactggaa gaatttatta gtgttaatta tgtgaacaac gacaacaaca 2126 acaacaacaa caaacaggaa aatcccatta agtggagttg ctgtacgtac cgttcctatc 2186 ccgcgcctca cttgattttt ctgtattgct atgcaatagg cacccttccc attcttactc 2246 ttagagttaa cagtgagtta tttattgtgt gttactatat aatgaacgtt tcattgccct 2306 tggaaaataa aacaggtgta taaagtggag accaaatact ttgccagaaa ctcatggatg 2366 gcttaaggaa cttgaactca aacgagccag aaaaaaagag gtcatattaa tgggatgaaa 2426 acccaagtga gttattatat gaccgagaaa gtctgcatta agataaagac cctgaaaaca 2486 catgttatgt atcagctgcc taaggaagct tcttgtaagg tccaaaaact aaaaagactg 2546 ttaataaaag aaactttcag tcag 2570 19 439 DNA H. sapiens unsure 84 unknown 19 ggcaggaccg aaccgctcct tctttaaata tataaatttc agcccaggtc agcctcggcg 60 gcccccctca ccgcgctccc ggcnccctcc cgtcagttcg ccagctgcca gccccgggac 120 cttttcatct cttccctttt ggccggagag ccgagttcag atccgccact ccgcacccga 180 gactgacaca ctgaactcca cttcctcctc ttaaatttat ttctacttaa tagccactcg 240 tctctttttt tccccatctc attgctccaa gaattttttt cttcttactc gccaaagtca 300 gggttccctc tgcccgtccc gtattaatat ttccactttt nggaactact gggccttttc 360 tttttaaagg aattcaagca ggatacgttt ttctgttggg cattgactaa gattgtttgc 420 aaaagtttcg catcaaaaa 439 20 98686 DNA H. sapiens misc_feature 28031, 59631, 59767, 78835-78934, 96078-96177 n = A,T,C or G 20 tcagtaaaac aaacaagtat accttattct ttaggtaaaa ttgatggatc tctgttttcc 60 agcagttcac aaacagaggg gtacattgta aacaacaaac taacaaaata aattctggga 120 tggcaacctg ctaaggtatc ccagaaaata agaggtagga catgaattta aaagattgga 180 aggtatgtct tcagtactgg cctggccctg agtagactag tgctccctcc cataggggtg 240 cgtgtgcaca cataatacag gagggaagcc ttcccttcta gagcaagtga ttcagcttgg 300 gaggctgtga ctgagctaca ctaagtaaaa acgggagact tgattgtcct tccttcaaca 360 gacctgtcca aaatgactgg aaagtaaata ccgtaaatca ctgttgtcag ggcgcacatt 420 ccacctcctt cctcccttac ccacagcggt cctcatttcc acactccctc aacggttcgg 480 ggagagctcg tggtctaagt aacgagagga cttctgactg taatcctagc acgtcacttt 540 gttgaaggca gacacgtggt tcagagagaa cttataaatc tcccctcccc ggcaagatcg 600 tgatgttatc tgctggcagc agaaggttcg ctccgagcgg agctccagaa gctcctgaca 660 agagaaagac agattgagat agagatagaa agagaaagag agaaagagac agcagagcga 720 gagcgcaagt gaaagaggca ggggaggggg atggagaata ttagcctgac ggtctaggga 780 gtcatccagg aacaaactga ggggctgccc ggctgcagac aggaggagac agagaggatc 840 tattttaggg tggcaagtgc ctacctaccc taagcgagca attccacgtt ggggagaagc 900 cagcagaggt tgggaaaggg tgggagtcca agggagcccc tgcgcaaccc cctcaggaat 960 aaaactcccc agccagggtg tcgcaagggc tgccgttgtg atccgcaggg ggtgaacgca 1020 accgcgacgg ctgatcgtct gtggctgggt tggcgtttgg agcaagagaa ggaggagcag 1080 gagaaggagg gagctggagg ctggaagcgt ttgcaagcgg cggcggcagc aacgtggagt 1140 aaccaagcgg gtcagcgcgc gcccgccagg gtgtaggcca cggagcgcag ctcccagagc 1200 aggatccgcg ccgcctcagc agcctctgcg gcccctgcgg cacccgaccg agtaccgagc 1260 gccctgcgaa gcgcaccctc ctccccgcgg tgcgctgggc tcgcccccag cgcgcgcaca 1320 cgcacacaca cacacacaca cacacacgca cgcacacacg tgtgcgcttc tctgctccgg 1380 agctgctgct gctcctgctc tcagcgccgc agtggaaggc aggaccgaac cgctccttct 1440 ttaaatatat aaatttcagc ccaggtcagc ctcggcggcc cccctcaccg cgctcccggc 1500 gcccctcccg tcagttcgcc agctgccagc cccgggacct tttcatctct tcccttttgg 1560 ccggaggagc cgagttcaga tccgccactc cgcacccgag actgacacac tgaactccac 1620 ttcctcctct taaatttatt tctacttaat agccactcgt ctcttttttt ccccatctca 1680 ttgctccaag aatttttttc ttcttactcg ccaaagtcag ggttccctct gcccgtcccg 1740 tattaatatt tccacttttg gaactactgg ccttttcttt ttaaaggaat tcaagcagga 1800 tacgtttttc tgttgggcat tgactagatt gtttgcaaaa gtttcgcatc aaaaacaaca 1860 acaacaaaaa accaaacaac tctccttgat ctatactttg agaattgttg atttcttttt 1920 tttattctga cttttaaaaa caactttttt ttccactttt ttaaaaaatg cactactgtg 1980 tgctgagcgc ttttctgatc ctgcatctgg tcacggtcgc gctcagcctg tctacctgca 2040 gcacactcga tatggaccag ttcatgcgca agaggatcga ggcgatccgc gggcagatcc 2100 tgagcaagct gaagctcacc agtcccccag aagactatcc tgagcccgag gaagtccccc 2160 cggaggtgat ttccatctac aacagcacca gggacttgct ccaggagaag gcgagccgga 2220 gggcggccgc ctgcgagcgc gagaggagcg acgaagagta ctacgccaag gaggtttaca 2280 aaatagacat gccgcccttc ttcccctccg aaagtaagta cttattttga cttccatccc 2340 ctgaggttta gctctgcccg gagctctcaa aaccgcagca gctcccggga tcgcccttcc 2400 ctctcgcggt tcccgttcgc tcttttcccg ttctcctgtc cttcacccca ccacctcctt 2460 ttcagttgta tgcttgaggc catcaggctt taaaatgttt actttctact ttattttctc 2520 catctttccc ttccccctaa caattcggtg ctttaaaagg cgttattctc tttttctctt 2580 ccctgaagtt ctttagtcgg ccaccagcta ggagtcagcc ccactctgtc aaactagagg 2640 tgctcccagg ggcagagtta aactgaggaa tcttggtagg tttgttttct ttgctccgat 2700 tggcgtggag cgcgccgaac tggtgcacga agggttaaaa aaagtgtctc aaaactagcc 2760 tctccggaag gcgccccctt tccgtgctga cctatcagct ggttccccaa gccttctcta 2820 ttgtctctaa ctaccctaaa aatgtcagca tcgccgagac aaaacccggt ttggagaccc 2880 ctcgagaaac ctacctggcc ctcagtcctt gatgtatcat ttgctatcac taggtgtttc 2940 attacccaaa ggcaaaatcc tataaccacg ttcccttttc acttaacctg gagtgtagaa 3000 aggacaactc cgtttctgac tgtgttttaa aaggttttgt tcacgttatt tttcagaata 3060 cactcaaacc tgccttcttc acatctccag tgtagcagat catttttctt acgggtctgt 3120 tatcctgctc ctgccttttc gtaggcttcc tgcagttact tcaatgcatt cctaaaactc 3180 agagtagacg acagccgtat tttttttttt tttttttact ggcttctctg agaacagtgt 3240 cctcaaaacc agctggcata cagtagcaat aggagtgaaa tgatttattg cagaggaagg 3300 gaacagacag tgtagaatga tttcagagtt cttaaaaaaa gaaaaaaaag aaagaaagaa 3360 agaaaagggg cagcagcatc cacttgatac ctgagagggt taaataccag gaagaagaaa 3420 aagaaaagtg ggggcggggt ggggggaacc tcttcaacat ttgtgtattc caaatcccaa 3480 gtcataaact tttcattggt tgctcatttc tctcctcccc tttccatgcc ctgtatactt 3540 gctggctgcc tttgcaaagt ctctgtgtct tgcctaaata gataatatag ccatcttggt 3600 aattttctct taaaggttct agttgcaggg tggtgctttt cttttttaat atttattttt 3660 agtttgacaa gtcctagcta tgtgacctgc catgtcttgt acttgatggt ctcagaagtc 3720 agcccatgta tctaacccca gtcttcctag tgacccttat tttgctgcag tttctcctgt 3780 tcttgttcaa tagcagaaca gatgcagaga attctggcaa gcaggatgat tttattattg 3840 taattatggc actatccgca acagcggtga taaatacact ccacccctgg ttatcccctt 3900 tgggaagtaa agctttctat ctggggtgga gccaaggaga tattaggaaa gaaagttcat 3960 tgtaattagt ccaaaaccat tgagacaaac aaggagttca gtcagtttgc tttctctagc 4020 atgtgcatcg gttctaccgg tatttgggca gagcggaaag tatgttatgt agaacctgaa 4080 taactcatct ttcaatgttt atatgcaaaa ggtctaataa actgccagca cttctataac 4140 acagaaagga gctctgatcc catttactga ataggtgtgg agagagcaag taacccaaga 4200 gggcattagt tctttgttct ctgaagcaca cttcagtctg aagagctgag atgatccaac 4260 ccagggtcat ggtcatcaac aaactggaaa aattcctaga ttattaggag gatttcagag 4320 tatggcattt aacatcaatg tgtggattct cctttccatt tcaccccagc caccaaataa 4380 atgaaaacct ccgatacgtc caagataaat aaaatatact gccagttttc atacaaagaa 4440 tacaggcttt aaaaagtctg tattctgtat ggaagtttag gagcagaaag ccatattaat 4500 agcaggttcg atactactgt gcaaggactg gataatttta tagaaaatag gttaactgat 4560 tttccagcac tttttagtta tactggaata tagcaaaccc ttccaaaaaa aaggaaaaaa 4620 agaaaaaaac catattttta aaaagcaaat tgaaagtaca gcattggctt atataccagc 4680 tttccctctt taggactttt ctgcctaact tttaactcag ctgtcactga agtggctgtg 4740 gggagggagt gtgcctgtca ttccttgcag tgaatctggc gagggtcata agccccagag 4800 atgaagccat gggaaagatc actggttcat tttttaccat caacttatta gcgttcaggg 4860 agtgacttca gctcaagtat tacaaatatg ctctaattat actcaatgag ctatatatca 4920 ttacagattg ctgatagccc tttgtgggac attttataaa gttcagacta catattttta 4980 gcaatgtgga gatttaaaag taaaaatata agagatattg tatatgccct gaggcatatt 5040 ttgtcttaaa tattatcctt ggccaagtat actatataaa tacagtaaat atgaatagaa 5100 ctggccaggt gccaatctcc taggatgaat tttagtcaag aatgtattta tgggatataa 5160 ataatactgt gtcaacattt aaagaagggg tctgattagt tttgaattta ttcatattga 5220 tcttttcacg tgctgttagt ttaagactcg aagtggagtt atgctaaggt ttaccgatag 5280 tttgcccact gggaattagt ggacctctag tagtttaaca atccatttga agttcgaggc 5340 acatctattc gaaagatgct gcacaaggtt ttagaaactt agaaagggtg attcagttat 5400 acacaggaag aattcaaata attgacatgt aagaatctgt agagagtccg acaatcaaaa 5460 agaggaagag acacaacgtt tcattttctt tcttttctct ccctttttca ttgtaaccaa 5520 tcagcacatg ttgtggttct aaccctggtg attttgtact ccccccaaca cccgcacccc 5580 tactcccact ggaacgtttg gcaatgtcca gagacacttt gggttgtcat gactggaggt 5640 ggaggggtgc taccggtatt tagtgggtca gccagggatg tttctaacca tcctataatg 5700 catagggcaa ccccccattc ccaacatcaa agaattatcc tgaccacaat gtcagtaatg 5760 cctctgttga ggagccctgg tatttgttgg gggttactga attctgttaa cagtaccatt 5820 tagaaaataa taacaaaaat aaaatatctt tatgatcaaa gcatattcaa atgagaatac 5880 tgaataggag gatagtcaga cagttatctt aattaaatgg agtgtggatt agaccattgt 5940 atacagtatg tactttattt tttgtggtct taaagcccct aaattagaga catcaaaact 6000 tcccatttat ttagcttaag tgatggtgtt gacctatcca ttactagctt cagtcagcag 6060 cagtgtgatg ttagaacaga gaaaaaagaa gtgaggaatt atcatggatt ccccttgcaa 6120 gggaaataag cagtttgtgt taacaaagag tggaatctcc aagctaggca atggaagaaa 6180 gtaaataatc atcttgattt attctaccat tttgaagtag atacactaaa aatatacagc 6240 ctgaaaaatc acaatgagat tccctttgta gttgtttcac atgagtgtta aacatttaac 6300 atgaagcaat ctccttttct atttcctctg taattttcca agttaaattg tggaatgtag 6360 aatgaatacc aatgacacta tggttttggg gaatgtgact tagcattcaa ttcatgaata 6420 tgtctttcta tatacaagtt gctggtctgt tggccacttg cccaatgaag gaaaatgtta 6480 gcgattgctg gaacgtagtg gtatttttgc tttatgtagt aagcattttt actattttat 6540 tttttaggat tctctatgtg tgtgtttgca tgtgggtgta tgagatagaa acagaaagaa 6600 aaagagagcg tatcaaagac agacttgaac ttcttgactt ccagaatgat tgagttatta 6660 atatacaaca gaccaaactt taattctccc ttttttattg catcgttgct tgtactaact 6720 ctagtgtcta attgtggtta catttaagtt aggtcacatg ctcctccttc aggatttcct 6780 ctttttttta cttttcaaag actagaaaaa cctctcaaag aagtatacta tttataacga 6840 aagcagttgg gtcgtctttg ttgccaagtg aggccagcca gctttatgcc tctcctgagg 6900 agaccccacc cgatgaaaga ggggctttgc agaggttgag gggcaggtgg ggacctctcc 6960 acctcacaga aggaaggggt tgggggagcc cactgcgtct ccacagcaac ccctgtggtc 7020 tactcgagga gttgcacttt ttgaatgatt tctccctggt gaaaagatgg tgatgtaacc 7080 tagtcgcagc atctttcata taaagatatg aaagaatgac agatcgtttt tcctagagga 7140 aactgagatg tgaaaaaagg gctaatgact cactgttgaa cccacatcaa atctgggtta 7200 gaaccaagga gttcactgac ttgtaggcct tcgcccagag attacaacac actttaggct 7260 gcatatttag aaggttcgag aaattagagt ggaggctcct ggccctggga gaggtgtgca 7320 gggtcaccac tggagtggga ctctggccca ctgccactcc agcccgcctc cccctgcccc 7380 ttgcccacag cacccccacc ccaccccgcc ccattatagg ttcaggagta aggtgagcag 7440 ccgagcaaga gactgcatgg aagagctctg gaaatagccc cttccgctat cttgatgtag 7500 catttccggt actgatgggc tcccggagag aggatttgga tttgccagat gtgcttgctc 7560 tatttaggca gcgcttctgc tcaagggtgg attccatttt gcagattctg cacagcttga 7620 tgaaatgtgg ctctgcccga gataaacaaa tgcccattgt cattttgaag gcatatgtgt 7680 gctttcattt taaaaaatat cctttaaaca atgatagttt ttaacctggg aattcaacgt 7740 tctccaggta ttttatttta gatttaataa tatgttaggg gattctttga tgggtttgtt 7800 tagactgaaa agtttgcttc tgtcatttgt ttggaataaa tttgcatcat gctacaacca 7860 caagctgctt ttgatggttg gctgttttgt ttcttttcta agcgctgata tccagaagtg 7920 ggtgtttaag tgccccacac tctcaccact accttacttc ctgaattggc ttggtggtct 7980 tgactctgaa tgaaactgcc ccttggcctc ttccctacca tctctaaatt gccttctttt 8040 ccttcattgt gatggaatgt ctgcatggat ggatggtcga gtgctcacat atcatgtccc 8100 atttgatact ctactgagtt tgtgggagac agcaccccct ttacttaacc aggcctcagt 8160 ttcttccctt gtaaagatga agaaagtaac actggccttc tagggttgta aggattgatg 8220 atgacatatg tgaagaagca cctagtgcag ctgctctggc atggagtagg tcttctttgc 8280 ctggcagcaa ttctctgagt ctcaaatgcc tttgacttca gggtatacca ttattttatg 8340 tgccactaag aaaaaaatat cacttcagtg atcatgccat tgattttaag agagggtctg 8400 gattttaggg agatgaaaat gtgattatga gcgatacccc aggaaccact tccattaacc 8460 tcggatgtct tggaacctcc agctcattct tttcctttgc gatagttcca ctcagtggat 8520 ctctttcctt tgctcactca gtttgttcct taggtggcct ctgacacttc agggcaggga 8580 tgggatgggg ctggaaacag agaacatagg gttggtaatt caccatgtct ggcactatcc 8640 agttctccta tgagaaggcc tgagagttta ggcaattaga ttcaggcctt tcagggtctg 8700 gtccctcctc cttgctcagc ccctcctctc actaaatccc tgcatgaaaa ctatactcca 8760 gtcacattgt cctctttgcc tttacccaaa tgggccattt attttcatgc ctctggggtc 8820 tttgtttatg ctgtttcttc tacatagaga tctatctttt cacaccttta aaaatccttc 8880 tgcctggtgt ggtggcccac gcctataatc ttagcacttt aggaagctga ggcgggagga 8940 tcacttgagg gcaggagttg aagaccagcc tgggcaacat agcaagatct tgtctctaca 9000 gagaatttag ttgggcctgg tggtatgtgc ctgtagtcct agctacttgg gcggctgaag 9060 caggaggatt gcttgagcct aggagtttga ggctgcagtg agctatgact gccccgctgt 9120 cctccagcct gggcaacaga gcgtgaccct gtctctaaac ataacaaaat aaaacaaaat 9180 atttctgggc ttagtcagat gccacctcct tagaaaacct tccttgattg tcctagtctt 9240 atttaattag ctcttccttt gcactcttac tatactgatg gttatctcta tctctccctc 9300 ttttcttttg atcttagtaa gatctaactc tgttctgggc tgtcttcttc attggtttgt 9360 agactgcccc aggaacagaa atcaagtcta acttatctat attcttatag aacttagcat 9420 attgtgtttg atcaaggaat gtttgacaaa tggatgagca ttccctttac agaatgagat 9480 tgaactacag gaagaagaag aatctgtgag ttcaaagagg tgtcagggcc aggagatgcg 9540 gagagatgaa atgttctgac cttcattatc agggaaaatg tgtctgatgg gtcatgtcac 9600 tatgctaaag agcacaggga ttctcataac cataatattt tctgtttcca attctcagat 9660 aataatgaag gtggtgataa tgatgattaa agctaacctt tattgaggac tttttacagg 9720 ccaagcatag ctaaccttta ttgaagactt ataaaccaag catagtttta aatattttac 9780 atatatgtac tctttaatac tcacaagcaa tcctatgagg ttaatactca tactgtccct 9840 ttgacagctg aggaaatgga aatagctatt tctattagtg atgtgttata gggatgggta 9900 agggaaataa gatttcaggc aaccacaggt aataggagcc ctaatccaga gcccaggaaa 9960 tagagagcat gacctttctt gccttcttga taaatgatgt aatacatcca tggaagaatg 10020 gtggctctcc tctgttaaca agaattacat tcacaagcac tgagaaaata tacctctgaa 10080 gcacacaacc tgggtttttt tttcttgcct cttaacacat tcaactttta tttctgcact 10140 taattgatac aaaaagtgtg atttattaag actttggttg tttctgtttg tttgtttgtg 10200 agacagagcc ttgctctgtt gtccaggctg gagtgcagtg gcaccatctc agcttactgc 10260 aacctctggc tcccgggtcc aagcaattct cctgcctcag cctcccaact agctgggatt 10320 acaagcatgt gccaccacgc ccagctaatt tttgtgtttt tagtcaagat ggggtttcac 10380 catgttggtc aggctggtct cgaactgatc tcaagtgatc catccgcctc ggtctcccaa 10440 agtgctggga ttataggccc gagccaccgt gcccagcctt ggttttgttt ttgaactgca 10500 atcattttcc tcacaaaaat tttgataaat tttattgata gggcattcct atttcagaga 10560 attaatttat ttgggaaggc aagatgatat acaatgagca tgatgacttt ggagctggac 10620 agacccatta aataaagaaa ggagaataaa taaaagggaa ttgtaccaaa ggaatctcaa 10680 aggctgaaat ggaagcggta acatcaaaga caagaaatcc tactccaggc ctgtggcagt 10740 tgttaaagag tggtcctgtt ttggttagca acttggctct ctcagtgcaa gtcattaaaa 10800 ctgcctcatt gatatttaag ttgcttccta ccgaattcag atcttggctc tgccactgtc 10860 ggctttgcag ctggatttga aaccccttca cttagcccag cctcagtttc ttcatttgta 10920 aagaagaaca tcgactttct aggggttgta aaggatgatg tgtgtgaaaa agcacctggt 10980 gcagctgctt ctggccttct ttccacagca gctattattc atcgaatctc attgacttta 11040 aaatgcacca ctattttatg tgccactaac aaagaaatat cactgcccat ttaactatta 11100 gttataacat taactaaatg tcactgccaa ttaactcagc cattgattat aagagagaat 11160 ctggatttta gaaataatag aatatgaaaa atatatagaa tcagtgaaat cacataaagg 11220 tttgtgaaat aaagaatagc ggtctatgtg cacatggtat agagtgctat agcagaagta 11280 catggaaaat gaaattaagt ggaggcatga catctgccct cagaaacgtt ttctagttaa 11340 tgaatgttag gagcccatct gtggaatcaa gaacaggaga tccacatagt atatactcct 11400 cccagccaga gtcttggaaa tcaaaatttt tttgttttta ttttattttt gacatctcaa 11460 gatttaccat ttgtttcaaa gggtatataa atttttaggg gaattttttt tttttcgaga 11520 cagtctcact ctgttgccca ggctggagta agtggcacag acatggctca ctgaagcctc 11580 catctcctgg gctctagtta tcctcctgcc tcagcctcta caatagttgg gaccacaggc 11640 atgcaccacc atgcctggct aattttttca atttttttgt agagctgggg tcttgtcatg 11700 ttgttcaagc tggtcttgaa ctcttggcct gaagcaatcc tcctgcctct gccttctaaa 11760 gtgctgggat cacagatgtg agccaccgca cccagccggg aaaaattatt taaactattt 11820 gaactgatct ctgaaggttc atatgtgtca catagtactt gcctctttat ttttctggat 11880 cccaaagtcc aaaatcaaag aacagagggg atgttgccta taaaagactg acatgcaggc 11940 ggggcttcta tgtaatgtgc ttctggggct ggtttcgctt ctcctcacag gtgtcctgtc 12000 tctcatcact tccactggtt gaaaagaaac caggacattt ggagtcaagg ctgaggcagg 12060 tcaggcagct gtggttatac tcatgtagac ctcatctcac ctccgcaacc aagcactggc 12120 cacagccgcc tcttagcctt caggcaattc attttaaagg cggctttagc aatagtatga 12180 cattacggtg tagaaatcta aaagaggagg ccgggtgcag tggctggcgc ctgtaatccc 12240 agcactttgg gaggctgagg cgggtggatc acctggggtc aggagtttga aactagcctg 12300 gccaatatgg tgaaaccctg tctctactta aaatacaaaa attagccggg catggtggta 12360 ggcgcctgta atcccagcta cttgggaggc tgaggcagga gaattgctcg aacccgggag 12420 gcagaggttg cagtgagccg agattgcgcc actgcactcc agcctgggag acaagagcaa 12480 gacttcatct gaaaaatgaa aaaaaaaaaa aaagaaatct caaagaggaa gctggatgag 12540 atgaagggga ggggctggtc gagagtaact gcagagggtt tgaggagtag aaatgatatc 12600 agagagggga agccacacta aggccttggg tagttgttca cagtgcaaca tattctctca 12660 gtgagttagc atcctggctt tcctggggca acccagtaac accacttcag tgatgtggaa 12720 aaacattgct gtccaagagg aattgaattc actggcttta gtgtctgtta ggagggaaag 12780 cctcatcgtg ctgagaaagc ggtcctccct gggccgggac catcccttca ttctctcaaa 12840 tgaacgcttg gatttgttac tgcctgataa gtcagaaatg tttggcttag atgttccctc 12900 aaccacaatg acttgaggaa cttaaggcaa atggaaaatg cttcctggat attgtaaagt 12960 ccaaaccttc tggaaatagt ttgaatgcat ttccatccct ccacaggcag ctgtttttct 13020 ctcacactag catgttccac tagcgtgtcc ccgtccctca ggccttccaa gctatctata 13080 tgtcggtaat tatgaaacag gttatttctg aagaagagac gctgcgtttc tgaagaaaaa 13140 gtcatggagt agctatttaa gaataacact ggtcttttgg agttgttgtt tcaggaagta 13200 ctgtagtatc tttttggtct tctgaaagaa aaagaaaaac gttgtgactg tgactttggc 13260 tctgtttatt ttacttttct tatctaaccc acacgacact gacaaatacc acatctgtct 13320 tgacaagcta gtttgcaaat aactattcat tcataatttt aggctattgt aagaatcctt 13380 atttgttact tcatcttgta agcaagaatg caaaatttgg ttttgagaaa gacactgaaa 13440 tgaccgcaag tccactggtc tttgcaaatc tctccatctg aaaaagatga ctgtgtactt 13500 tttagtggat tttcagagct ctaaaatatt tattgttgcc aaaacataga tgggaatttt 13560 ctgagaaata taatttaatt ttaaagtttt ggattcattt cagtgttggt aatgtcagtg 13620 cttcttagac caagtttatc agggattttt ctgtttacac cagatgtagc agtaactttg 13680 tcatttcttc tattttgatt ttttaaaaat atgatcattt attcccctat ctattggctt 13740 aatctcattt tcacttattt tcacttttgc tttgacatct tatggcaata tgactgcagt 13800 tgtttctact tcctttatag tgaactcttt tttttttttt tttttgagac ggagtctcgc 13860 tccgtcacct aggctggagt gcagtggtgc gatttcagct cactgcaagc tctgcctccg 13920 gggttcatgc cattcttctg cctcagcctc ccgagtagct gggactacag gcacccccca 13980 ccatgcccag ctaatttttt ttagtagaga cggggtttca ccgtgttagc caggatggtc 14040 tcagtctcct gacctcatga tctgcctgcc ttggcctccc aaagtgctgg gattacagtc 14100 gtgagccacc gcacccagca gtgaactctt gtaataaaac tgctggctta gaaactccag 14160 aaaagtgtga atgacttatt ctgattctac tttagacaga taaagaaaca atcacagatg 14220 gaggactttt ctgtgcaaag gatgggtggt ttggtcaagg aacggtcccc ccagaggtca 14280 gtcagggctt tctgtgggga aaatgtttct acattcaagt tcatccttgg cattttgggc 14340 tctgcaggtt aacgagaggg agacagagga aggagtgcac caaacctctg actcctacct 14400 ggaagtagcc aagcagaagc aaagctgaat aatagccatg acctcaggct ctgaagcagg 14460 aggttccacc ttcagatgga tctgttaaac ttcaccaccc tgggtttctt gtacctgtct 14520 tcactgtttt ctgtctgaga tatcttgagg catttttaaa acattaagtt gttttggata 14580 gtaatttagt cactcatttg tatctcttca tagtattaag ccttaggtta ttatgtgtgt 14640 taactaaaat cactgatcgg atctctaaac taagtcctga actgccatga ttccacctac 14700 taaacttaca cttttcttct acgtagaatg aggtgaccgg tgctagtttg tcctggagag 14760 agaggtattt cagaagaatt ccactgtcag aaaatatcac catcaataat gaaactatgt 14820 gtgtaaagtc atgtctaatt ttattaactg tttgtcacaa gtactcagat tatagaaaga 14880 gggtcttgat ctaagctgac cctgaattgt tatacatttg gatcagtttt ccctttcttg 14940 ctgagaattc tctaagaaga gtagaaactc attgtagttc agtgttggga ggaatgattg 15000 tacccactta cagagttgct atatcacaag agagatgcat tgtttgtttg tgtggagagg 15060 ctggagggat tagggcagga gcttatttga tagggagttt agttgtacat ttgtaagaca 15120 tctaatttta cttaagatat cattgcagta agaatggctt tatctctatc ctatagaccc 15180 tcacagtaga caaaaccact acctactcag aacaaatagc ccttatgagg gaataatttt 15240 tccttgattc acctgattgg attgttttga ggtcaaatga ggttctgtaa aaggccttgc 15300 taacctgtaa ggcataataa cctgtaccag ggttctcaaa ttttaccatg caaaataatt 15360 actgatgtac ctttataaat gtagattccc aagcctttgt cagccactcc aattcagatt 15420 ataattcagt tcgttttaag atgggctcca gaaacctgca tcttgataag gcggccaggt 15480 gatccttgtg cagatagttc agaaacatac tctggaaaca ctgtgtattt ttgttttgtt 15540 gctttatttc ttagctgtgt cattgcaggc aaaaataaac cccaacattg ttacagttaa 15600 ttaacttcct agtcatttaa ttactttgta aattacccat gcgaagtttt aattctagga 15660 ctgtttctat tttatgactt gtgttaccca tagtccccca tcataaatta gtgagtgcct 15720 gcgttcttct aaaaatatca ggtttctcac atgcacgtag tgaggggaac aacacacact 15780 ggggtctgtc agtggggatg gggtagggag agcatcagga ttcattgcta atgcatgcag 15840 ggcttgatac ctaggtgatg gggttgatag gtgcagcaaa ccaccatggc acacgtttac 15900 ctgtgtcaca aacctgcaca tcctgcacat gtatcccgga acttaaaata aaataaaata 15960 aaatttaaaa taaaaaaagt tatgtttgta agactataaa tgcctcagat tttgagaatt 16020 ctttacattt ctttgttaca aagccttttc gcatatatcc aaagcctcac tgttctaaac 16080 agagtgtatc catacctcag tgctgcttca atgatgtaga tgattgaaaa ctgatttttt 16140 ttcctttttc tgagacagag tctcactgtg tcacccaggc tggagtgcag tggtgtgatc 16200 tcagtttact gcaacctccg cctcctgggt tcaagcgatt cttctacctt agtctcctga 16260 gtaactggga ctacaggcac gtggcaccac acccagttca tttttgtatt tttagtagag 16320 acggagtttc accatattgg ccaggctggt ctcaaactcc tgacctcgtg gtctgcctgc 16380 ctcggcctcc caaagtgttg ggattatagg cgtgagccac cgcgcccggc ctgaaaactg 16440 attattttaa aactaaggtt tgctttctgt agactgaaca atcattagca tccttacatc 16500 tctatctcat tcatggtctt aacttctaag gcattggatc agcaccagag ctccctgtcc 16560 tcctgcctta cttaaaaaca aaaaagaaag aaaggaaaga aaagaaggga ttttaatgct 16620 gttttatagc agagtgaaag taaaccaaag gtgcatactt gagaactgca ggctggaaat 16680 tgcaagtgac aataattacc tcatcttatt cccacacaga cttcctatga cctgggtgac 16740 cttgggatct gaattctgtt taatagaatt gtccctcttc tgcaccacgg cgtacactgg 16800 cctgaagaag gtgctgtttc ccaggaaaag cacttaaatc cccccaagaa atgcataggg 16860 ccatagtttg aagaaaaagt attgctaacc aagtgactta ctctgcatat tctacctttc 16920 tctggttgta ttctttgaga tttttattta agataacttt cagcatctct ttttaaaggt 16980 cagatacgaa tgagaaaact ttgtctgact tgttaatctt gtgacaaacc gtttatatcc 17040 agtgtagctt cctgtctttg ctgactggtt atttgaggga attttcttcc tgtaagactg 17100 tggagaagcc tctaaaaata aacagcatgg tttcttattg gtgggaacat atgtgagcag 17160 atgtcagctg gaagcagcat atggtggcaa catgatagca gtatgtgctt atagaatccc 17220 cgctgttggg tcttcgtctt ccatgccaca ctggccagtc agagccccat atctcagtta 17280 aagagtgttc cgcctagaag gtgtaatcca cacatttgtg aaaaatctgc cactgggatc 17340 ttgatagtgg gctgaatatt ggacatggta agttccagag tatggaaaaa gtctttgtta 17400 tccatttaaa aatcaagtga taagaggcac acatatggca aaaataaaaa ataaatcaag 17460 agaagagtcc acaaagcctt tgtcttgtgt tgaaagaagt tttcaagtca ggtctgaata 17520 gtggcagtgt tacttctaga agacgtgctc tataaacatg gaaggtgcat ggactcccag 17580 tgtatgaaag gagccaggaa agaatgatat tcatgccagg ccctaatagg cagtcagggc 17640 ttcttttgtc acacaagtta gacaactgct catattcctt gaccaccttt tgtctgtcag 17700 tctgttttaa atatatcatc tcatttcaat tttataaaaa ccctcagagg cagggttacg 17760 tctgcctcat cttacagact tctccatgga ttcacaggaa atcagtgaca gaacaggggt 17820 ttgaattaac atcttcttct gcaaaaattc tatattttta ttgaccttac caccaatgga 17880 aaaagttttg aacactcagc aatatttcct cttcaatttg agatattttg tgggggaggg 17940 ggtgtgcttt cttttctaag aatatggtgg gcaaaataca aattgggttg ctgttacttt 18000 aaagaaagtg aagttcaaat tttccagatg taataactat tgtggaagat gcgtttagtc 18060 catttcagag agctctagct ttttaaactg taggtaagta gccccaaacc aatattcact 18120 tgtatttttg actcattcaa gaaggagttt tcacatgcgg gttagaaatg atgacaggtg 18180 gttttaagaa cactgaaatc taggccagcc aaatgaaaac caaagtttta ttcttaatcg 18240 gtagactgtc ttttgtcaaa ggaggtcaaa gcctttctta ttcatcttta atataaatca 18300 aggtatttat tttaccgttt cagtatgtaa attgtactct gttattttaa cattagaacg 18360 tgctaaaggg aaaactgaat tcaggagtct gactgctggt taagggatgc cagaagatct 18420 gggactaaaa tctggaatcc tccttagatc ctcagtgtct aatcccctgg ccccaggtag 18480 cagggacctt atttctgggg aaatgataag aacattcaat gagtccctct tctactttga 18540 atctttgtat agttctgtgc caggcatctc ttcagtaaaa tagctaatga ctgtgctttt 18600 taaaactcct agctgtctgc ccagttgtta caacaccctc tggctcagtg ggcagcttgt 18660 gctccagaca gtcccaggtg ctctgtgggt accttggtga gtacacttgt ctgctttatt 18720 cctcgtttga catagttata tcaaatccat ctttagtgtt tgtctcctgt ggggaacttg 18780 ccagaggcaa gatgagattc tgaaatgcag ccttgtacct gagcgatcac aaaggtgcct 18840 agaatttttt ttagtaagag tttacatgag aaaaactgat gaatagcttt gaagtaatgc 18900 aatgactata ttgcagcatg taaaagaatg acttgtgggg atgagatatg tgttttaggg 18960 gtcacagagt gatttgacat acacctttcc tgatccccat ggaggccact ctctggaggg 19020 ttggacagca tggcctgaat gtcaagggaa tgttcctttt tatatcttta tttgtatcta 19080 tgttcttgtt cttgacacat agtagttgct caattaatgt ttcttgtcct gaaccaaagt 19140 gaaaggagat tttctctcct ttaaggttct agagcaagct tgtccaaccc tcggcctgca 19200 tgcagtccag gatggccttg aatgcggccc aatgtaaatt tgtaaatttt cttaaaaaat 19260 tatgagattt ttttttgcaa tatttttaaa gcttatcagc tatcgttagt gttagtctat 19320 tttatgtgtg gcccaagaca attcttgttt ttccagtgag gcccagggaa gctgaaagat 19380 tggacgcccc tgctctagag ggagacctgt cggggagtta tgctgctgat tatttgtgac 19440 ctttgtattg acatgtctcg tttgcttaag gaaatggatc gtcatgggtc aggccctcag 19500 ccaactggac ctgtgagctt gccacttgct caaaccactt agccctgacc ctcggagcag 19560 gtgcaagctc ctcagagcca gcaccaggtg ttaggctgag gggtacaaaa gccagaagtc 19620 ctcaaccctt tcttattggg aacactgatt aattcagcca tttattgaat gcttactata 19680 tgctggacga tgagtccaca acaaagaata gagcttgggt gatcctgacg ctcaaggaat 19740 tcagtggcta aagttatccc tgaaccatgc tcaggaaaaa aggaaacaga cttgcaatcc 19800 tggcattggt tcactgcata tttttgaggc cctgagaagg tttggattat gttgattcta 19860 agtgtgggtg gaggtcccgg ctagagacaa aagaaatgtt tttattatcc taggaaaagc 19920 ctaggtcact ggatacccta ttctgcaatg tatcatgcct acacattgtt ggttagaaat 19980 cagtatagtt tatttacagt ggcctaagct ggggtttcct caaaaagaac tcattctgtt 20040 gagaatatac gttgatttta gtacagagag cctcaaagtg gctacaagct gcaatgtgaa 20100 taaaaagagt gaaaagttta atcatgcctt taaagctccc gtttgtgagt cattacgttt 20160 tgtttttata ctctaaattc taattttatt tcactagctc aaccaaggag ttaaacatct 20220 gattttttcc ccctagctaa ctggctattt ggaaaggaaa acgggaggga atgagagaaa 20280 gaaaacattt gttgaatacc ccctatgtcc ctggtactta agacacatca tcctaatttt 20340 ccccacattg gttggtcagg gagggccaga atgacgatcc ccatttttta ggaaatcgtg 20400 gtttggagag gtaaacacct tgtccttggt cacagagctg gctggtgaca gagccaaaat 20460 ctgaattcag gtctggccca gatgccacca taccacagag accccaaact tttcccccct 20520 tttttggctt ttcctttgga atcctgtcct gttaattttg taactttctt gcctactact 20580 tgggattaat ttccttttca tcttttcctc ccatagtaaa caaagtgaga ggcctaccct 20640 ggttcttcgg gcggtttttc ttctcagaca ctcctcactt ggggttattt tcggtcactt 20700 aattgctgcg agcttctgtc ttcctttggt gaaaaagcat tggaaaccca ccctgctcct 20760 cagcgagtca gggaaaatca ggagtgtctg agggtgtgga aggggagatg gggcgcaagc 20820 tccacataga ttcccataac agtgggaggc tcttccacct tgcctagctc gcaggctctg 20880 gaaaaaccct gcagacccct ttcagacctt ccctgcaagg ctgctgagca gtggggctct 20940 gcattttttt ttttttttgt ctctgttctt agaaatagta attgagtaaa aatgtaagtg 21000 agtgtatgcc agggggcagg catccagggt cagggtgaat ttctccatgc tgagtgtgat 21060 tctgaacact cgttaagtga agttggcctg tgccaagcag ctccagggcc atccctgtca 21120 ccttgcgtga accgcctctc cattccaagg agatgttggg agcggctgaa gtgagcgtga 21180 ggcctgtggc gcctcttgct tttctcactc taacctgggt gttgttgata acgacgtgtt 21240 ctgacactga caattggact ggcagctctg atgctgcatc agctttaaat taaataccct 21300 ggaggagaaa atagtccatg ctcctcacag ccatgtgact gcgaaatcat ttttctcttt 21360 tcaagcttat tatccccaat aatattggtt aagatgtggt tagcctgcct aaaggttttc 21420 ctattaagac ataagaatcc agtgtgtaag cagtagagat aagtctctct atgaaggaat 21480 ggattaatag tcatgaaggc aaatataatt ttttaaaaag agtatttact gaataagagg 21540 cttttaagta acttggttaa gatttaaagg tggtatttct ctctctctct ctttttttag 21600 agacagagac aaggtctctc tgttgtccag gctggagtgt ggtagcatga tcatagctca 21660 ctgtaacctc taactcctgg gctgaagcaa tcctcccacc ccagcctcct gagtagctag 21720 gaccacaagt gtgcaccacc acactggcta attaaaaaaa aaattttttt ttagagatgg 21780 ggtcttgcta tattgcccag gctgggctca aacttctgac ctcacacagt cctcctgcct 21840 cagccttctg aagtgcagcg attataagac atgagccact gcgcctgacc cgaggtggtg 21900 tttctcaaag tgtgatatgc atttctgtct cctgggacat ccatcagatt tcttggcccc 21960 atttcagagc tgccaagtca gaatcactgg ggtgggtgga gctgaggact ctgcacattt 22020 taaacaggca ctgcaggtgc ttctgacgtc actaaagttt gcagctgctc aagtcaaagg 22080 atgctctgat tatgcacatc tgtttactca gtcataccac atggatggat tcagatccag 22140 tggactctct gtttgatcag ctggtccttc aagtgtgacc ctgaacctac agcccctgtg 22200 gagtttttgc cacgtgcttt ccattttccc aaatgcaggc aaatattgag gtagttttta 22260 ataatattac ttgttattaa gagtaccaca cataccctct gctcactgtt catcacagag 22320 gagaacaatg agtgtgcaag gaagtaaatt aatcgtgtgt gggtgttgga tgttatgtat 22380 ttctgcactc agatgccttc aaccgggcaa cggtggagtg gggaagggac tttcaaagct 22440 agtgtttaat gcataagtga cacataccat gtataaggta atatgtaatt ccctgaggta 22500 gcatttggcc aaagcgctgc tgacctcttg gtggcctgaa tcgtgttctg agacattcca 22560 tggggtaagg acctagcaaa caatggaatg taaactttac tatctcagcc aaactcagct 22620 ttgggtaact gcaggtttct ctttccaaac agtgttttgt tcaaccagag gcattagagc 22680 aggcaagaat ctgaccaacc tattaagaag caaagttaat gataaatcac ttggtatttt 22740 ctttgtgcaa ccctgtgccc cctggtattc tgatgttttt gaaccaccta atactttgaa 22800 gacaactgta cagtatggat attctataac taccgtagat tttttggcta ttgaactatt 22860 tacagaaata cccagttctc gtatgtggtc tacatcacta aataatctga ttgaagtgtg 22920 agaagaatga cttgatagtg ttcattttac ctccgcataa gtcttcagtt aaaagagctg 22980 tacattaact gcaaatacag atataatttt aagataaatg tcaaatgcat gtagagacct 23040 ttggaagaga aaggtgaaga gaggacgttc attttttttc ttcttcttct ttttgagatg 23100 gagtctcgct cctcgctctg tcaccaggct agaaggcagt ggtccatctc agcttactgc 23160 aacctccgcc tcccaggttc aagcaattct cctgcctcag cctcctgagt agctgggact 23220 acagccgcac gccgccactc ccagctaatt tttgtatttt tagtagcgac agggtctcac 23280 catcttggca agtatggtct cgatctcttg acctcgtgat ccgcctgcct cagcctccca 23340 aagtgctgga atcacaggca tgagccaccg tgcccggctg aagagaggac attcttatga 23400 tatattagtt cattcagctg tatttatttt attttatttt gagacggagt ttcactcttg 23460 ttgcccaggc tggagtacag cagcgtgatc tcggctcact gcgacctcca ccacccgggt 23520 tcaagcaatt ctcctgcctg aatctcccga gtagctggga ttacaggcac acaccaccac 23580 acctggctaa tttttagtag agacggggtt tcaccatgtt ggccccactg gtctcgaact 23640 cctaaactca ggtgatccac ccaccttggc atcccaaaat gctgggatta caggcatgag 23700 ccaccgtgcc cggcctattc agctgtgttt attgagtatt tacttgtatc aggcagcagt 23760 ctagctgcta gtgaattgaa tagcaaaaat ccttgcccat ggggagctta cattctggtg 23820 gcataggata gataatcaat aataaagatg aaataagaat ttagaattgg ataaatgttt 23880 tgcaggggaa gtagagattg gtcacaggga tgaggatgtg aggtgtaatt ttatataagc 23940 tgggcatgga tgaatttgtt aagaagggag tgcatgtaag cagacacttg aaggatgtta 24000 gagagtaatc tgggactacc tggggaaggg cattctattc tgttccattc tggcagaggg 24060 aatagctggt tctgttgtga catgttcaag gattgtcaaa agtatcctag ggatgagatt 24120 agagagataa tgagggataa gtgatgtggg gccttgtagg ccatcatcaa gtctgtggct 24180 tttcctctga ctaaaacgga gagaagagtg gttttagcca gaggtccgtg tagatgttaa 24240 gaatggtatg ttgggccggg caaggtggct catgtctgta atcccaccac tttgggaggc 24300 agaggcgggt ggatctcaag gtcaagagat cgagtccatc ggggccaaca tggtgaaacc 24360 ctgtctctac taaaaataca aaaattagct gggcatggtg gcatgcatct gtagtcccag 24420 ctactcagga ggctgagaca ggagaatcac ttcaaccccg gaggtggagg ttgcagtaag 24480 ccgagatcgt gcctcttcac tccagcctgg gcaacaaagc aagattccgt ctcagaaaaa 24540 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aatggtatgt tgaatggcca aggtggaagt 24600 aggaaattca gtgaggaggt cttcgtgatg catcaggatg gcacttggca actgcatttc 24660 tatagcaaga atctcaaaca gacctgcctt atgctgagtt tttcctttag caaacagttt 24720 gataggcagg ctacagtggg ttttgtattt agaaaatgtt tttctgtttg atggttttta 24780 gttaatagtc cttagttatt ggcaactcac ccccttcctt tctgaggagc agccagttct 24840 gcagccttct gtgtgtgaaa ataacccctt gggtctccca tcttgtgctc acgcatgtgg 24900 aatggcagct actggagttc gtactcgcgg tgaagcctag tcatggccgt ctttgacatg 24960 atggccaggg acatgtggca ctatacccat agctgaccat actttggcct aggagaatgt 25020 caaactgcct tttccggtgt gaaatagaaa gtcaagcttg gaaggatcct tctttggatc 25080 tgtccagctg tgctctgcat gcaatagaag ggcttttgcc taaactttga aatgaggtca 25140 taagccagag aatttgtaaa actatgtctc ttatcagtca aaaagaattt ctgtgggact 25200 gaagtttgct ttctaattct taagctttga acaggaagac tttacacggg gatgttggtg 25260 ttatttcttc atccatctgt acaagaaaca tgagttgagc ctactgtgtg ccaggtgata 25320 ggtgtaagaa aactgcatag atcctgtcct cagggagcct gcacttagtg aggaagtcag 25380 gcagactaaa ccaaccaaac agaaacaaaa agccaaccct gtggttgatg acaaggaaag 25440 catctgagag gccagaaaaa gaattgtaca acttggccta gtggtgaagg aagccttact 25500 gggggagatg atatttacct cttgaaagat ggcctttgag attgtagttt ggtagtcatc 25560 aagcagcaat agaaaactgc ttatgttttc tggaaggaga tttgcccctt catgtaattt 25620 ctttctctgt gagtttgcat gactactgtc ttaatgagtc atgaaacacc aagaaatgct 25680 tagtgtggtc tttgaaaaaa ttgatgtatt tttacaaggg aacaactttg aaatactgag 25740 actagagaat aggacaatat ggttacatca agtatttgtt attcaaagtt gatatattca 25800 gaagacataa tgggcctatt gtatataaac atccatgtga tgatatagta tactgggact 25860 ctggaatttg gcattatttt ataagctcag ggtcactgtc tagagctttt ctctcaatct 25920 cagtgagtga taaacagcac aggtttctcg cacgttcata tagatggcct tgtgggatgg 25980 ctgtggctct gttccatgag ctctttattc caggaccagg gcttagggag cagcccctaa 26040 cccaggcatg ctgacctcat ggcagaacca ggagatgtgg cagttgtctt tacccacatt 26100 ccattagcca aagcaggtca catggccaca catgatttca gtagagtagg aattgggtac 26160 aagggagaga ggctgtgggg atgggcccag gggagaggga cagccagcat tttgaacaaa 26220 tgatacagtc taccacagtg taggtggagg agttggggaa cagggaaagg tttcgcccac 26280 tttaaaaaaa ctttctggct gggcgcagtg gctcgtgcct gtaatcccag ctctttggaa 26340 ggcccggtgg gaggatcact tgagcccagg agtttgagac aagcctgggc aacatggtga 26400 aaccccatct ttacaaaaaa tacaaaaaat agccgggcct aatgtggcac gtgcctgtgg 26460 tcccagctat tcaggaggct gaggtgggag ggtcacttga tcccgggagt tggaaggtgc 26520 agtgagccga gatcgcacta ctgcactcca gcctgggcga tagaggggag accctgtctc 26580 aatcaatcaa taaataaata aaaatttaaa aacagaaaag aaaaactttc tgttttgtgg 26640 atatgacatg attggatcca cactattgct gtgtctgtgg gaatatgggg cactttattg 26700 aaatatgaat atttactgca tatttggttg gttttataag acatgcatca tgttatttcc 26760 ctccattttc attaatgcca ttctcctcca atcaagatga gtttatctat tttaaaaggc 26820 cctgttggca gtaccaggtt tctaaagcaa gtcctgatac gttatatgga gtttatgtat 26880 gtccggcaga ctctgaaact caggcttacc tccaaagcat gcagtgatat ctttgagcct 26940 taggtcctag attgtcactc tggtcctgat atgtctggca gtgtctgata gatgttgtcc 27000 acaataagaa ttcaggcgag tttccatgag gttctgtaga tgtttagctg tttgccagaa 27060 ggagcatggc tttcctgttt cttatctgtc ttgtgcgagt tccatgccat cttaaacagt 27120 gtgtaccatg tagttcccta gaaccccatc tataacttga accttagtct cttgagaatg 27180 acccaccagg gtgattgttt agagccacgt tcctacctgt tgtttccggt gagcaaactg 27240 gaaagtaacc ctgcctggca tggggtgtct gctgtgtaac cctcaacaca gtgacagtga 27300 tctgctctga ccgtccctga gcgtgctagg tagctcaggg cttgcaagtt cataaataat 27360 tatctccaca gcctattctt agtagcaaca gatgctgagc ttttccagcc tgctctcggg 27420 gtcagtggtg ggaaagagaa gaaaaaaaat gaaagcattg ttttgcacat ggctggacat 27480 ctgtatttct gaattgccct gttgtgtgta tgatgcaact gctggagctg ttttgctgaa 27540 tgtgaacttt gtcaaccgac tggagtctaa attggttttg gatccctctg aaatctaaat 27600 ggtcagacca tatttttcta atattcagct ggattgtatc tttgctctga agtggagctg 27660 acttcgtatg tgttcacagt ggcagcaggg gttgcttctc tgttttcctg gtctgtgttg 27720 tttgttttcc caagactgct gcttaccttg tccattgtct atactcagga gaccaggaag 27780 gtaactccct atggaactgt ggccactggg acttcaagga tcgttaactc tagtgttatt 27840 gttaggaaga gagcagactg tttttcagaa atgaaacagg tgaagcacca agaatagcta 27900 acctactagg tgcactggta ccatggcaaa gacttggact tggacttggg atatccaagc 27960 acttaggttc tttgttggga gctttgacag tcaaggctga tgtttctgtt tggtaggcca 28020 cacccaaccc ncagggtccc cgtcggccac ttttcccagg ccagccccta tgttccggtt 28080 gggcacctgt aatccacagg ttcccaactt cactaatgat cagaatcacc tggggagcac 28140 ttaacatatt acttatattc ctcaggccag agtccaactc cagaaattct gactccgttg 28200 gtctggagtg ggactttgca tctttagttt tagaaagttt cccggctggg cacggtggct 28260 cacgcctgta atcccagcac tttgggagac tgaggtgggc ggatcacctg aggtcaggag 28320 ttcaagacca gcctgatcac catggacaaa ccccatctct actaaaaata caaaaaatta 28380 gctaggagtg gtggcacatg cctgtaatcc cagctactcg ggaggctgag gtaggagaat 28440 cgcttgaatc tgggaggcgg aggttgtggt gagctgagat cgcgccactg cactccaccc 28500 tgggcaaaaa gagcaaagct ccgtctcaaa aaaaagtttc ccaggagatt ctaatgtgca 28560 actggagttg agaacctgta ttttggaggc ttacaaagct tttaataaaa ctgtgtggct 28620 gtgtctagat atccatgtta ggttttgagt gaatttctgc atgaagaaaa gacatctatt 28680 tgggtggtga tgttgatggt tggggcagtg gatcctgtct tttataacaa tatgattagt 28740 aataataata tgactaatat gattgtaata tgattagtaa taatatcact aatatgatta 28800 gtaatatgat tagttataat atgattatat tactaatcat attgttaata atactaacta 28860 tcagttatgg aatagttata ttaggctctg ggctaatctc catattagca ctatatataa 28920 acactattat tattctaaat tttataaata aggaaactga ggtgtagtaa catcacgtgt 28980 aatttcctca cgatcacaca gctgtctgac tccaaagctc atcctattca tcactcctcc 29040 aagatgatta atttccattt aaataaggaa aatgtggatt aaagaatgag aagtctaaaa 29100 aggagaatcc tctgagtgag aaccatatgc atctgtatgt gtcagggcat cattctcttc 29160 tgataaaagg aaaaaaaaga caagtctgga tgtgtttctt tttttctctt aaatgcagta 29220 tttttttcct aagaacctgt gaaagttcaa ggcaggcagt agaacccaag ggcttgcata 29280 ctggtattgg aattaagcag tggcctctga gcttagctca tgcatgctct tcatgttcct 29340 cattagaaga atgaaaatag cttcttatgt gaatctatat ggaggatgag tgtgtgctta 29400 cagttatttt cttgtctagg ctgggtaata attagagtgg gcaatataaa ctccagtgtt 29460 ttcattttgt tccctgaata ggacaactgt tttgttgttg cttttgttgt tggcagattt 29520 gtaaatcaga gtacatactt cttacttaaa ggactgtgtt aattctctaa tgcctgttaa 29580 aagattagaa tagtaccagc acctatcaat aagcaggatc ctggaaattc catagccagt 29640 tcctgatagg ccccatactt atgaaggaat gttacattga ggcatccaat aaatatttat 29700 taaatgagag agtgaatgaa tttttgcaca tatgtaccat aacagaaata gcaccccacg 29760 tattgctaag gacttcttgg gaaaggagag tgattttagt caattgctat gctcccagtt 29820 tctccacggg gcccccgtgg tctgctgacc aactcctaat tgcctaccag aagcagttct 29880 ctgtacacta aacatagcaa tattagtagg cttttaaaaa atcttatcat cacaagcttc 29940 cgtttatatc tctcagcctt gatgaaagga agctgacttt tgctttactc taagtagcat 30000 tcttcatatt acaagttaga aaaagttctg ttgtccccag ggcacataag gaacaggaga 30060 gaagttgctt gccagcccat gtgaaagatg agaagcccaa cttggattca ttcatgtccc 30120 ctgctacagg gacacctgga tgagaccctg ctccctctgt gagttcaaac tgctgtcact 30180 ggagttataa agggacattt aggcttgtgt tcttgggtct gtagccagac agcacaagta 30240 tttttagggc tctttttgtc tcaatctgat ttctgcttga aactttaaca catgcaggct 30300 tcactgaaat acttttaaac tactctctgg gcagtgtagg aggggttgga ttagtactac 30360 agcctttaaa cagttcaaaa aaagattttt ttttattgct aaatatccaa caggctgaac 30420 ggaggaaatt caagtctaac cctggaggga cccctgttta gtcatctgtc tagacagacg 30480 agttcatata atgggcctct atgtttcttt tgctttgtat aacagacggt ggtcccttcc 30540 tttaaacttt gtgaagatgt caacctttgg ttttttttat cccaacctgc tgttgataag 30600 ccaagaaagt gactcacaca tgagccaaca ataactcttg agtgtgacaa ttagtcttac 30660 aattgagtag caagaaaata taggatttgc atacagggga cctgggtaaa atcctgactg 30720 tgtaacatcg agaaagtcag ttaccctttc tgaacttttt tttttttcct aaaatgagag 30780 ttaattaaaa aaaaaaaacc caacattatt tcttaatggt tcttcaaaag aagaaattat 30840 ctaacacaga aaaatgtttt tcacatggta gaggctgagt aaattgtcat tcattcaatc 30900 aatcatttta aggtgatcat tgaagacttt agcatttttg ctttcttatt ctgaaaacca 30960 tagaaaaact agaaattcta gcccatattt taaatctcat gtcagcatac attgagaaca 31020 gcgagtgctt ttttttcagt ctagaaaaga agaaaagtgg taccaatttc tgtgagagga 31080 agataatatt ggagatagta ttttaaaata cgggatattg agggaggagg gagagcatca 31140 ggaggaatag ctaatggatg ctggccttaa tacctaggtg atgggatgat ctgtgcaaca 31200 aaccaccatg gcacgtttac ctatgtaaca aaccttcaca tcctgcatat gtacccctga 31260 acttaagaag ttgaagaaaa aatatgggat atctataatt tatattcata agttgaatgt 31320 atagaatcaa agggaggatt ggtggttgcc aggggctgta gcgaagggga aatgaggagt 31380 tactaataaa tgggcctaaa gtttcagttg agcaagatga ataagatcta gagagctgct 31440 gcacaacgtc gtacccacag tcaacaataa tagattgcac acttaaaaat gtggtaagtg 31500 cgtacatctc ccgttaagtg ttcttacaca atagaattta aaatattgtt agaagtgaat 31560 aaggcagaat gacattcttt atcttgttag gagggctgga agctcagacc ttgcatgaaa 31620 ggacaatgtg tgttagtaat gatttctaca accaggcgga acatcagcca cctcaattcc 31680 ttgtcatttc actttaagct ctgcctggat ggttcctgaa aaccatgacc tacaaaattt 31740 tgttttattc tatttaattc agttataatt caccaagcat atactgcctt aagaatttgg 31800 tgcctgaatt atgcagatga ataaaaaatg agataggtag ggatgagtcc ctcttggaag 31860 aggcatcacc aacagctcag agagtactag gaccatacaa cctaggttta agtggaggcc 31920 ttactgtttc cagttccata gcaccgggca agttccctct ttaagcctca gtttcttatc 31980 ccccacctaa gtgggatgaa tccagatgtg tacctgacag ctgatgtgct cccagtagct 32040 agtaacattg cttttgctgt tatgcttatt ctttttattg ttattactat attatccctg 32100 ccctcaagta gcttatagcc tatttgtgga gacccatttg tacacactac cctgcacaaa 32160 gcagaaaaat taaaaaactg ctgaatgaca tttacaagca aagttcaatc caaacacata 32220 ggaagatggt tggttaatga aaccagcttt gtttgttttg agacacggtc ttgctctgtt 32280 gcccaggctg gagtgcagtg gtgtaatgat agctcactgc agccttgacc tcctgggctc 32340 aagtgactct cccacctcag cctaggaggt tagctgggac tacagatgat gccaccacac 32400 ctggctaatt taaaaaaaaa aatttttata gagatgaggt ctcactttgt tgcccgggct 32460 ggtctcagac tcctgggctc aagggatcct cctaaagtgc tgggattaca ggcgtgagcc 32520 actgtgccca gctgaaacca acttttagga gaagcagtcc ctaccatgcc tagaacaacg 32580 tgtatttctt aagtgcttag ccacagcctt aaagtgaaag ggaaatagaa aaatcagcct 32640 cctctttagc tggtacagga cagaagcaaa acatagatat ctatgttgat agcataactt 32700 ttcacatttt gtagtatagt tcatgacatt ctcagacact gaaattccat tggaacccag 32760 tgctttacgt ggctttgaat atggtatgtg tgagtcatgt ctctttcaat acaactgcaa 32820 tcaataaaaa ccccagtaaa atgtggttaa ccacaagggc atccctcccc accagctcca 32880 cccccaaatc agcactatga ttcattcaat gtagtcctcc tccccctaat gtattttaca 32940 ttgggagata cttatgcttc ctcagcacaa aaatcagaaa tcctactctt ctgctggtcg 33000 cctgccccta tgttgtgccg tcttgcccca cccccgaccc ctgggaagtc cagtcgtggc 33060 ctataccctg ggtagctgtg gctggggaga aactctgccc agtttcatgc agaagcagga 33120 cagatgcttc caaaggatgc agtctgaggt cccagaagac cttactgaga aaaaagtctt 33180 ttcttctttc ttactaatat aaccccagca tccatcttcc tgtgtcttcc ttaaattgaa 33240 tcctgagatg aggcttccca tttgccacca cctccttcgt tttaattcat tacatatatt 33300 atagtgtgtt tgtttgtttg tttgtttgtt tgtttgtttt tgatacagag ccttgctctg 33360 tttcccaggc tggagtgcag tggtgccatc ttggctcact gcaaccgccg cctcccgggt 33420 tcaagcaatt ctcctgcctt agtctcctga gtagctggga ttacaggccc ctgtcactat 33480 gcctggctaa ttttggattt atttatttat ttatttattt atttatttat ttatttaaga 33540 tggagtcttg ctctgtcgca ccaggcactc tatgagtgca atggtgcgat ctcagctcac 33600 tgcaacctcc gcctcccggg ttcatgtgat tctcctgcct cagcctctcg agtagttggg 33660 attacaggcg cccgccactg cgcccaggta atttttgcat ttttagtaga gacggggttt 33720 cgccatgttg gccaggctgg tttcgaagtc ctgacctcag gtgatccgcc cgcctcggcc 33780 tcccaaagtg ctgggattac aggcgtgagc tactgcaccc ggccattttt tgggtatttt 33840 tagtagagac gaggtttcac catgttggcc aggctagtct cgaacttctg acctcaagtg 33900 ctcctccccc ctcggcctcc caaagtgctg ggattataga tgtgagccac cgtgcccagc 33960 ctgttcattt tgctgttgag acagagtctc actctgccac ccagtctggg gtgcagggac 34020 catagctcac tgcagcctgg aactcctggc cccaaaggat ccttccgcct caacctccta 34080 gagtgctggg atcacagggg tgctacacca cacccggcct gttttttttt ttcttataca 34140 gaagggacct gaggaaacaa tatgcattgt gagtgcacac cagagggata gagaaaggca 34200 gacaaggaaa ggagaggaaa ggcgggtaat ggaagaagag gtgtggcaag ggcagcagcc 34260 ttcacattgc ttcctcgctg ggtctgtggc tattaccctc ctgagcagca ccttctcagg 34320 ccagctaggt ctagaaagct gtctgccagc agattctagt tgtcatccca gcagtcctta 34380 aaacatgacc tgccacccac aagggaaatc tggtctcatt agtaccttta attataaaag 34440 cagaccgaga acacatggta ccttttcttt ctttctttct tttttttttt tcttttttag 34500 agacggagtc tcactctgtc acccaggctg gagtgcagtg gtgcgatctc ggctcactgc 34560 aagctccgcc tcccgggttc acgccattct cctgcctcag cctcctgagt agctgggact 34620 acaggcgccc gccaccacac ctggctaatt tttttgtatt tttagtagag acagggtttc 34680 accgtggttc gccaggatgg cctcgatctc ctgacctcat gatccacccg ccttggcctc 34740 ccaaagtgct gggattacag gcgtgagcca ccgtgcccgg ccagtacctt ttctttattt 34800 tttaatttta tttctttttc tttctttctt tctttctttt tttttttttt acttctgcga 34860 gcctggaaca tcttttcttt aatttgatgc tgtctttctt cctctctaat gctcaaatct 34920 agctttcata ttttttctca aggttgtcat ttgacaggag gttttattta aaagttctga 34980 ggttaaatac ctggaagata agatgaagcc agttgaaaac agtgtccttt ttctgttctc 35040 atgcctgaga gaagttcagt cagtcctgat ttttcaatcg gggtagacca aagtttaagt 35100 cagctggctg tgatacaatc ttattttacc attttctttc acatgctttt agttaatgga 35160 ggaagctggg tcttaaaata tccaattgca tttaacttct tttacttact taaggaacca 35220 gttacccttt gataagtacc tatgtctagt tccttttatc cacagttggt atttagtcaa 35280 taataacaat aacaacaata ataataccga tgcggtgctt catatactcc aggcactctt 35340 ctaaacactt ttagagacat cgatattcat ttgatcctgg caataatagg tattattact 35400 ctctttgttt cacatgtgag gaaaccaagg cagagagaga ttaaataact tgcccaagct 35460 gtgagatagt agagctgaga catttaccta tcaaagtcgc tgccatcgtc agcactcact 35520 cgcattcatt ggaagctcaa gtcggtgacc aatcatgtgt ccctaaagca gcagtacagt 35580 gtaatgatta agggcacaaa ctctggaatg aaaatggcct aggtttgtgt gtttggggac 35640 ggacattcca ctctagaagt agattccacc tggcctaaaa tgtgtaaatc actgtgctat 35700 cacaccaagt tagaaactca catggtgcac acacatgcta agctccttac agtctgaaac 35760 tggcaacagt aatcagcatg caaagttctc tttagatggc ctgttttttt tttcctagct 35820 aacccctttg attagcaaat agtacaaatg tttatagagt tggaagattt ttaatatctt 35880 tatttgaatt gcacaaagca gccaaatgta gtttggccct aggctgcaga gtatatgtgt 35940 ccgggtgcca agaagcaact gcactccgcc tgggatgcca agcattccag acctgttacc 36000 ttgtaagtgt aatatttacc agatttttgc ttcatctgga gatgaagagc agagatgaat 36060 agagtggggg tgggtcaggc tgctgggaag ggagctcagt gttgagagga atccctgaat 36120 gagtaggtag ctgggaaggg aacagagatt tgccagaaaa agcccttttg ctggcaactt 36180 ggaatctagg aaaaaataac agaggctaac atgctggggt gcttaccatg tgccaggcat 36240 agtgccaaat gttctgcttt catgagccta tctcatcctt tcaattctat gagatagatg 36300 ctattattat ccctactttg tagatgggaa aagtgcagct gagagagtta attacccaag 36360 atcaattctc ttctgttcca aggtctcttt gttactttag taaaactagt acagaacaag 36420 gaatgacagt gcatcaagcc gaaccccaac aagtcaaggc acttacagta tcttctgttg 36480 gttcttactt tctctaacct tcgcaactgc cctgaaagtt aggtgttgtt aacattttac 36540 agacgaggaa actgaggcct tagagcttaa gatatttgcc aaaggcacat ttttgttttt 36600 gtttttgttt tttttttttt ttgagacaga gtctcgctct gttgcccatt ttggattgaa 36660 gtggcacagt cttggctcac tgcaagctcc gcctcccggg ttcacgccat tctcctgcct 36720 cagcctcctg agtaggtggg actacaggca accgccacca agcccagcta atttttgtat 36780 ttttagtaga gacggggttt caccttgtta gccaggatgg tctggatctc ctgacctcgt 36840 gatccacccg cctcggcctc ccaaagtgct gggagtacag gtgtgagcca cagcgcccga 36900 ctgaaaggcc agatttttaa gtggtaaatc caggagtaga atctgggtct gctgaatccc 36960 acatcttaaa tctctttgtg ttcaaacatg acgtcttcat taggcaccag tgacaagatc 37020 acaaataaaa caaaactcta tctctggaca agctcaattt tctgcgatgt tcctaaaagg 37080 gaaggggatt gaggcagagc tccaggtagc ttgtactgaa tcctgtgtgt gaataaacag 37140 aggtagtaga tgagatagtg ctactaggtg tgtgtgtagg ggtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtgca 37200 cacgcgcgtg cctatgcaca caatggggca gttgtaggct ggagcaggga agatttattt 37260 ttaaattgaa gaaattagta gttgccagag aagcacatgt gcaatgtctt atgttttact 37320 ttcatcatct ctccatctga tgaataaatt ttaaggggat tcctgcaggt cagcagaaag 37380 agagggtgaa atctagccct agttctttgc tgcccttacc agatggaggc caccattaaa 37440 gccctcaact caactgaaaa aaaaaatttt atgaagtatt tttgtgaaaa ttaagctata 37500 gcattggaaa ccactcttta catccccctc cccacctcct gcagtgctca aagctgtctt 37560 ccaaggaagc tggaaatata agtagaaaaa atatcttgcc cagaggcccc tggcaagagc 37620 tcttaatcag ctactggtac ctttgctttt ggggactgta gctttggttg agtctcaccc 37680 aaaaatcaat gtttttagct gaaggcggaa aattataaaa gcaaaggtgt gaagtgaagc 37740 tctttggtta gtgctgtcag tggaagaaca gtcaccccag tggagtaata ggtgccccaa 37800 gacacataca cacgcttgag caggaccact gattcatcca ggcgctcgct gatgtgagac 37860 tgataaagtg acttattttt aagcagttga tcatacttct gaattaaagt attcatagat 37920 tattcagaaa taataaattt gttttgtgga aagtgagatt tttttttctc tacttacttc 37980 acagtaccac catgtcccac tggacatttg gacacatagg aactgaattc aagggatgat 38040 tttctatcac ttgaaatctt aaagtagaag agagatggag tgatttgctt gtgatgaatc 38100 agccagtctc tgggtaaaaa agtcaggact aggaaaacaa ggactaaagt cacaaacttc 38160 tgctcccaac acaatcacta agatcacctt caaatgccac ttctactttc cgtaggagtt 38220 ctagtctttc atgagtattc aattttaagc actggtggtc tatatggagg tatgaggtgg 38280 tgtttctctt ttggctactc atctcaaatt ttgaaaataa atgttcatgg gggtaagaag 38340 attgttttat gacactagcc tactgtaaat tctttttgga gtcttcttga aaatatttga 38400 gtttttaaat taaacactag gtgataagga aaggtttcaa gggaggataa agttaaaaag 38460 aaaggcaatt cccaacgaag aggaaagaaa cctatgtgat ggagtcttaa gcttttgtat 38520 tctgcccttg gatattacag caaggcccta ggactggatt tatgatgcaa ccaggggttt 38580 aattagaaga ctatgagctc gaatggagcc acatttagac agaatctgaa acctctgttt 38640 tgtcaatgca taattctaca ggaatttgca agtgaccttt atttttttag gagggtccaa 38700 aattcaaagc tggaaagcat gtgtcctttt taatgtatag tctattgcaa atatgaatct 38760 gcctttagaa aaacacaaga ccattttaaa atgcaataat agggctgcta atttgccctt 38820 cagaagtcat ttttcatttt ctttgttggg aaagcaggtg catgagaagt gtgtgtatgt 38880 ggggggtgtg ggggagaggg agagtgtcct cagtgttcat tgtcacacag ccctcaagtg 38940 gcttcacagg cagaaagtcc tagcaagaaa tggcagtcct tgcagaagcc ctttgtccct 39000 tcagccatac tgtttgtgag tttttttact gaaggatttt cacacagcta cgtggcgaag 39060 gacttgcgag atttgattat atatcccatg agtcaggttt cgatgggtta cagattgcaa 39120 taaaatcaac cacaggcttt ggaaaaactt tccatgaaag gcattttaga ctaagaaata 39180 ttggctttgg atttccccat ctagaaaggt agagagtaaa catgtactga caaaaaagca 39240 ccacattcgg gatcccgaaa ataattgtga aacaacacaa gaatgctttt cctcctccct 39300 ttccttcctt tccacgtcac agagtttgtc atttatgacg attttgtggt tgttttaaca 39360 gttctgtgaa aatgagatac agagaaagta tttttaagat ttatttaaat aatataaggt 39420 cacagatatt cccccctctc ctcttctaga acatcttgat tcattaaaaa gaaaaaaaaa 39480 aaggaattaa atagcataag tattttgaat gcattggtta tgggttttat ttttaataac 39540 tgtcttgtca ctcattattt tattgggtta aaagttataa tcattttcag gtagataatt 39600 aaagtagcta tgtatgtagg aatggagtta gaataatttg gaatatcgtg gtggaaaaag 39660 cgttagcagg tatgtgggat atttgaaagc cttagaaaaa caagcatgtt aaatgcttcc 39720 tatactatta tgtgttataa gacagattat gtataataag aggctatctt accttttaaa 39780 ataaagtact aaaagtggtt cattacaagt cacttccgct ctggctgtac cacttattag 39840 ctgtgtgacc ttagataaat tatttaatcc tcataagcct tagtctcctc atctgcaaaa 39900 tggaaatgaa aacagtatct acctcgcaga gttcttgtga ggcttaaacg agataatcca 39960 ggtcagaccc agctgctgtt attcttggcc ctgtacatat tgagagaggc tggctttcca 40020 ggcagtggat ttaacatacg tttgcttcat ctcatttttc cttaaactca ggggctatgg 40080 acagtccatt cacaccccta gagtctcacc agaaaaggac agaaggcaga attcaaatct 40140 gctgagaatg gatggttaac atgaaacgtg ggggatgact catggcagga ggaggttcag 40200 tgaagcccga ttgtctctga cagttgagga caaagtggct gcagatgctt cagaggctgc 40260 ccccagagca cattgcagcc tgtgcagtta ttattcctaa ggccgatgcc acaatgatgt 40320 cacataacca cccggcagat ggctcgtatt attatatgca ttgaaaccag agtgaaccct 40380 tcccatgttt gggatgggtg tggtgagtgg gaggaacacc tgttaggagg taggatctgg 40440 gtttgattct attttttccc cctctcttac tggtactttc tggttggtag ctctgagcct 40500 cagtttcctt atctgcaaaa gggagatgta cctcaaaagt tgtttagaag ggtagagtag 40560 aattagataa gataatgtaa gcaaatgctt ggtgtttctg aatgacctct ggaatatgtg 40620 gacagcatat tgttattcaa tgataattaa gaataagttg aagtacagtg atgccacctt 40680 gtacttatca ttttgcattt aacaaaagga cgtggacatg cattatcgta tttgagcttg 40740 acgaaagcct gtgatcaccg gttcacagag cacagaggtt ttgggccttc cccaaagtaa 40800 cacgacttca gaggaaaatg agaattcctg ctaagaagtg gccatccttg gtgtataagc 40860 ccctttatcc ctttagccat gatatttggg agattttttg ctgaagggtt ttaacatgac 40920 cccatgtcaa gactaagacc aagatcttct cacatagctg cagaggatca cacacagagg 40980 gtgtctttgg ctggtgaggg gctcatgaga tggagcatag caggggcctc ctagtgtgtc 41040 cttcaaaacc aaaattaggc ttttcataag ctcagtctct gaactcagtg ctgtctggct 41100 cctttcccat ctttcccctt ggaggaaaac tgaagaatta agctgttaga actagacttc 41160 tctaataagc ctcagtgtca caggttgtca cagttgttgc attttatttt gtttttattt 41220 ttattttttc ttaattgggc agcctctccc ccagcctttt cccccaaacc agaataagtt 41280 cagagagact cccatggttg cattttaaag gtcatctagt tctgtcatta ctccttgaat 41340 cctgtcataa gatcctggct actcgcaggg atgttgcttg aaccttttgt aggtaactct 41400 gtttgaaggc tcttcactgt actgagcttg ggctgttctg agatttatca cccccacccc 41460 atcctttaag tactacagaa caaatcttta tcaggagagg tggggacacg ggacagtgga 41520 aagagtgtgg acttgggatc agatagactt gatttgcaaa tttccagcta cctttctgtt 41580 tcagctgtat actgttgcac aagtgacttg cctgctggaa acctcagtct cttcattcac 41640 acaatgagaa tggtggggat tggaaattat ctagccaacc tagtaggcac tatcaataag 41700 atagcattta tatgagattg ccagatgtca ttaaaaatga gattatgtcg aagaaagccc 41760 tttgtaagtt gttttcaaat gtaggcactg ctcctagaaa atcactggaa gtctctttgt 41820 gtagctgatt tatcaagtaa tctaatgggc caacaaaact aatgactcca agaatggctt 41880 tctaagatgt gtcctactga atcaggctca agcctgccca caggttcctg atgctaatag 41940 ttacaaactg aggagtagag gcagacccca gggccattct ggtttgtttg attctggatg 42000 gcagagaaag ggagggcttc catccacaag ctttttgata ctgctcctgt cttgagattt 42060 gtgacctttt ctatgttcct gcctagaaaa gtcttattga catcagattc tgaaagtagg 42120 tgcacccttt cctctttggc tgtcaatgtt ctgttaataa tataagctta cgtttactga 42180 gtacttacta tgttcatatt tattacctta tttaatcctt atggcaattc ttagaggcaa 42240 atgctagtat tatcatattt taaagataca gaaataaagt gagtccctgc tcttttgctg 42300 ttcccgtcta tcaaggtgaa cacctaaaga ggccactata atacacagta tgataagtgc 42360 caggatgcaa agaatggaga aattcattgt gctctggaag agccagagac acttctaaaa 42420 agaggtgaca ctaggctgga ccttcaagga tgaatagaat ttgccaaatg taaaggtttc 42480 taggtgaaag actgacatgg catgggtgtg gtggtgcttg gcatatttgg agattggaag 42540 tgatgtggtg cacttagggg ctggggcaga gtccagtatg gcaggggtgg gaggggagtg 42600 gaggggagac agcagggtgc ccattaagct ggaaagggag tttggggtca gaaggtacaa 42660 aaattgacat gccgtggagt tgtctctttg ggatatctga aatgtatcaa gactgtgcac 42720 ttgttagagg ttaagagaga gaaaaggatg gttaagaatt gaagtaggct tgcttggtac 42780 catgctgtct atgttcctgg aaaaggcatg cccagctaca gagggtagtg ctttctcacc 42840 ttgaacccag taacctcaag ggcaggtagt gtctctccta gccttggatg gaagagtctc 42900 atccaagccc aattattctt ttagacacga gggaaccgag gcctgggaag ttgatgatac 42960 cctatatgag atctacagag aaatcagttg taccactacc ttctcttaat gctcactcct 43020 gaaaagcccc tcccatattg cacatcttaa atcccttcac agctcaagtg gttactgtac 43080 aaggcctgtt cccacctgac ctttttgttt cttctgccca aggcagactt gtgagaaaag 43140 gtggtctgat tgaaggctgg gaaattagga ttgatgactc tatgttgcct ggctatgaga 43200 cttacaaaat ccttttagga ttctgggatc cttctctgag atatttgaaa gggttcacca 43260 tgccatgaag ttcatgtctt tttctatgtc cccccacccc cactggcatt attctacatg 43320 gaaatgactg tgatctggaa ggcccataga cagcaagaac acatctgtgt cctctgcaag 43380 aatagaagct atagttaaag gacctgtgca cccacagagg aatggacgtg gaattaggca 43440 tagtatataa ttagagtaga gctatggaga aggcacattt tggctcctag agctccccag 43500 cttccttctg acaataaaaa aggggtaatg tgcagttagt tgttttcaat aaaaggaagc 43560 aaagggatca actggagttt ttaaaagtct gtctgtgttt aggctgcacc gattgcctgt 43620 ccaaggcagt ctgacctgcg tcaggccatc ctgagggaag agaggtcaca gttggccccc 43680 ccacatccag agggaaattt taaagttcag taaactactg ggcaattatg gattgcttgg 43740 cacaccaaaa agtgattttg tctttgaagc tgatgctcag acaacatctc tgaatctccg 43800 ctgtgcccac tgaggtggac ccgtggcccc ctcgcccacc atgaaagaaa gagcaggctg 43860 ttctgaagac atctttattc ctgctgaaac atgggggacc tggtcctttc cttgcttgtc 43920 cctctctgga tcttatccct aggtcattcc caaagtacca tttccaaaga aggtcaccgt 43980 atgtcgggag ccgctgaata gctgatccct gagttggctg cctgaacact aataactttc 44040 tccatcctgg tcccttccag acattgtaca ctctaaggct gctgtgcgtt tagaggaaga 44100 tacttccgct ctcagcacta gtaataacta ttcacaatca taatgaagag aaaaatcgct 44160 cttgtcagag tatcagtgcc agttgaaaag gcagcttgtt tgttttaatg ttgctgtatc 44220 tcttcaagtt ggaatatgat ggcggtctca gaattggcct tctcagctga atgtgcttgc 44280 cctttagaag gcactctata cagggttcgt tattccactg gctgcttgat atcctacagg 44340 ggagcctatt cttgagctcg atgtcagaag atgagcgttg gattagcact gagaagtctg 44400 ggggagtcac ttacatcgaa tcatttggcc tctgaattgt ggttttctca acagtaaaat 44460 gggggtaatc ctaacctggc ttacagggtt atcaggctag gatgaaatag tatatgtgga 44520 ggtgcttggt gaaacactat gaagacctaa aggattggga ttaacattca tcattgttat 44580 gtgacttagc tgtttgagag cgattaattt ccttttgctt tgtgatacat gttgaacacc 44640 tattgtgtac taagagacct tgtcctgggc ctggagctag gacacaggag tgggaagatg 44700 acagattcag tatctgtgct tgtgaaactt acaaaggcac cctcgcccga tagagaggct 44760 gttcttcctg taccggtccc atatgcacct gctttcaagt aaagcagacc tctgcctagc 44820 cttcagtgat ctctaatcca gtgctacagt cagacagcag cacagcttgc ttccggctga 44880 agaacattct caagtgttta agatcactga aaagaattga gaggagttgt caattttccc 44940 tgatcaaaac ccctctggcc aatgaatgta ctcagatagt atctcatggg tgctctgtgg 45000 tacagtgtat atgggtgctt atcaactatt caaggaacat acgttcttta ttggtaacct 45060 ttcaggcact acacacatag aagctgaatt aaggtattca gatgcaattg tagaagtcac 45120 tattttttca cttttctgac acaaggaaat ttttcagaca tgtctaacct ttaagagtag 45180 attagtgaaa ccaatgtaat atgtgagaaa taaacatctt cagtgacatc actgaggcac 45240 cctgacatac gagaagtgat tccactgact ttaggatata cttgagtaca cataggtaag 45300 ccccatgcag gctttgtgta aaattcccat ctctatatct tcatttgcta tttgttaatt 45360 tttgttatat atgtaccact ccactatggt gctctattta ctttcaccct cacacattta 45420 taaaccactg gctttaatca agaaacactt ctttaaagag gacttagtaa atgcttttca 45480 ggaagcacag aacagccatt gacttggaac taactaaaag catttgtcgt gcccccaccc 45540 cggtctacac aaccactagt gagaaaagaa agcaggaaag ctttgggaac cacctgagtt 45600 ttttttgcac ctccattgca aagacttctt gaatgttcct aaagaaaaca gagagagcta 45660 tatgacagat cttaagcttc cccaaagaaa aaaaaaaaca gcttattttt ttcttaagaa 45720 ttctccttcc attctcaaaa cgactgtgct ttccaataag ttgggacccg ctggattaac 45780 tccttggaga ccctagctgc catttttcag tcagtttttt ctcccagtgt cccgagagca 45840 ggttaaaatt caaacatttt atagcctctg tgcacaaaaa taatgagatt gaagctaaac 45900 tataggggct tgctctcagc tagttcaatt gaattaaaat aacacatact taaacatttt 45960 aaagtactta gccagggtct agttctgcaa tggagattct taatttaaag gctgtttttc 46020 ttcctctcac aaacagtggc ccaaccttga agaacagaaa gctgcttagc acccaaatga 46080 acatgattcc ttaaaacaag cataacaccc ttggctccat tccagatctc gttcatgcca 46140 cagttcatct ggattcctat aattcctgta tgttcccata tcttaattgc ccatagctgt 46200 gttgccagta caaacaggat gagggaagag tgcacaccct taatgaatac atctaccaac 46260 cctaagaaag caccatcatt tgaaactctc aatattcttt ctggcactaa atggccatct 46320 actgaagtgc taatatggat atctggtaac ttaacgtttc ttccgagcaa tgcttactcc 46380 ctactatctt tatattctag atagagggct accatttggc ataaacaaaa attcagactt 46440 tccattcagc ttttcaagga agtatatttt gaaacgaatt cctcagagtg ctgattaata 46500 gaggatgggc attctgggct aaggtgggtt ccagaacctt cctgagttct gtcccactgg 46560 ccattttcct tgatgatttg cagtaggaca cagctggcct actggtcccc cttgaagaag 46620 atgtgctgct gggcaaactg gaagactcac tgtggtggta gtgtgtgcct gtacaggtcc 46680 agagcccctg cccgtagact tggctgtgtc cctggagttg agcagcacag tgggaagtgc 46740 ctagtacaga agaagcacct cagaaggaat aagttctagt gtgaattcag gtccttttcc 46800 acctaaacaa acttgaagac ctttgttcct tatctgtgag ttttggggat tgaatgaaat 46860 aacatcaacg attcttcatt ttattataca acactgtgcc ctgcagtatc atttaacaaa 46920 tgaatgcaca ggctcaccac atcagacttc aaatccttct cagcatattt aaaatgagga 46980 cttaaatcaa ataagtatac cctgaatagg agtatattgt aaatattgca cagggtgtaa 47040 gcgtaagatg atgacatctg caaaactgtt tgtgtggaaa agaccaaaga cttgtaattt 47100 attagacatt cagaatacaa agaatgtatg atgtgagtgc aaaggtcaaa aaatagaata 47160 attcattgtt gggatgcatt cataaaagca taagttccac ataaggaagg ggatagatag 47220 ttctactcta ttctgccttg agaattatgt tcagatgtaa tggttcaggt ttaagattgg 47280 ggcaaagtag agaacaacta gaacaagtga atggctttca tgacaaaata tgaaaggaaa 47340 gatgggatgt ttgcttacag aagaaaagag atgaagaaga gaagatgcaa aaactggctt 47400 caaaaactgg cttgatcggc caggcacggt ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca gcactttggg 47460 aggccaaggt gggcggatca caaggtcaag agatcgagac catcctggcc aatacgtgaa 47520 accccatctc tactaaaaaa ataagaataa aatagccggg tatggtggcg ggtgcctgca 47580 gtcccagcta ctcaggaggc tgaggcagga gaatggtgtg aacccaggag gcggagcttg 47640 cagtgagccg agatcatgcc actgcactcc agcctggacg acagagcaag actccgtctc 47700 aaaacaaaca aacaaacaaa caaacaaaaa actggcttga tctaagtagg atcgagtgga 47760 aagggaatag atcatcttat gtggctgaac tagacccact tatgtggtgt agctcttgta 47820 gaaagcagct gtcagcctga ggtagggaag aactcttgta ctgttggaac aatggtcaga 47880 ggctgaagtg gtccacctgt ctgggttcta agttctctgt cactgaaggg ttctgacaga 47940 aactgtcttg tcttgtcttg taaagaaaat tgcagtaaga agagtttgat gcttataaga 48000 gagagcactt agtaggtgcc aggcaacccc tttgtgtgct atcatttcta atttcaataa 48060 agacttgcag agaaattgaa catcagctgt ctttgctttt tacttctcta aaactggata 48120 atccagacca tgtattcctc ttagtattta ttcactctca agccattaat ttaatgtgct 48180 agtaataaca gcccatgcca cttggttaag ttggtaaaca gcttgcaatc ctagcagggt 48240 gtgccccgcc acttattagc ttaagcttta gggcagagca acaaatcagc acagtgcctc 48300 aaagtaatta ggcaattccc ttacagaaaa attagcccac aagcaagaag cttacagaaa 48360 acacaaagaa aatctcacag tacaagacat gcattggcca ttacatgcat cactgctata 48420 attttgaaaa gattagagaa agattttcgg ctaataatga cccgctacac ccattaagca 48480 tgtcaaaagt ccatactagt cattacagag ctgcagggga aagtgcattc gtttctggaa 48540 aggggaatgt tggcgtttat ttgttgtggg ataagagtgc tttctttgca gggatgagca 48600 agaatgtcca atgctgagca aggatgtcca gggctgtgtg gtttaagtcc tattttgcca 48660 atgcttggtg tcatcctgca aagattttac ccttcagttt cttaatctgt aaaagagatc 48720 aaaataaaat gtgcttctaa tctattaaaa ggttaaggat gagatcctaa atttccaagt 48780 ttaattcatt aaaggaatca acacaggccg gcttccttct actgatcttg tttgaagcct 48840 ttactgcatt ctagaatggt atatggttat ctgtgtcatg ggctcactgg cctcattaaa 48900 agccatgaaa gaaccaaaaa gatgactatt ttgctccctg gatatcacag caaacaaaag 48960 cacagattga agggaagtga gaaaaagagg agagaaagaa aatggagcaa aggaagtaga 49020 aaagatagga agggagagag aaaaagaaaa aaataaagtt atctgcttta agggatgaga 49080 ttatggcaga gaagagctgc ttcagtggcc tgttccagct gtgaggacca cctgccccga 49140 tgaggccatt gggaagggac atatcacatt cacggtttac ctgcccacaa acgtgggtgc 49200 agccatactc ttcatgctca tgggctctga gactcctcta cgttaggcat cggcctcttt 49260 tttttttttt tttagacaga gccttgctct gtcgcccagg ctggagtcca gtggcgcaat 49320 ctcggctcac tgcaagctcc accctcccgg gttaacgcca ttctcctgcc tcagcctccc 49380 gagtagctgg gattacaggt gcccaccacc atgcctggct aatttttttt tgtattttta 49440 gtagagacgg ggtttcactg cgttagccag gatggtctcg atctcctgac ctcgtgatcc 49500 gcccgcctcg gcctcccaaa gtgcttggat tataggcgta agccaccgca cccggccggc 49560 attggcctct taacatcaac agttggcctg ccctttcagc acccaatgct tttactgcta 49620 acacccagta caccctacac aaactgcctg cacaaccctg agcctgatga ggaatgtaga 49680 ggaactgaag tgaaataggt gtctccgtgt aggtggggtt ttatgaggat gatggaaact 49740 ttggaataga aactggaaac cccatgtctg acacagttca agaaaactaa acaccatggg 49800 ccggcaccac tgttatttta cttttttttt gcgcagtgta agaaggagcc caaacactca 49860 tgctgacagt acgcacagtc tcaaatagca gttagatgaa ggccaagtca cgtaagctga 49920 tgccgacaca attagactca ccattgccaa cagctcgtca agtctgatat catccccctc 49980 tcggagactc tgtctttaca tagcagatgc tctggtgctg tgttacatgt aataggtggg 50040 atggccggag agaaaatcag aaaccaccgc tgatgcgctg tttatttctt agtcatttta 50100 tgttaaattg ctgtgacttg aacgtcagca gtgtttggga tgtggtagtg aaataaaatc 50160 catatccagt gtgccaagac aaatttcaga aaaccccaaa acacaattgt cttggtttct 50220 tgctggctgt gtctgtgcac acacaaatag tagctagttt attgccctcc aaccactcgg 50280 tgggttgctt gtcttgccac actctgggga atggctaatg aaccccaaac tacttccttc 50340 aaagctgggg atgtcaggaa tgaggggcca ctacacattc attaagcatg tcagaagtcc 50400 acaccagtca ctgctgagct gcaggaaaag tgcagtcatt tctggaaagg gaaatgaggg 50460 ggtttgttct cttcattctg tgggcttgtg aataagagcc aggggatacc actgagaaca 50520 gcagcactag gcaccaatgt atggggatct gaaagaccct gggcaatact ggtattagta 50580 aagtgcttct cactgggaaa ctttcacact gggtgagccc ccaggtctcc acatcaggtg 50640 cgttctctta gggagtatcc gtgaaaatac tatggccttg cattaaagtt tttcaagctt 50700 tacttcaagg tcaaacttat ctctagtgga ggaggagctg ctgccttgtt attttatttg 50760 tattttgttg ccaccacgct ccattgcatg tgttggtgtt tctgcctggc gtggtagtca 50820 taccttcaac tcaggactcc tttgcacaga aggcaggata ttatactgaa aagctttgga 50880 ttcaaaggct agcctcactt cgactttagc ccaaagttat tttactttcc tcactcttga 50940 tttattttct tttctttttc tttttttttt tttttgttga gatggagtct cgctctgtcg 51000 cccaggctgg agtgcagtgg cgcaatctcg gctcactgca agctctgcct cctgggttca 51060 caccattctc ctgcctcagc ctccagagta gctgggacta caggcgtctg ccaccacacc 51120 tggctaattt tgttttgtat ttttagtaga gacgggattt caccatgtta gccaggatgg 51180 tctcgatctc ctgacctcgt gatccaccca cctcggcctc ccaaagtgct gggattacag 51240 gtgtgagcca ccgcgccagg ccttgatttc tttatctgtg aaatggggat taaaaaatgg 51300 cctttgcagt gatgaagtta gtaaaggtat tataaaatga gaaggggaca taaaatagaa 51360 ttctgagcct gcagtgaaat caggtcattc tttttggagt aggaaaggta ggatggacat 51420 ttttcattcc tctctagcta gttcatgacg ctgagtaacc agaagggaag cctggtcaag 51480 tgcattgtgg ttagaccatc atagtctagg gcagaagttc tcaaacttga gtgtaaaaaa 51540 gaattgccta ctattcaccc agtagatcta atatggaacc aagtaacaag catattaata 51600 agcctatcag gtgattttga tgcagggggt gagtaaacaa atatctaact aacatagtgg 51660 aatttaggga agaaaaacaa tttttggagg ctccatcggt ggagagcatg atgtaatggc 51720 agaactggaa gtgggctgcc aggccatcta gctcaccctg ccaccatatt caggaagccc 51780 cactgcatct tttgggacag actgcgcctt gtgagtacac aggttcttcc agggaggcca 51840 gtgaggtgtg atctctcaca accttgaaag agagtgagtt gtttggtttc tttttttttt 51900 ttaatcttct aaatttttag aaaattattt ttatattgag tcaaactgtg gctccttggc 51960 tatatagaaa gtaagtccct gaaatctttg aaatcccttg agatttgata tccctaagtc 52020 ttcccttctt cagtctgagt actaccagtt tctttcagtg aggggtgctg atcctggctg 52080 tacatttaaa atcatctgag gaacttaaaa ctaagtccac cccagtcaat taactagact 52140 tttagggact tcaacccagg catcaagatt ttcaagttcc tccgttgatt aaaatgtgca 52200 gtcaaggcag actactactg caaatcatag aggaatccta tttttccagt ttaagagctt 52260 tagaactctt cctcttttct ctgtcttact ctttttttct aggtataaag cctgatccaa 52320 agtttaggtg cttgagccag gtgcagtggc tcacgcctgt aatcccagca ctttgggagg 52380 cggaggcagt ggatcacctg aggtcaggag tttgagacca gcctggccaa catggtgaaa 52440 tcccgtctct actaaaaata caaaaaatta gccaggcgtg gtggcaggcg cctgtaatcc 52500 cagctactca ggaggctgag acaggtgagt tgcgtgaacc caagaggcgg aggttgcagt 52560 gagctgagat tgcgccatta cactccagcc tgggccacag agcaagactc catctaaaaa 52620 aaaaaaaaaa ggccgggcgc ggtggcttat gcctgtaatc ccagcacttt gggaggctaa 52680 ggcaggcgga tcacgaggtc aagagattga gaccatcctg gctaacacgg tgaaaccccg 52740 tctctactaa aaaatacaaa aaattagccg ggcatggtgg tgggtgcctg tagtcccagc 52800 tactcgggag gctgaggcag gagaatggcg tgaacccggg aggctgagct tgcagtgagc 52860 cgagatcgcg ccactgcact ccaacctgtg caacagagcg agactccgtc tcaaaaaaaa 52920 aaaaaaaaaa agtttaggtg ctcctttgtc tttctgtatt tctttgtaga tttcttttct 52980 tctgtcgtat atttcagcag ttctgaaatg ttagggtaca taggaattgc tcaaggagtt 53040 tgctaaaatg cagaccacca tccatactct ttaagaaaga ctgttatata ggatccatat 53100 atccactgca atgagcagga acctgtgctg ctttgtaagc ttgtttagct ttgcctctag 53160 gaggggacta gcttggactt gatgttgagg taatcggtga gtacctcagg caggaggata 53220 aacaaaacct ccaggccact accaattccg ttcataccca caccttctgt gtttcacttt 53280 gaactactga cctttctggc ttatcttgga aaatccccca cgaggacact gagaccagtg 53340 cttgtctgtc cttgacaatt gtggtcagtg ctgactccaa gaaagctgat attaaacact 53400 aaagcctcct tcttcttttc cccggacttt atcaatctgc ttttaattgt taactaggac 53460 tggtttcacc agctaggagt caaccagtat gtagtcacac attggttctc aaactttgat 53520 gaaatggtgc catcagactt tcctggatga ttcacattta tcacggattc ctaggcaagg 53580 ctgatgccgt gggctgggag cctcacttta agaaccactg ctttagcaaa tacagcaaat 53640 acctataggt tcttgaccca agcatttcaa cattcacgca ctttcttcct gccagttttg 53700 tggtgtaacc aatctaagag ggaataaaca atagatagat ggctgaagca ttgccctcct 53760 gaagggctga accctagaca tcattggggg acttcttgca agcctcaaat ctacattctg 53820 tttcagagct catcacatat gagtgacatt gtaagacctt tattcagttt tgttttttta 53880 ttaaccttta actttatttt gaaattattt tattttattt tattttattt atttattttt 53940 tattttattt tttgagttgg agtctttctc cgtcaccagg ctggagtgca gtggtgcaat 54000 ctcggctcgc tgcaacctct gcctcccggg ttcaagcgat tctcctatct cagcctcccg 54060 agtagctggg gctatagacg cctgccacca cgcccagcta atttttgtat ttttagtaga 54120 gacggggttt caccatgtgg ccaggatggt cttgatctct tgacctcgcg atctgcctgc 54180 ctcagcctcc cacagtggtg ggattacagg cgtgagccac tgtgcctgga ttattttaat 54240 tttttttaga gacaggtctc actctgttgc ccaggcttca gtgcagtgac tcagtcatgg 54300 ctcactgtag tctcaccctc tcaggctcaa gtgatcctcc cacctcagcc tcccaagtag 54360 gtgggagtta caggcacatg ccacatcacc cagctaattt tttatttttt aatagaaatg 54420 gggtcttgtc ttgctttgtt gcccaggctg gtctcaaact cctagcctta accaatcctc 54480 ccactttggc ctcccagagt gctgggattt taggcatgag ccactgtgcc aggcctgaaa 54540 caattttaga ctcacaagaa attgcaaaaa tagtacagag agttcctata tacccttcaa 54600 cagcttctcc taatgatgat cacaactgta gtacgttttc aaaggggatg gataacccat 54660 ttaccatgat gtgattatta ggcattgcat gcctgtatcg aagtatttca tgtatcacat 54720 gaatatatac acccttacta ggtagccaca aaaattaaaa attaaaaaaa attagtacat 54780 ataaaaaccg aagaaatcca agcctagtta atagtattgt accaatgtca attaaacttt 54840 ttaataaaaa tagtcctaat atgaacattg tagtgaaagg tgaaattgct tgatgcagag 54900 ctgtttagtg gaaagttagg atttctcttg tcaccttttc tgatggtcag gtttatagta 54960 aaacaggtga aatgttaaag gatagtggtg gggagtctgt gagaactttg gggactggaa 55020 ttgctcccta ctcagtggaa aggaattaga gtatatagcg tcatgtataa actgccccag 55080 gacacttagc tcctcctgtt ctttctctcc tcttctaatt tggtctgtca ggctatcaga 55140 gcactgtctc tcgggggcat tcatgaaagg cccactgacc acctggcagt tctgttacgg 55200 tatgggaagg gaggcaggga ggaaactgtg tggaaatttg tgctagaccc agcgctccaa 55260 ctttccatct gcttacttat agaatcctga caatatgacc caatacatat gaggtagaaa 55320 attatttact tcattatata gatgaagaaa caggctcaga aaagccagat aatatccctg 55380 ttgccacaaa actaggaact ggttgattca gttcaaccag ttcattctta actggattag 55440 aattcagata gccttgaagg tcctttagta cttaagaatc ctataactat atgaggcttc 55500 ggcagggcta gctacaaaat ttgcagaatc ctttttcaat atgaaaatat ggggtctctt 55560 gttcaaaaaa aaaaagaaaa ggagtactat tgaagatgct aaaatataaa actttttcct 55620 ttgttccatg gtctccctct ctctgtctct ctcgctctcc aactgtcacg gtgttttttt 55680 atgtgctgtt tgatattgtg ctcacttggg catggggatg ctcccagagt gacaggagac 55740 tttcatgggg acctgagacc cttgccctaa aacttggaac atgtagtcca gcagctgctg 55800 gggtccccct gccacaagcc cacaagattg ataacacatt gagccaggta tctcccttcc 55860 catgggactg ccacttcaac ccatagggtt gcaaactctg cactgggatg tgcttggtac 55920 ctggattaag agggtgcatg aaaatctcag aaatcaccca ttaaagaact cattcatgtc 55980 accaaaaagc acctgtaccc caaaaagtat tgaaaacatt ttaaaaaaag gagtgggtga 56040 gagacgtgct tctactgggt tgctccctga acatattgtg gcactgccag cttgtggtgg 56100 ggacagctgc caccaggctt tttcctgaaa tggcatgggt tgtgtgcctg accccaactg 56160 tcattgggtg gaggaaaaca gtggccactg ggcgggccag ggaaggcagg gtgagattgg 56220 ggacaccaga aggcaagggg taggaggcag agagtcctgg gcaagtggac aggtgacagg 56280 aggtgggatg gcacagggct gaggtcccca gccctctgtg catgctccat tgtcccataa 56340 gacctcgctt acaaagcatc aattcaaaaa taaaatgatt gagaatttca agatggtgac 56400 tagagaggcc acagagcact aaattcaggt atgagacctt tctgaggatg gagaccctgt 56460 gcccctgtgc tggccacacg ctcatgaagt ggagaaaaac tataaggaaa gatttgtgag 56520 ttcaaaatac ttacatacaa tacgttggta aattttttgg agcagataca agtcaacata 56580 taatgttcat acagtagtat gtgattaagt gctgtattta agctttttgt atactgttac 56640 tttggaaatt agtgactagt tagattttct caggtttttt ttctctccct tccgtcccca 56700 aaatatggtt ttgcaggcat gtgtggccaa ggttgaggtg agggggacac cacttgatga 56760 catactggaa tcttctatgt gcaaaatttt ccccgggagg aaggcccatg agaaagcctg 56820 ggaggaggac cagaatcagc ctcctggtgt gaaatccaaa gggttgaagg aaaatcgatt 56880 tgattgaact gaaaaagtag gtcagaaatt gagagaagga gcgggccagg atgtgagtgt 56940 ggataagttg gcaaaggtca aacacaagta cctgaccacc tggcaatgga ataggaactg 57000 ggatgcgcat tacagaggac tttagcgaga actcccattc caaaggggga aatgagttct 57060 tggaggaagc agaggaaaaa gctccatccc tccaagacta agcgggtgga tcagagctgc 57120 acaagccatt aagcccctac cccgggctcc ctcagtggag ggcgggagcc tgccgcgtcc 57180 cgactgggca tcaaggggcc tttttgggtc tccctgctcc gtgtataggg tgtttatgaa 57240 gtaaaggcag ggtcaaagac tgtgctagag caattgacag taattttgtt gtttccaaat 57300 gaggagacat ttggccagtt gctcatgttc ctcagccagc cagggggctt gtgacccaga 57360 gcagatgaca gcacaggaca gctggcatca acccctggaa ggggtagttg gttcttcagt 57420 tgacagtttt taccacactc tcgtatgctg gagcaggagt acaggcaggg aaggctaccg 57480 gctcctcccg gcctggtcgc ttcaccatgg ttacaacacc aaagcagtgg ctgatggggg 57540 ctgctcagca gtcctttcac tgtgtgtgtt agctacttct acttataaaa caaggaccaa 57600 aaatgcagat ttgtgttatt agacagttga aatataaaca gcctaaatgc ttataagagc 57660 cagaggggag gagggctgtt tgccaatgta taggaagccc agctgaacaa ctgtacttaa 57720 ctagcaagct actcctgtaa atatttgcaa actccccttc aaagctcaaa agcctaggac 57780 aggatcattg gatgatttgc ttagaagaag aagaaacaaa attgacctca tggtctgagg 57840 cagccataaa aagaaaagag tgtggatggg cagaggacca gaaaaggggg gaaaaaatgg 57900 tccaaagttt aataaacaca aaagagataa aaataaatct caagagcact tatttacaaa 57960 cttgatggaa ggataagatt gaggcaggcg tgtgtgaaag atgggtgttt gtgaaagtgg 58020 aagaggcctg cagggattcc actgaaagag gcggggaaaa ttgaatgaga tgtttactct 58080 tcctaacgac aggaaacacg ctaaattagc ttctctattc caggatgctc cttcaaagga 58140 tgtttgaagc ttctgctgtc taatgcggag gctctgcgaa gatgaatgca gcatcagcct 58200 gtggaaggtt ttggccaaga cggtgtgcaa tgccagaaag cctggcccca gactggccta 58260 ggcttctctg gttgtctggc ctgttttcag ctgagctggt cggcatagga ccagctgttc 58320 caatcatggg ggcgggcata ttccagagga gaaaaagttc tatttgttct cagcagctac 58380 cttgtcaaaa tgctgtgtgc tagggggctc caaaagcctt tctgcgtgca ccagtgcccc 58440 ctggcctgga agccgcccat caactaattc gcagtggtga tgcggcggat catcaccatg 58500 tctgcatgaa tacttttttt ctttgaaacc tggatacttt ggattttttg gggttttttt 58560 gtttgtttgt ttgtttctga gacttctgac tcctgggtta taaagcctca attcacacag 58620 tcattttctg aaccagtatg gaggagactg gtgtagaaat tccccgcttc tccgtgggcc 58680 tgtgtgctga gagtcacaca tatatagggg aaggagatgg gttgggagaa agttcctatg 58740 aaggaaaaaa ttcaggctct taagatgaga aaatgttggt gtgttcctag catctttttt 58800 tcttcagtgt aatcgtcagg gcatggattt cccaataaat cacggaaggt atttatttct 58860 attttaagat cggcaagatg gctcatttat ttaataagaa gttagtgttg ccaacagtca 58920 gatgcctgag tctttcaaga gactcctgtt gatgaccaac tatgcaaacg ggatatttgg 58980 tgaaccctgt ccagatacgt gggaaagaag aaagacctgg caaatacagt ctctgccctc 59040 aagattctta aaatttcaca ggggaaacaa aataaacaaa cataatgcag aagtaataaa 59100 aacatttata aagaaacatg aacaaccgtg aatgattatt tgtaatgaag tcagataatt 59160 gaagagtggg tagaaagaaa tggagccact agagttggat gaaacactct ggaaagggga 59220 aagaaagtgt gtaggagatt ttggaagaag attgtagaaa catacctgta acaagtggtc 59280 tgcacagtgt agatgcttga taaatgaata ttgtatttga aagcatggag ttagaatagg 59340 acctgctctg gtctttgtat agcctcagtt gcatattcaa agacattggc agattacaaa 59400 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaagccag cacaactcta aagcaaccca ggagcttgat tgattgattg 59460 actgattgat atttgagatg gaacctcacc ctattgccca ggctagagta tagtgttgtg 59520 atttcagctc actgcagcct ccgcccccgg ggttcaagca attctcctgc ctcagtctcc 59580 ggagtagatg ggattacagg tgcgcgccac cacgcctggc tatatttttg natttttagt 59640 ttaaacaggg ttttgccatg ttgcccaggt ctggtctcaa actcctgacc ttaagtggtc 59700 tgcccacctc agcctcccaa gtgttgttgg aattacaggc gtgacccact gtgcccgtcc 59760 ttcccanaag ctttaaaatg tcatgttttt tttttaactc tgtattttac attttttata 59820 actgaaggaa tttgtgccaa ttctttttct tcattagcta ggatgacctc ccgccaacag 59880 acattatcct gcataaagaa ttttaaaact ggatctggta taagctagta cgtgggttat 59940 acttttgttt attcaaattt cctcatcata acttgactag agaatatgtt aagtcatatg 60000 tgtgtgaaaa actaaaatat tgaagccaaa agagattcga tatatgagcc tggttaaaaa 60060 aagattattt ggatgacaaa ctttcaagga aaaaaaatac atgggcaaac tgctggccat 60120 taggaactat tttcttggca catctgatta aagtgtatgc aggcctgaca gctctctcca 60180 ggcatgaact gtcataaact tgttccaatt caaaaccatc tatgatttcc accagtctgt 60240 cagccttcaa aggatggggt taactgcatg ctttcaaatg gagttggaag tggtttgtta 60300 atctctatta atttgctact cctgtaacta aatgcacatg tttattttat ttcttttttt 60360 tctggttaca ttgttaatgg tattaaactg gccgttggaa actattctgt agatatttcc 60420 cttatggttt cttgggatta tctcacgcta cagtcttctc tgaaagcaca atggatttta 60480 tcattttcaa tgattgccct aattttttac agatgccatc ccgcccactt tctacagacc 60540 ctacttcaga attgttcgat ttgacgtctc agcaatggag aagaatgctt ccaatttggt 60600 gaaagcagag ttcagagtct ttcgtttgca gaacccaaaa gccagagtgc ctgaacaacg 60660 gattgagcta tatcaggtaa tgttcatttg ttgttgttgt tgttgttgtt gttgttgttt 60720 tagacagact ctctctctct ctctctgtca caggctagag tacagtggca tgatcacagc 60780 tcactgcaac cttgaactcc tgggttcaaa cgatccgctt gcctcagcct ccctagtcaa 60840 tgggactgca ggagtgcacc atcacacccg attatggggc caaaaaaaaa attttagatt 60900 ctagaaaaaa agtgttaaat ggctgatctg gaactcctgg ccttaagcaa tcttcccacc 60960 ttggcctcaa aaagtttggg gattacagac atgagcctcc atacctggct catttaggtt 61020 gttgtaatgg gcaatcagtt tgaggtctta gagtaaaaga attctagtgt cttagatttt 61080 cttagctgat ataagccatg ctatatattc acaatcgtga tataggccct catttactat 61140 tactgttcta gtaatagctt gttcctaatc actcaggagg gaagaaccct ttagaatgca 61200 gtattgaagc tctgagcaca cttcctcagt tgcatgaaca gctggagtat gtactcttca 61260 gagggtttgg ttccagaagt caacccgtta aactataaag tcagataatg taggtccgat 61320 ttcttcctgg ggaacagtca gttgaccttc ctttattcat cctatagctg tttctttctc 61380 cttttctatg attttctctt tgttttctta ttgtcttctc tcttcctttt tcactttttt 61440 ctcctctctt tgcaacctcc ttctctttat taactttatc ccgtttcctt ttcctttcta 61500 attctaccca ctgtctccag tctacccact caatacacac acacacacac acacacactt 61560 tcctccatta tttggacagc cctgatgtct cctgttctca tctttgtagt ggagttggag 61620 ttggtgggca gctgcgtcaa aatgtaatga tgatgatgat gaaatgccaa cttgctgaga 61680 ttttcagaga tgttcttaaa agcttgttac ccgagtgtag tctacagggc atttgcatcg 61740 gcatcacctg gggctgtgag aaatgtagaa tctcaggccc caccctagac tttacagaat 61800 cagaatcccc attttaacaa gatccgcagg tgcttcttgt gcacattaaa gaaccacttg 61860 aaaaatcctg agtctggtgc agccttgtaa acaggcaact taaatacatc ctgatgccat 61920 atgaatagtg gtacttgcat atagggtata ggcggggaaa tttcaccagg gagctgacat 61980 tttgatgagg ccttgagacg tatctattaa aacctgatgg gggatcatca ttcttggcag 62040 gaagggcagg cactgcaaag acagtcttga atgggcttgc tgagggtacc tgatgcatag 62100 cgctcagtgc ctggaggtga ggagagactg gggagaaggt ggccctccaa agatagtgtg 62160 tagagtgaca ctacagagga ttaagaaaaa accccttggg atccccgtga taaggggtat 62220 atatgtgtga caatatgatt aaaacatggg attacttgag aaaaagaaat tggcatctat 62280 gtgcagaaac cgctagtttt tctggactct aatcatttgg aatttgtgat aattaggatc 62340 aaaattttct ttgtattcat tatgaaaata gagaactacc acacaaatga atatgagacc 62400 tgaagaatag tttaaaatac ttaaagcagt cattttgttt tctttttctg tttttttgag 62460 acagcatctt gctctgtcac ccaggctaga atgcagtggt gcagtcatag ctcactgcac 62520 cctcaacttc cagggctcaa gcgatcctac aggtgtgcat ccccacgcct aactctaatg 62580 tatttttctg tttaattttt agtacagatg agttctcgct ttgttgccaa ggctggtctc 62640 ttaattcttg agctcaagag atcatcccac ctctgcttcc caatgtgctg ggattacagg 62700 catgaggcac tgtgcctggc cccagtttta aagtactagt tcacatgtgt gttcatgaag 62760 aataattctt acttatttaa ataggccctc gagaacctgt ttttgagact tttaaatcct 62820 aactggcatt ctgggtagca ccaatgggcc agccgttgct cgtcgcccca aggtcagaga 62880 gcatgcttgt gtgaccagac actatgctga gcaaagactc agaagtattg tttccaatga 62940 tactcacagc tatactatga agtttgtaca atgaagtatt ctttctgcta ttatattctt 63000 ttccatttca cagagaatgg tgctaaatcc cagagaaatt aagtaacttg gccagggtca 63060 cacaggtggg aaatggcagg gctgggatac aaatccacct cggactccca agtccctcct 63120 gcccctcacc acatactatg ctattcctag caaaattttc cctttctctt acccttggga 63180 tcagccagaa tagaagaata ataagacaaa ctaggctaga ggatgaagta atatttggag 63240 gggaagcaaa aactggttcc tatgaaaaaa agccagatta agggtagcca gataaattac 63300 aagatgattt aaacaaacaa acaaaaaaca tgattatatc tcctttttct tctctttttt 63360 accaattaaa tcacccttaa atttccttct ttgctgacga tagcatcata ggttgctctc 63420 tttggcccta ctttagttac atggcttcag taaattggag gcagggtcac ctaggtcctg 63480 ttacctgtaa tggaagctgc taagtcccta tttttctgtg gccccttgac cctgtcctct 63540 gaggagtagc ctctgccagc aggcttgcca atggcttttt tcctcccagg gcccatccca 63600 tctccaggaa agggtgtttc tcttgaggct ggcaacttag aggaccttag tgagttcttg 63660 gtagatgtgc ctcagaggtt tctgaagcac cggctgctcc atgacgcaag tgacatgatg 63720 tgcatggctt agagtcccac gcttgaaaga ggaacggccc aagatggaag cttttagttt 63780 ggagaagcat gggcacgttc actgtcacta tacacgggca tctggaagaa gaagattcta 63840 gcagaaaaat ataaaataat agcaattttt ttatctttct ggggctcagc tatacaactc 63900 ctgaagcaca gacaaggtcc agagagcaag tcaaagagat ccttgaacac ccgaagagaa 63960 gacaactcac acacactttt gatggatcag aaaggcagcc tcttgtcttt tattgcttca 64020 actagtttga ctatctgtag ggccagaaga aattagaagc actgaattaa aagaggaggg 64080 ctagaggagg acaccgtgac atcaacagca ggtcctttag accagcagtc cccagccttt 64140 ttggcaccag ggaccagttt tgtggaatac aatttttcca cagagcatta cttttattgt 64200 gcactttatt tcattgtaat atataatgaa ataattatac aactcaccat aatatagaat 64260 cagtgggagc gctgagcttg ttttcctgca actatatatg gtcccatctg gcagtgatgg 64320 gagacagtgt ccgatcatca ggcatttgat tatcataagg agcgtgcaac ctagatccct 64380 agcacgtgca gttcacaata gggttcttgc tcctttgaga atctaatgcc gccgctaatc 64440 tgacaggagg tggagctcag gcagtactgc aagcaatggg gagtggctgt aaacacagat 64500 gaagctttgc ttgcttgcct gctgctcacc tcctgctgtg cggcccggct cctgatgggc 64560 catggacctg taccgtccag gttggggact tctgctttag actaaagatt tttaccactg 64620 tatcacagta acgctatctc agataatcag accacagaag caatgcctgt tgtggacaag 64680 ttttctgaat cttaccctgt ttatagttaa cccactcttt atctctttgg cttcctgtct 64740 ggcttctgac ttttgcttct ggcctcttta tttggagtcc tatttttagt atggtgttct 64800 ccaactttcc ttttgtctcc ggctgccatt tggaggtctt tgtagtcttt ggtaataaac 64860 tcccatctct agtcctatta caggaattga tgccgatggt aataaccttg aattatgaag 64920 atgaggctaa attatagtca ggaaactgaa cacatgcaat aaattttaca gagtttcaca 64980 tccaaaattg ctgaaatatt attttggaaa aaaaaaacag atttgatgct taaatgggca 65040 gatcttcagc tatttggaaa gctcagctct tcagaagaac aaaacctttg aagttcttgg 65100 ataccctttg attactgtac tacttgacac acaattggca tcctaatccc tagaggaaaa 65160 cagggtgact atgaaaaggt tctcaggtcg tttacatggt tgtttggatt atttattagg 65220 actcttcagg acactgatgt tcagtaggag gagagtatgt atgtgtgtac atgtgtgcac 65280 acgtgcctgt gaacttacat gtgagcatag gcactccacc aggtttggaa tccctggggg 65340 agcttttacg aagactaacc acagtttcct tcaaggggat tctgattttc cctggaaagg 65400 aaaatgagag ttgcctcggc acagatgttg gtttcaaaga gctctcctgg tgactcacat 65460 gtgtgattgt tcagatttgg atcttccaat tggaattcgc agatttaaaa tatagcccaa 65520 gagttttgag tcattctgtc tcataaaaat gccgccaggt attcttttta gagtcacaat 65580 atgaggctgg atggacgtag gataacaatt ctatacatga gttcagggtt tgtcttgtcc 65640 agagctgcga aggtctattg tttctctcca cctgggatag ttaggaaacc catgcttctg 65700 ttgaagtcac tctgagcttg tttaaacctg aaagcttgtg aacttacgat tttcattacc 65760 ctcccctctc tacagaacag tgtgtcagaa tattaatgaa tgataggaaa ataaaatctt 65820 tctttcctgc tttctctaac ctctttcacg ttaacaaact ctaaatagca tctactggtg 65880 tgatcaagat aggcttccca tgtataccaa taatggaggg aatatgagag ggataaagtg 65940 tctgaaagat gaagggaaag aggagaaaac aaagatgaaa aacaactgtt tttagatagt 66000 aacgatcttt gccatatttt taaagcttta tgccaaaggc agcctttatt gcgatatgtt 66060 cagacaaaac tccagtgctc taggaatgca ttcaaaccca tgatagttgt tatagctctc 66120 agcccatttg taaatttgaa cacacctttc tttgattaag tttcccctgt atgtatgatt 66180 aaaatcatga ccagaagtat gaggtagagg gaaagaaaat aggaaggaga attctcttca 66240 agttgaacat cttctatatg ggcaagaaca cctgctgtct tggagttgga taaatcccca 66300 ttttacacat gaagaaatgc ttggggaact taatgacata tctaagggta cccataactt 66360 catggcccta aacaatcctt tgggaccacc aaagaatact tatatttaaa tttgctaacc 66420 tcagaggact tggagctctc cagtatttct agtttcttct caccaactca caccctttca 66480 atagtcattt ctcatttaaa accttaccac ctccagaata gtatgattca taccactgtc 66540 tgggttatct atttgctgca caacaagctt caaaatgttg tggcctcaaa taataatcat 66600 tttgttatac ttcacaagtt tttgtgggtc agaaatttca tcagagcttg gctggatatt 66660 gtcttgctcc atgtggcttt ggctggggtc acttggtagc atttagatga cagttgggct 66720 ggtctggagg attgatgatg gctttgtgcc tatgcttgga acttcagtag aatgactgga 66780 aggccgggct cagctgggct cctcccccta gatagtctca gatgtctcca tgtggtgttc 66840 ccagaagagt agtcttgttt cttacatggg gactcaggtg tgcaaatgtc taaggtagaa 66900 actgcaagtc ctcttaaaaa cagcccagag gctgggcatg gtggcttacg catgtaatcc 66960 cagcactttg agaggctgag gcaggtggat ctcttgagcc caggagttca agcctgggca 67020 acatggtgaa ataccatctc tactaaaaat acaaaaatta cccaggcaca gtggcacaca 67080 cctgtaatcc cagctactca ggaggctgag gcaggagaat cgcttgaacc cgggaggtgg 67140 aggttgcagt gagcagagat tgcaccactg cactccagcc tgggcgacag agccaaattc 67200 agtctcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaatagcag gcccagaaat gacacagcat cacttttgcc 67260 ttactctatt aatcaaatga actacagggc agcccagatt caaagggaaa ggaaatagat 67320 cccatatatc aatgggaaat gtgtcaaaga agttgcagcc atctttaatc ttggaacact 67380 aacccactgt gtaaagtaaa gtaatagtca gccgactgtg agtgtgcacc tcctggcatc 67440 agcatcatac ctggtgccag ccatctggag ataaattagc ctccaccttc tggttactca 67500 gggtcttgtg aagaaatgta catataagtg atatctgtct atgaataaac atatacccaa 67560 gatactctta gagcaaaagc tggagaattc agagaaatgc ctcagaactc attcttgcca 67620 gaaagggagt tgtgagaatt tgcaggcaac ttgccatctt ggttgggctc ctttcgtggg 67680 cagacatgta attccaagga actgagccat atgcctgaat caagagattc ctttgaaccc 67740 aacaatattt gttgcagaga tatctgaata gattagattg aaacaggagt gggtttggtt 67800 aattggtatg catagtatta cgtcagaacg accttcctcg tgtttcagtg tgcgtactca 67860 catcccagga tttggtgact acgtctgtcc tccccgttta ccttattgag gcagcatggc 67920 atagtatgca atggtatggg cgttgtgacc taagctttct tagtaattcc caattagctt 67980 ggggtttatt atgagggtga aatgaaataa tgtctatgac ggccaggtgg ggagtgcgtg 68040 ttcaacatgt gttagttccc ttcctttgct gtcactgctt agattttgac ttctatgtct 68100 ttgattcctc cagtgggaag agctctctcc taagttacct gtgaaagtca gttgccaggt 68160 tgtttttaag actgatttat tagcttcaga gcactgaata aagtcataca aaaataactc 68220 cctgggggaa gcagagtgat gtattaggtt catacatctt acaatatcag gagaaaaagc 68280 cactaaaata ttgccttttc ccatggggct gatagtctca ggtgtctcca tgtggtcttc 68340 ccagaacagt aatctgactt cttagatgga gattcaagtg tgcaaatgtc caaggcagaa 68400 gctgcaagtc ctcttaaaaa ctaggcccag aggctgggcg cggtggctca cacctataat 68460 cccagcactt tgggaggctg aggcaggtgg attgcttgag cccaggagtt caagaccagc 68520 ctgggcaaca tggtgaaaat ccatctctac taaaaaatac aaaaattagc tgggcgcggt 68580 ggcacatgcc tgtaaaccca gctactctgg aggctgaggc aggagaatca cttgaacccg 68640 agaggcagag gttgcagtga gccgagatca cacaatctct gcctcccggg ttgcgtcact 68700 gttggcgctg gtagaatatc atctgccaat gggttcctgt taatcagtag aagagaaatg 68760 tgctgaggtg aatttaaagg ggaccttaga tttcttgact gtggcctgag aaggcatcgg 68820 cgctgtgcat ttctacagag aggcagggca tccagcttca gctgaagcca ccgctagcat 68880 ggcaaaggga cccctctctc tacagaaaac tgtcaagact ttggcaagtg aaagtacaga 68940 tggtccccta tttaagattt tttcaacttt gtgatggtgt aaaagtgact caacttactt 69000 ttgttcatac gtatgatatc aggacacaat cccgttgtaa gtcgaggagc atctgtaaaa 69060 taaaatctgc cccccatttg ctctgacctc tttccttcgg attttaatgt ctcattgcat 69120 ttgcatttaa acagtaacca gcttgtcaaa tgtgatgaaa tgtcatttct agaggctatc 69180 ggttgcaagg atataaaaca gtggtgaaat cctaagtcat ttacatccat ttagttttgt 69240 atagtaaata ttaactgatt tttcagactt gaggatgata gggtgaattg atgtttatgg 69300 agcaaaataa gtaagggaag atggtagtgg ggggagtgaa tcatcagcta cctttactgg 69360 acattgcata tgtaacatct ctgcaacaga ttttaaaatg cacgttctta aggtttcata 69420 gtgaaagttc agggtagatg gcctaggcct accttttaag ggattctgat gctgcaaaat 69480 tgaaaggtgg ggtttttgtc ataccaggga gcacagcact aatggggtta atgaaaattg 69540 cctctttttc ctaaccctaa acacatgtgc acacacacac acacacacac acacacgcac 69600 acacggttca gctttcattt ctcatattgc ccaagagggt gtaaaataaa aagaggtcag 69660 ccaaaaaact gtctgttaaa ttagacttgc aaaaatgcta ctgacaaaca aacaaacaaa 69720 caaaaagtca tactgtgctc ctgttgtaca taattttaca gcatacaatc ttcttaatac 69780 tgatcctagc cccggcgcca cattggagac atacatagca tagtaaccca cctaaaaaaa 69840 gaataaaaaa caccatgagg tataataaac actttgtttg cacaaggcta ttaatatctc 69900 agggtttttt ttcaaactga tcaaatggcg tgcttgcctc ataaggaaac tggattgtta 69960 ccatttgcat taggttataa cattagtcag cagacaagac cccccaaaaa gtagaatgaa 70020 cagcagacct tctccactgt attcaaataa atgttagtga atatgcaata gtaactaata 70080 atcttattct tttttcataa tgtgactcag taacaatatt gataattatc gctaatacat 70140 gcagtgatta ctgtgtgcta aggtaggtac tggtctcatc cttattttac aagtgaggaa 70200 actaggatac agtgaagttc agtagcttgc ccaggccagg caggtaggaa gaagcagagc 70260 caggatttga acccaggcgg tctgacccca gggatcatgc tcttgaccat gattccatac 70320 tagcagaaag aacacagatt ttggagttga tcagggtggg tgcaaggcat agctttggtc 70380 ctttggggag tctgaggaag tcatgtcact aacactattt ccacaccagt aaaatgcaga 70440 tgaaagcacc tacttggcaa agattttata aggcatagag ataatgcatg gaaacttcta 70500 gcacagtatc tgtatcctca gcggttacta ttattatcat tacagtttcc gagcattgag 70560 tttgaactgt tgtaagaaac agtgtgaaat ttatgatctg ctcagaatct gttaaaaatg 70620 aatgcttccc ctagcccttc ttgctgtagg gtctgggttc ttggttgctg tcccaggagt 70680 ttgcttcagg gtctccttca agaatatttt ccactcactc agcttgtggt ggttcattaa 70740 gttgcagatg agcaggccgg gcgcggtggc tcatgcctgt aattccagca ctttgggagg 70800 ccgaggtggg tggaacactt gaggtcagga gtttgagacc agcctggcta acatggtgaa 70860 accccatttc tactataaat ataaaaatta gccaggcgtg gtggcgggcg cctgtaatcc 70920 cagctactca ggaggctgag gcaggagaat cacttgaacc tggtaggcgg aatttgcagt 70980 gagcccagac tgtgtcactg cactccagcc tgggcgacag agcgagactc tgtctcaaaa 71040 gaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaagttg cagatgagca tatcagagtg ggaaaggagg 71100 agacctttgc agccagtcag ccctttctct gaacctcagt ttttcatctg aaactggaga 71160 taacatttct tgcctaatga gttcctgtga ggagaatgcc taggttaagt gtctggcaca 71220 caagatgcgg aaggagtagg ttactgtcag gatttttctt gtcatcttga acatggttca 71280 tatttcccct aaggttggct tgtgattcta aaaccactca acagtggtgt cagtcatctc 71340 tgcttggatg tggtctgatc tgttttctgt taacagtggg acagagcagg gttttgggga 71400 acagccattg ttttatcact gtgtacattt gctttatcaa gatgttaagg gctgcagtgc 71460 tgaactgggg gctgtgctct gtcttgcttc tctttttgaa gagtgattac aatgactgac 71520 tccaataggg gtgtcttttt atctcatctc ctgtcttgtt actacctctc cctgctccac 71580 caccacacaa ataggtttga tatatgcttc ccaattgatt tttaataagg ttcctttttt 71640 ttttcatgtt gtaaatgttc agtatgccaa ctatcctgta acctccttta gggcaaaagc 71700 tgtttcaagg gagcatgcat gttttttttc tcaatgccaa cagtactcag gatatttttt 71760 ggaaccccgt tctagaactg tggcagagtc cagcatacat acttgagaat tccccaaagg 71820 agacaaatct ggatttgcga aaggtagtgt tgatttttga agactgccaa agttctatgg 71880 aagaggaaaa tgataagtca ttcagctgat tttactggtt cttatatttc tgaaagtcag 71940 ccacctccca tgtctctgct gttactatgc ttgtccaagc agttcttgtc cctcacctgg 72000 gccatggcag tggcctcctg gttggtcccc ctgtttccac cctggcccct tgatatggtt 72060 tggctgtgtc tccactcaat ctcatcttga attcaaatgt gttgtgggag ggactgggtg 72120 ggaggtaatt gaatcatggg agcaagtctt tcccatgctg ctcttgtgat agtgaataag 72180 tctcatgaga tctgatggtt ttaaatagag gtggtccccc gcacaagctc tctttctctt 72240 ctcttgtctg ccaccatgtg agatgtgcct ttcaccttct gccatgactg tgaggcctcc 72300 ctagccacat ggaactgtaa gtccaataaa cccttttctc ttataaattg cccagtcttg 72360 cagcagtgcg aaaatggact aatacagtga attggtatca gtagagtggg gtgctgctga 72420 aaagataccc aaaatgtgga agcaactttg gaactgggta acgagcagag gttaaaacag 72480 tttggagggc tcagaagaag tcaggaaaat gtgggaaagt ttggaacttc ctagagacct 72540 gttgaatggc tttgacaaaa atgctgatgg tgatatgaac aataaggtct aggctgaggt 72600 ggtctcagat ggagatcagg aacttgttgg gaactggagc aaaggtgact ctacgctttg 72660 ttttagcaga gacagatggc attttgcccc taccctagag atttgtggaa ctttgaactt 72720 gagacagatg atttagggta tctggtgaaa gaaacttcta agcagcaaag cattcaagag 72780 gtgacttggg tgctgttaaa ggcattcagt tttaaaaggg aaacagaaaa taaaagtttg 72840 gaaaatttgc agcctgacaa tgtaatagaa aagaaaatct cattttctga ggtgaaattg 72900 aagctggatg caaaaatttg cttaagtaat gaggagccaa atgttaatcc ccaagacaat 72960 gggaaaaatg tctccagagc atgccagagg tcttcatggc agcccctccc atcataggcc 73020 taaaggccta agaggaaaat gtggttttgt gggcctggcc cagggtccct gtgctgtgtg 73080 caggctaggg atttggtgcc ctgcatccca gccactccag ctgtggctga aaagggccaa 73140 catagagctt gggccatggc ttcagagggt gcaagcccca agccttggca gcttctacat 73200 ggtgttgagc ctgtgagtgc acagaagtaa agaactgggg tttggaaacc tctgcctaga 73260 tttcagaaga tgtgtggaaa tgcctggatg cccaggcaga agtttgctgt aggggcaggg 73320 tcctcatgga gaacctctgc tagggcagtg cagaagcgaa atatggagtt ggagccccca 73380 cacagagttt ctactggggc accacctagt ggagctgtga aaagagggcc accatcttcc 73440 agaccccaga atggtagatc caccaacagc ttgcaccgta tgcctggaaa aatcacaaga 73500 cactcaacac tagcccataa aagcagccaa gaggggggct ataccttgca aagccatggg 73560 ggcagagctg cccaaggcca tgggagccca cttcttgcat cagcgtgacc tggacttgag 73620 acgtggagtc taaggagatc attttggagc tttaagattt tactgccctg ctggatttca 73680 gactttcatg gggcctacag cccctttgtt ttgaccaatt tctcccattt ggaatgacta 73740 tatttaccca atgcctgtac ccccgttgta tctaggaagt aactaacttg cttttgattt 73800 tataggctca taggcagaag ggacttgcct tgtctcagat gagactttgt actgtggact 73860 tttgagttaa tgctgaaatg agttaagact ttggggagct gttgagaagg catgattggt 73920 tttgaaatgt gaggacatga gatttgggag gggctggggc agaatggtat ggtttggctg 73980 tgtccccacc cagatctcat cttgaatttc catgtgttgt gggagggacc tagtgggagg 74040 taattgaatc atgggggcaa gtctttccca tgctgttctc gtaatcgtga ataagtctca 74100 tgatatcatg ataagtctca tgatatgatg gttttaaaaa gaggcattct gctacacaag 74160 ctctctctct ttgtctgctg ccatgcactt aagatgtgac tttctcctcc ttgccttcca 74220 tcatgattgt gaggcctcct cagccaagtg gaactgtaag tccaataaac ctttttattt 74280 tgtaaattgc tcagtctcag ctatgtcttt atcagcagca tgaaaatgga ctaatacacc 74340 ccctcagcag ctgtttacag catagcaatc aaagtgattc ctgataaaat attggtcaga 74400 tcaaagtctt ctctttaaag ctctacagtg gcttcgtatc tcaccctgag tagaagccaa 74460 gtccttacca tgacttagga ggctggctct gacctgttcc ttagtcaccc acccctcagc 74520 cataatttcc ccctcattca tagggctccc ccatttgtca atgacctctt tgctcttcct 74580 cagacactgc actcactcct tcctgtggct tgtggccact gttccctcca cccacagtgc 74640 ttttcccaac tacccatatg gttggttctc tttatttctt taggtctttc cttagagacc 74700 acctgctcag ggagaccttc tttggccacc gtacctaaga tctcagagtc gcttttccca 74760 acacatccta gccccaatgt ctactgtgct tttctccttg ataatcttca ttatctgcca 74820 tatttgatct attccatctt tatgttgttt ataatcttat ctctacctct agccataaac 74880 tactggagat gtgtctggtc cacagtgggt gttcaataag tgttttttaa tgaatttaac 74940 taaaatgtca aaataagatt caactataag gaatgtcctt caaataagta tgtaacttat 75000 aaaggggatt ctgttgagaa acatcactca tttattcgga tttggaaatt ctgctccatt 75060 tgttttaaag atatctaaat attgatgaag aaagaaatgt atataactat gcatcttctg 75120 tgacttattc agagctaatt ctgatgaagt atttaatatt aatagataat aaccatgtag 75180 gtaaaaaaat aaaataaaat tatgtaataa attaatgaaa ctgatattct tgggtacccc 75240 ataaacttga tgttttcaga aaaaacaagc tctttattta tttatttggg cttgttagtt 75300 tatagtcaca tgccctaaat taaagtgctc acttaaatta tagtacaggc cacatatgtt 75360 ataggtgcca ggaggtagga atcaagttag aagtctactc cccaagttca catgtgttag 75420 tgttaaagtc agagtggaat tggaaggggg aggtcaaata aaaaattaga agatatggct 75480 ccagagagct tgaggtcttg tggacagtct ttccctcaat ggcaggaaat aggtaggtca 75540 ttgtcaaaat ttatactgct gggctgtgtg gtacagcctc aaagactgta ggaattcagc 75600 taagaaaaag acagtacagt cttgatttaa ttctccttca aattctacca ttacgtattg 75660 tactgcaccc ctctctcgcc tggtctatac tgatgtggct ttagtccagt tgaatccttt 75720 tctcttttgt gtgatttata cctgatggtc tcatgaatgc tactgagctg cagcatctga 75780 cagactttct gttcacacaa aggactcctt catcccttca acctggagaa atggatttac 75840 ttgtttatgc acatgtgcat tcagcacaaa ggttcatctg taaagttttt ttttttaatg 75900 aaggaaacaa tagggaatta taaggtattt catcacagag gagagacttt tctgtgtgtg 75960 tgtgcatgtg tgttgtgtgc gtgtatgtgt gtatgtgtgt aacttgaagg cacatctagt 76020 gacatttcca taaaggtcat caaaggtctg cgtatgccat actgtatcat aatttcacat 76080 gggtatgtat aatacaggtg tatatcaatg tgtaatactc tgtactgtaa agcgaaagag 76140 ttcacgtagt gatgtaataa tgtagctatc tgagctccaa agagacttgt attctcagtc 76200 ttctgaggct gatatgtatt ccacgggagc tgactgaagg ccctcgtgaa gctcttgcca 76260 ggtatacatt acttacgacc tcttagacag atgcaattat aaaggagcca tgacaattac 76320 aggacatggt gatggcagaa gcaaggtaag tactgggtgt gttaagccac ttctgaagga 76380 taatcatgca gtgtgtcggt gtggtaggca cccccaaagt gacccagcat aatcaaggag 76440 gctacagtta gacaggaaga gagagctcca tttgtgcctc cttgaaataa aagccactgt 76500 acccagttct gattctctat aaagctccac tggctattat ttggaaattc tctttcttgc 76560 tttctctccc tcatttcatt tttataatga aataaataga aagggtaaaa tacagtatta 76620 aattgcttat tctgtctgat aattctttct gtccttcttg atatatataa tctctgtggt 76680 gggtttctgg atgtgtttaa aattccaaga agcagttttt tttttttttt atcactataa 76740 aagaccgatt gttcaggggc ttatttgtca cttgatcaaa tgtgtctttc taatgaagtc 76800 tgttaactaa taagaatata ccaagcaggg attgggtaag ctgccatgaa aaatactctg 76860 tgggggtaat aagagagaga aagaacattt tttgctttga aggagctcat agttagattg 76920 agcattatac tccccacagt ataatttatg aatcactact gttagaagtg ggattgtgtc 76980 ccttccccta cacataaaaa aaagatatgt tgaagtcata atccccagta ctttggaatg 77040 tgatctgatt tgaaaatagg ctcattgcag atataattag ttgagatgag gtcatcctgc 77100 aggagggtgg gtccctaatc cagtatgact ggtgtcctta taaaaagaca gccatgtgaa 77160 gactcagtca cagggagcct gccatgtgaa gatgaaggca gaaattgaag ctatgcaact 77220 atagccaagg aacaccaaaa attgccagca aaccaccaga tgctagaaga ggcaaagaag 77280 gatcctccct ggaggcgtca gagagatcat ggcccagcca acaccgtgat ttcagacttc 77340 tagcccccag atttgtgaca ggataagtta gtgttataag tcacccagtt tgtggtactt 77400 tgttactaca gttctaggtt acccatacac ctatcaagcc aactctccct aaatcctagt 77460 atatattgtt agaaaagata aaagggcact gaagagagag gaggatgcct tccttccttc 77520 cttctttctt tctttcttca tgtttttttt gtttttttgt tttcttttct tttgtttttg 77580 acagagtctc gctctgtcac ccaggctgga atgcagtggt acaatcttgg ctcgctgcag 77640 cctcaacctc ccaggctcaa cagatcctcc tgccccagcc ttttgagtaa ctgggactac 77700 agatgtgcac caccatgtcc agctaatttt taaaaatgtt ttcatagagg tgaggtctca 77760 ttatgttgct cagactggtc tcaaacttct gggctcaaac gatccttcca tctcagcgtc 77820 ccatagtgct gagattacag gcgtgaggca ccacgcctgg ccttgttctc ccttctaatg 77880 aaccagcaca tccctattac ctggactgtg ttctcttagt gctggttttt tggatgttca 77940 tagtcatcct tttacactct cctctctaca ggaaatcttc cctgacctca tctacctggc 78000 aaggatagat gccctgcctg taacatttcc tggtaaccta tgaacacatc gttttaagtt 78060 tttgttgaga tgtctatatt cccttactac ccaatgcact cctttaagaa caggcaccat 78120 cttattatcc tggggtatac gtataatgca atgctttgct tacagccagt gcttaatatt 78180 tgttgaacta aactggagga agtgaggtat aaaataaaat caaacaaatg aataaatgag 78240 gactcaagtg catacaagat gctcggcaat gaatgaatga ctgaacaaac aaattaactg 78300 atcatattaa atatttgaat attattagtt attattatta ctttgaatga gggtaaaagg 78360 ctcctccaaa gccaatgaaa gccttccaga gtatggatgt gggagtgatg tgttggagaa 78420 tcatttgttc ctgctgtagg taagccaaga aatgctcaca agagtgtgtt ctctgtgcct 78480 gtctgcctga gagaaaatct tggtctttaa taacacggtt ttgacctaga gagtcagatt 78540 tctccaaaat taatcaatga atatgtattc taccagtgtc agcaaaccaa aatataaggg 78600 tttgtgggga tttaaataag tttatgtttc cctctctctt gtatgggctt aatattctat 78660 tggaggaaat ggacatttcc acacatccag gattaccctt gaagccacta tgcgcaaggg 78720 accacatgct cagcaaatcc cgtagcattg catggggaac tagggaaagg gacctgactt 78780 tagtttagag tgaaagtaag catgtcattg aaaaactggg cttcaagttt ggatnnnnnn 78840 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn 78900 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnntagtta caagccaaag tttgcaagtt 78960 tggagtatat aatccatgtt ttagagatat tgtttagatt aggcttctag ggatgaaagg 79020 cgcgtgtgag atgataggtt ggtggccagt tgtgttatca atactgaact aaggaatctg 79080 gagtttattc cctaggcatt agaagcctct gaaagttttt gacaaggtag ggaacataat 79140 cataacaata actcacacgt attgaatacc aggcaatgtg actgatgctc tccctactcc 79200 gtgacactta attttctcga caaacataca aggtgcgttt tactattcct tttcattgat 79260 gagagaatta tagatccagt aagccatatt taggcttgtc tgactcttaa gcctctgcac 79320 cttttcgcta cgctaatgat tttcaaaggc acttggcaca gccctatggc ttcttcaaag 79380 aactctaagg gaccactgag taaatggaat ggattgattg tcaggtggcc cagatggcca 79440 ggacccttag tcaatgagtg aaattccact tttttctgct gtataccctg catatcacag 79500 agtgttgatt tcagaaatgg ccaccaggaa ggaggtaact aagaagccag caacaggttc 79560 tggttttggc cttatgattt taacattgtt atcaccaaca tgatgaagac attggctgca 79620 ctgttgctag tgctctgtgg ctccgaagag tagcttatac attgaatagc aaactgaaaa 79680 ttcagagaga ttccaaaagg ctaaaacttg ggtcagataa tagagttcaa cattaacaga 79740 tatatatgtg taatttgcat ttatgtttga aaaatgaatt atataaatac aggctacagc 79800 agtggttctc agagtaatcc ctggttagca gcttctacat cacctgggaa cttgttagaa 79860 atgcagattc ttgggcctcc acctcatcct attaaatcag aggctctggg gatggggctt 79920 agcaatctgt gttaatgagc actccagatg tttctgaagc aggctaacat tggagaccac 79980 tgggctagaa agaccaaccc tcctcccttc ttgctttgca ttatttcttt ctctttattc 80040 cacctcattc cagaaaggat ttggagtgga aaaatctgac ttaacaacag tttgtgaata 80100 agaacaaagg ttttatttta caaaaaaatt tctgtgactc aatgatgtgt tgtggctgct 80160 gccaaaagta aatagtttgc attaaaagta gtgaccagaa caagggaagc aatagctact 80220 cccctcttca catttgacag gttctgtata tctccatatt ctgttagacc atatctggag 80280 tttgttgagg aactaatttt aagaagacat tggaaagggt tttaacaagg atggtgacac 80340 accttgaact tttgccttaa agggatcagt tgagggaagc cacctcttgt gactagagcc 80400 tgacatggaa aagaaagaat tttacatctt gctccagagg gcgaaaaaca atattggaaa 80460 gccttctcca ctggtattaa gagggaaaga cattagtcca ggctcttcct gaagggcttt 80520 gttaacacac ctaagtgctt caggcttccg ttttttgttt gtttgtttgt ttgtttttgt 80580 tttttattta gttggagtct tgctccatca cggaggctgg agtgcagtgg tgtgttctcg 80640 gctcaccaca agctccgtct cctgggttca cgccattctc ctgcctcagc ctcccgagta 80700 gctgggatta caggtgccag ccaccacgcc cggctaattt tttgtatttt tagtagagac 80760 gggatttcac cgtgttagcc aggatggtct tgatctcctg acctcataat ctgcccacct 80820 cagcctccca aagtgctagg attacagatg tgagccaccg tgcccgacct ggtcttctgt 80880 ttcttttaga atgcagataa taagggccat gatgttcatc ccacaagatt tctgtgaagg 80940 gctaaaaaca tggcaaaaag ttcaaatatt tgaaaaacta caatggttgt acaaatatga 81000 ggcaatggcg ctattattaa ggaagactag ttgatggaaa ttttaagtcc aagataatgg 81060 agaatctcaa caatatggat tgtccaaaag ggggacgacc tttctcatta aatagtgagt 81120 tcacggtcat gagaggcctt tagacaaaga gatgttagag aatgaactgt atgggattga 81180 agcagatggt ttcaaagtgc cttgccaatg ccagtatttc ataatgctga agtgaatgac 81240 ttgaggtcag gcagatctga gagactcgtg ctcacagcca gcagagtgaa tgtttgattc 81300 atcatttgtt catcactact tgcaagtcac tgcaaacatt taaaacattt aaatacattt 81360 aaacactgaa cacacttaaa gatatttaat gattaaacat atttaaagcg ttaaaaacat 81420 taaatgcatt taaaaacaag atgggcccac actaatgaac ctggtgtcaa tttttctcta 81480 cagcactata gttaaattcc ctttgcatta gaagtctgat tgaatagccc catggtctcc 81540 tgtggatctg ttgatgtatg aatttggaaa gtaacattga attcccaatg ctttcttata 81600 actctttgca atgtctcata gacgtgtaag agatgttgcc cttagtgtct aacccaagtc 81660 ctgagttgtt ttacagcatt tttattttaa ggttaagatt tcttctggct ataattttgc 81720 atctagactt ctacttgttt tttcccccct caaactattg ggtaacatca gtgactttca 81780 cctttatcca ctgcccagtt ggctgctttc caatggcaga gaaatgaatg gatgcttttg 81840 tgtagggagt tgtgtaattc aatgaagagc ttggagcctt gctgaaggcg atatgtgggt 81900 atttcacaca tattatatct aatgattata tatcagtaat gtaatgaagg tggcattcaa 81960 acatcactgt gggtggcagc taagccaaag acagctaaat cttattttta atacatgaga 82020 agcccccttt tctaattcaa tcagaaacag ttgttggtca gttaaagatt aaaaaatcag 82080 ttaaagccag ggattagaaa aacataggag agagaaacag aaagagagag atgcaaacct 82140 taaattttta aaacttaaaa caaatatata tgtatgtaca tatggatgta tacatacaca 82200 ttcacatgct gaggctgagt tctttttgtg aaaggccaag gacttttctt tgacatggat 82260 gtgccaatta ccaatccatg tcattttgtt ttgtataaat cacatttata gtgcatcatc 82320 tacaatttct atttttattt ttctgaagta gagatgttta aggacaattg ctgagcaacc 82380 tgagtgtagg attcttctaa ctttttatcg tattatttct tctgtagctg tctctctcac 82440 acctaaaatt agaaaaaaaa ttattgtgat aaaatataca taatataaac attacagttt 82500 aaccatcctt taagtataca agtcagcagc attaagtaca ttcaccacaa tattgtatag 82560 ccatcaccac tatccatttc tagaactttt tttatcgcca gcagaaactc tgtacccatt 82620 aaacaatacc ttctaattac cttctacacc cctactaacc tctaacctct attctgcttc 82680 ttttttttct tcttatttat ttattttatt attatacttt aagttctagg gtacatgtgc 82740 acaatgtgca ggtttgttac atatgtatac atgtgccatg ttggtgtgct gcacccatta 82800 acttgtcatt tacattaggt atatctccta atgctatccc tcccctctcc ccccacctca 82860 ggacaagccc cagtgtgtga tgttcccctt cctgtgtcca agtgttctca ttgttcaatt 82920 cccacctatg agtgagaaca tgcggtgttt ggttttctgt ccttgcgata gtttgctgag 82980 aatgatggtt tctagcttca tccatgtccc tacagaagac atgaactcat cctttttttg 83040 actgtgtagt attccatggt gtatatgtgc cacattttct taatccagtc tatcattgat 83100 gggcatttgg gttggttcca agtctttgct attgtgaata gtgccgcaat aaacattcgt 83160 gtgcatgtgt ctttatagca gcatgattta taatcctttg ggtatatacc cagtaatggg 83220 atggctgggt caaatggtat ttctacttct agacccttga ggaattgcca cactgtcttc 83280 cacaatggtt gaactagttt acagtcccac caacagtgta aaagtgttcc tatttctcca 83340 catcctctcc agcacctgtt gtttcctgac tttttaatga ctgccattct aactggtgtg 83400 agatggtatc tcattgtggt tttgatttgc atttctctga tggccagtga tgatgagcat 83460 tttttcatgt atctgttggc tgcataaatg tcttcttttg agaagtgtct gttcatatcc 83520 tttgcctact ttttgatggg gttgtttgat tttttcttgt aaatttgttt aagttctttg 83580 tagattctgg atattagccc tttgtcagat gggtagattg caaaaatttt ctcccattct 83640 gtaggttgcc tgttcacttt gatggtagtt tctttttgct gtgcagaagc tctttagttt 83700 aattagatcc catttgccaa ttttggcttt tgttgccatt gcttttggtg ttttagacat 83760 gaagtccttg cccatgccca tgtcctgaat ggtattgcct gggttttctt ctagggcttt 83820 tatggtttta ggtctaacat ttaagtcttt aatccatctt gaattaattt ttgtataagg 83880 tgtaaggaag ggatccaatt tcagctttct acatatggct agccagtttt cccagcacca 83940 tttattaaat agggaatcct ttctccattt cttgtttttg tcaggtttgt caaagatcag 84000 atggtcgtag atgtgtggtg ttatttctga gggctctgtt ctgttccatt gatctatatc 84060 tctgttttgg taccagcacc atgctttttt ggttactgta gccttgtagt atagtttgaa 84120 gtcaggtagc atgatgcttc cagctttgtt cttttggctt aggtttgtct tggcaatgtg 84180 ggctcttttt tggttccata tgaactttaa agtagttttt tccaattctg tgaagaaagc 84240 cactggtagc ttgatgggga tggcactgaa tctataaatt accttgggca gtatggccat 84300 tttcacgata ttgattctcc ctatccatga gcatcttttt tttttttttt tttttttttc 84360 tgagacagag tcttgctctg tcagccaggc tggagtgcag tggcacgatc tcagctcact 84420 gcaacctccg cctcctgggc tcaagcaatt ttcctgcctc agtctcccga gtagctggga 84480 ttacaggtgt gtgccacaca cacccagcta atttttgtat ttttaataca gacggggttt 84540 caccatgttg gccaggctgg tctcaaactc ctgacctcag gtaatccacc tgccttggcc 84600 tcccaaagag ctgggattac aggcgtgagc cactgtgcct ggcctattct gctttttatc 84660 tctatgaatt tgcctattta aagtaccttt tgtaagtgga atcacaatat ttgtccttct 84720 gtgtcagctt atttcactta gcataatcct cagagttcat ccatgtcatg tagcatgtgt 84780 ctgaatttta ttctttctta tggctgaata atatcttagt ggatgagtgt actacatttt 84840 gtttatgcat tcatctcttg atgagtactt gaattttttc ccaccttttg actattgtga 84900 gtaatgctgc tatgaacatt gatgtataag tattgcttga gtgccagctt tcagttcttt 84960 tggctatata tcttaagaat ggaatttctg gatcatgggg taattcaatg tttgcctttt 85020 tgaggaacta gcaaactgtt ttccaaaaaa ctttctttcc tataggaact tgtctttatg 85080 aagactttcc aagacagtca actggctttc ggagaagaaa cagctctctt tacttttggt 85140 cctgcatttc atcagtttct agaccattta attaacttgc ataattacaa taacaagtcc 85200 aagtgtcata agcaggttta gaaatgtata tcatttcatg ctttctaggg aaaaaaagaa 85260 atgtataaaa ttgatatttg ttaagcatac aactcaactg gtaagagtgg aagtgcttgg 85320 agagtaactt tccccaatga tccccagtgt gctttgggca tcagccaata tatattataa 85380 aacacagaat taatggagaa tgctggttac tctggccagt taaggggagg ccagttaaga 85440 gagcttctac tattcaacta aattatcttt gtcatgataa gatacataaa gaggccgggc 85500 gtggtagctc aagcctgtaa tcctagcact ttgggaggct gaggtgggtg gctcgagacc 85560 agcctgggca acatggcaaa accccgtctc tactaaaaat ataaaaaatt agccgggcat 85620 gggtggcgca cacctgtagt cccagctact ccggagtctg aggcgagaga atcacttgaa 85680 ccctgtaagc ggaggttgca gtgagccaag atcacaccac tgtactccaa cctgggtgat 85740 agagtgagac cctgtctcaa aaaaaaaaaa agtataaaga aatttagaag caaatgactc 85800 atgaatctag aaaaacaatt aacagctaca tatccacaac tactaacatt caatactctt 85860 gttgtttgga gacctgagaa agacagacag caaaggctaa aatagaatgg gaagttgact 85920 gatctggtca cttcctgtat aaacttttga atgtaagcag caggttgatt ttccatgcct 85980 tcttctctta cagttcaatt tagtgtgggt gataaatggg agataaacag aggatagtga 86040 ggttgtgcct attcttagga agaagatacc tttcaagtta agattcaaga ctttacgatg 86100 tgattagaag gttttctaga tagttctgaa gcaaaatcat gaagctgtag gaggaatact 86160 tttatatagc atcattcatc cttgttagca acccaaatga ttaaaggttt gggaaattac 86220 acctttaaat atggtctaaa ggaactgggt ttatttagtt tagagaaagc aagcaagcac 86280 gctgaggggg acttaatcat agtctccaag aatatgaggg atattctctg agtgatggaa 86340 agcagctgtt tcctgtttcc actaaggact ggataagaag aatggagtta acatgcaaca 86400 agtgggttaa gaactctttg gccatgaagt tcaagacaac aaatccacca gacaaaagtc 86460 gctactgtgt ttgagaatta tgtagctaac taactgtatt tcttgggtgg tttatatgtg 86520 gcctgttcat gagtctggag ctagtgaaaa agatccagag gacctttcac ccaagtgaga 86580 ggatgagatt gtctgttttc tgagcctacc agtgctctgt ggttgaggaa gctcttatcg 86640 tagttctcct agtaggattt aaaagagaaa aagcttcaga gtctctttgc tgctctttgg 86700 actctttcca agtaagataa tctaaatgta ctccttttct ataaggtgga agatttatat 86760 agatttggca ttatgtgtct tttctgctta tttggtcgat atggccataa tttttaaaaa 86820 ttctgtgtct ttagtgaaac tggacatata tatacacaca tatatacatg tatatgtatg 86880 tatatgtcat agacatttga catgtatatc ataagtaatt aattcagcaa tggagacaat 86940 gtttagttct aggtagtatg tctaaatgtt agctatgtga ataagataat acactgtgct 87000 aattagcagc acagaaatat gcaaagcatt ttgtaaaaat gcactgttgc agattagcta 87060 ggggaagaat ttagagacaa aacgatgagt tctgtgaatg ttaccagttt ttagtcaatg 87120 aggcagatca gaatgcctga aaactgcttc tcaaccattg tttttcttat tcctgttcca 87180 tagtaggtta attataccat ttattcagaa ttagataagt gatgtcttac tttcccaact 87240 gggagtattt tcaaggcaag gtttgattcc taggagatgg actgctatta agctgtatct 87300 ttaaagctgt agctttatgc caacattcat tgtgtatacg ttccactatc ttatattttc 87360 atcttgtacc agcatttatt ttaatcttat ttaaaaatct ttgcctctgt cattgaatgt 87420 tttcttgact caataacttg tttggccttt aaaaatccag cactgaagtg ggaaaatgac 87480 tcgggattga gttggatcat ctcttcacac ttgttcactg ggaggcattg ggcaagttag 87540 ttaacctcct tgagtttgct tccttaatct accctacagg aacattttga ggattaaata 87600 aaataaaata atgcatgcca agcccagagc gtagtgtacc cagccctcaa gtcatgttta 87660 tctgctttct ttaattcgca aagaacattt cttacctatc atagagccat tgttgcctcc 87720 acattctctt cttttagtgg aggttttgga ccacaggggc agatctgtag aataagtctt 87780 gtgtaaaatt catgagggca cccaagggtc taattgtatg aatctccttc cttttctata 87840 tttacttaat ccagaaaaaa gtctaccatt atggcaagta ttttaggaag cgtctgttgc 87900 caaattacct gaaacaaatc atgtacacac atggaaggaa agtacatttt cagatgagtg 87960 gaaagatgat gcatttttgt tttacaaggt ttaaaggata gttaataaat cttctagata 88020 ctgaaataaa catttaatag atattgattc aattgagtgc tatggtttga aacgatatca 88080 aattgaagac atgatccctg acctgggaag ttttatgaat ttgctggaga gaccaagccc 88140 ataggtatgg aatgaccaca aaacagagta gtacaaaaat ccggaagagt agtacaaaaa 88200 tgacagcttg aacccctaag tactgaggaa aggcagcata cagggtttca gtagggattt 88260 actatagtag acttagaatc atgatttagt tcctaaaacc actatcattt caaaatagaa 88320 tttttttaaa accacctaaa atattcactt cctttcgaaa cctaggaaca tactacagtt 88380 gcgctttact catttgagat aaatacacct ttcttgaaat gttaactttt tctttatttt 88440 ttttgttttt gagaggcaat cccactctgt cacccaggct ggagtgcagt aatgccacct 88500 cggctcactg caacctccgt ctcccgggtt cgggtgattg tcctgcttca gcctcccgag 88560 tagctgggat tacaggcgcc caccactgtg cctggctaat ttttgtgttt agtagagaca 88620 gggttttacc atgttggcca ggctggtctt gaactcctga cttcaagtga tccgtccaac 88680 tcagcctccc aaagtgctgg gattacggtg agccaccacg cccagcctga gataaataca 88740 tcttcctaaa gcctcagtgt ttaggctggt ttgctttcag atattcatct atgcaccata 88800 ccaaactact tctgctgaga ttcattctga gtctgcaggg gatggaatac ctttataaat 88860 cataacaaat cacattaaga gtaaaatatc ccagctaggg acttacctca aaagctgagg 88920 catgacacat attttaatgg caatggattt ggaaaccaag gttaggaccg ttctttcttt 88980 attagaagga gatttataat tcagggcctt tgagagtgag cctgggtcct ctgaactgga 89040 cttctcctct tgtcccttcc tgtaccccaa ctccccaaat taaataagta gggaagcaga 89100 acaagaaaac cattaactta atagcataga atttatggct gaaatcttgc aaagcttatg 89160 tcagcaaagt aaaataatta ctgtcacttt cttttagaca cttggcttta tggttcctgt 89220 cacctttatc ataacatgca gctgatttag tagctatttt ttcatggcaa atagcctggt 89280 gttgtgtttt tatgcatgtg accatgcaat tgagatgaca atgcatggct atactacagt 89340 agagctaaat ttaggtaatg aattagaaca ctgttaatag ttttggttta gtcatgctgt 89400 cagaatgcca actcagcctt ttctcttgct ctttttcccc tccagattct caagtccaaa 89460 gatttaacat ctccaaccca gcgctacatc gacagcaaag ttgtgaaaac aagagcagaa 89520 ggcgaatggc tctccttcga tgtaactgat gctgttcatg aatggcttca ccataaaggt 89580 tacaagccac tctctctttt cctcccaaga tgttcagtat ccctaagtta ctttaaattg 89640 attgcagatt taagggtata gacacacata caaatgacct ccttgactta atgttttcca 89700 gacaggaacc tgggatttaa aataagctta cactgtccct gctgcacttt tgtaccatct 89760 aataattaca tcatcccaaa taaaagtgaa gaactagaag caagatttgc aggtaaccaa 89820 aacttggtca tatgaggtgg gggagggaag ggtctatatt gataatctca tgggggataa 89880 aatcagtttg catgtgaaaa tgagactggt aaggcctggg gagtttcatt catttggaca 89940 gtgatatggt tggatataca tatgtgaagg gagaaaggat tggaagaacg gaataggttc 90000 ccagtttata attctcaatg cccagtgatg acttggtcaa taataactga ttaactcatt 90060 aaccctccag tagtaagtta aggcctttgt tcttcattgt agcaaaccaa ctttccatct 90120 atactgatat tatagagaaa gatagaatgt gtttaagaaa attcattgat aatcccccaa 90180 accaaatgtc aggaactgac aaccgtattt cacagaagaa aggagtctcc tcctgctaca 90240 gcttccataa ctaaccttcc atgtataaga acattccacc ttttctagtc catacccagt 90300 atttcaagtg ggttccttat cagaatttta tattagttta taaacacata aaaatgtttt 90360 ggctttcccc acgcttacct ttaagtaagt tggacaaaag tcatggagag tgaggcgata 90420 ccaagggctc aagtcacttc atgtattaga tgatgagttg ttggatgatg agaggtgaga 90480 ggaaatccat gcctatgtgc cgatacagca tctgcccaca atgccaggcc agagaattga 90540 tttccctgcc ctcctaacat cacccaggac ctccatccac ttttagaaga ctacagcagc 90600 ccttgctcat ggaaaaatac tcccagaggt ctagagattt atttcagtct ctaacctagt 90660 catgattctc tggagtgtgg agattaaatg cttaaactgg cagtctcttg agcatgcttt 90720 ggggagctca agtttctaaa tctcagatgg aatcaggaaa gtgttgagga tgccataaaa 90780 taaatgaaaa agccctttct tcacagcttc ccaaaatagc attaggtaag ggtgacttct 90840 gtttcacttg aacctaattc actccaattc agttaagtct cagtttatgt tcattaggaa 90900 agtcttttga gtttagtagt cttaggaaga gtgtgaacca gcgggtgaca aggcatgttc 90960 tattgccatg tgttcagttg ttgagggctt gaacgcagcc taaactgagg attgactaaa 91020 ataaactgcc tagattgccc ttggactata ggtcaaagac tgcttctgta gtgactttca 91080 taaccaacag ccctggcttt gacaccgaac tgccttctga caagagcccc atttagaagt 91140 gttaattgtc acgtgggtta gtcgtagtcc tgttgtgcca tatctatttc catggggaat 91200 aactgttgcc agctgatgct gctttggtgg tcatcactgc tatttgtgac aatatacaaa 91260 ggaaaaaaat atggctgact atatttgatg aaggtgaagc taaatgttta ttacccaaat 91320 gcattttttc aaggtattga tggcacctcc acatatacca gtggtgatca gaaaactata 91380 aagtccacta ggaaaaaaaa cagtgggaag accccacatc tcctgctaat gttattgccc 91440 tcctacagac ttgagtcaca acagaccaac cggcggaaga agcgtgcttt ggatgcggcc 91500 tattgcttta ggtaaaggaa agaaaagtaa aaccaagtaa ttgcatctgt taactcttaa 91560 actgcctttg ccctttcttt tactgtgtat tgacccaagt ggaactcact gctaaggcca 91620 gatagagtgc agtacagctc ctgtgtctca taataccatt cttcccagag gcttatattc 91680 atcaggtctt tagcagtgaa ccaagtgtga agggagaaaa ctaaccccct gaattttttc 91740 cccaaaattc ctctgaagtt ctttggtgct gaagaagaaa acaagctctc tgctcctcag 91800 aacaaataaa agcttatttg aggtgtgtga tgtcaactcc ttaattaaga aagacccacc 91860 atctggatga tgccttcatc ctcaccaagt ccaagtgctg atagtcacac ttctttcata 91920 gtaacagaga tgagacagca gaagaatgcc gtgtgtcaca cctttagcaa cagcatatga 91980 gagaagcaag aagaatttat ttcccattcc cacatgagtg catggaggga gaatgtgaat 92040 gttcttatgt ggtctcagta agaggagggc tctttcctta ttttgagagg tacaggacag 92100 ggaagggtcc tcactgatga agtgctcaaa atgtcagagg ccatgagtaa agtggcactt 92160 tttggttgcc agatccagtg gttgccctca gcaagactcc atgtttcttg atctctggtt 92220 cattcctaga tcagagaaca tgtggtgaaa caaaggatca attctcaaag gaaaacgcct 92280 tagatggttg tttgaaaatt gctgttgtac ttctttcatt ttatatttga aagggcaata 92340 gaggctggat ggcagaactg cccagtgttg attggaaagg gcttcatcat gcccagccac 92400 tctctgctta tatctggtca tctgaaggta aatgtatgat tttccaggtc acagacaagg 92460 aagtcagggt atagaactca taagggcaag tagtccagca aatcaccacc acatacaaca 92520 ccctatcatg aaagtcactt gagattacaa taaagccatt aaaacctggc ccatgatatt 92580 tgctcattag atgtttgttg aataaatgaa tgaatcattt ttctggtttg gggtgaggtg 92640 gtggtagagt gagggtggtg aatcagcttt aaaatctcca ttgctttttt tttttttttt 92700 taacagaaat gtgcaggata attgctgcct acgtccactt tacattgatt tcaagaggga 92760 tctagggtgg aaatggatac acgaacccaa agggtacaat gccaacttct gtgctggagc 92820 atgcccgtat ttatggagtt cagacactca gcacagcagg gtgagtgttc agcttacctg 92880 ttgcctctgt tcttgggtta ccatgtgcac ctgctgatag tatttccaaa tgagttgtaa 92940 ttaacctcgt gctgtcttac catcacacat gtatgggtac tggagaaaaa tctttcatta 93000 ggttggtgca aaagtattcg cagtttttgc cattgaaaat aatggcaaga aactccccta 93060 atagatgagg aggaagaatg ttaactgtag gtgaaatcag aaagtgacac tgatcggtta 93120 caaaccataa gtctcacctg cccagttatt aacaactgga gggaagtttt gtttactttt 93180 ttctttattt tatattcttt ttcaaaaaca atttttattg atacataatt gcatatatta 93240 atgaggtaca tgtgatattt tgatacatgt atacaatgtg taatgatgaa atcagggtaa 93300 ttaggatatc cattgcctca aaaatttatc atttcctcat ttggggaaca ttccagatca 93360 tctcttctag ttactttaaa atagacaata aattattgtt aactatagta accctactgt 93420 gctataaaac attagaattt attccttcta tctaactgta ttttcatacc tattaatcaa 93480 cttctcttca cccttaccct gttcccagcc tctggtaacc atcattctac tctctgcctc 93540 cataagtttt atattcttaa cagctataag cataaatagc caagaaaaca ccctttttag 93600 aatcaatatg tcacatagta tcatatatag ataaagtgtg aagggaccca ggtctccatc 93660 taaaaaaaaa atctgctatc atctccatca gagactgtta tattagaaag aacattgggg 93720 atttcagtta atgcctggga gtgtgtgatt attagtaaat acactatcaa tttactaatg 93780 tatgacagaa tgtaatttaa catctctaaa cctcagtttc ttatcagtaa gaaggaatgt 93840 ctgtattaaa agttatcttt aaaataataa tgccaaactc aagagttgat atgaagtaca 93900 aaagatgata tacatgaaaa tgacttgaaa attcgtttct ctactttttt tttaatgtaa 93960 cacaaagtaa atgagaatct gagtatttta tcaagttgtt tcaatgaaga cagagttgat 94020 tcagaaggta attcccagat tggatggtat gagtttccgg caagattaga gaagagtttt 94080 tctatgtaat aatgatattt gttcacatgc ttcctcttga tggctcatca ggattttaga 94140 gatagaaagg acatcttatc caacgctttc attttcttaa agaaattggg gaccgggcgc 94200 agtgactcat gcctgtattt ccagcacttc gggaggccga ggcaggtgga tcacgaggtc 94260 aggagttcaa gaccagcctg gtcaagatga tgaaaccccg tctctactaa aaatacaaaa 94320 aaattaacca ggcatggtgg cgggtgcctg caatcccagc tactcgggag gttgaggcag 94380 agaatcgctt gaacccagga ggcggaggtt gcagtgagcc gagatcgcac cactgcactc 94440 cagcctgggt ggcagagtga gatcctgtct caaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa agaaattggg 94500 gtctagatca tgtagtctag atgataccca aaaccaaaca gaaaattagt gacaaaccaa 94560 ggcttggcat gcaggcctcc ttgttttata accaggcctc catttgctct atcttagtgg 94620 gtttaattcc taaaatatgg ttacacgtta gggtttctat tctgctcttt atgcctctgt 94680 aaatctccct attaaagaag cattagaaaa attgccttca ctgcagggta ggaaaatgga 94740 tcagctgcca aaaaagatca catactacat tcagctgaat tcatgagttt gggggttatc 94800 aattatttta gacaatctgt attataaaaa ttcctcttta gttcatatga aaactcatgt 94860 gttcagggag cataaagtat atttatttat aaatacctac atatgctgga atttaaattg 94920 acaaatacgg ctcctcttcc ttcagctgtt ttcccaactc ccctgtagac tttggcactc 94980 gggggcgacc gtgtgcttgg ccatgtgagg gaagcttgct catgcctgtc cctttgtctg 95040 agctctctgg ccaggctgcc tcctctgggc tgcggcagca gtagctgtaa tgtgggcaag 95100 gccctgttgc caagtagaaa cataattctc ctctctgata cacagaggga gtgtgtgaag 95160 gctgagacca tgcttgtttt tcaaggagag aggaagaata actgtcatgg tcacaaatat 95220 gtggtttgga cagttaccca agaagccaga ggtagcttaa taaagtagtc agtgttgctg 95280 tgctgaacag atcttctgtc ttaggctgaa aaaattgcag tgaatctcga ggaaaaggtc 95340 acttgctgtt tgactaacac attaatggca tccttggaaa tgtctctgta tcatcagtgg 95400 ggaacctaca tacttccatt agtaaaagtc tcacacccct ctgatacaga atggggttga 95460 aggtgtaagg ctaattatag aaccgtctct tcattctgtt ttcagacttg ccattaactc 95520 ctccaactca gcaactacca tttaccgcat aggttagtgg agggttgatt atgattgtga 95580 ttatgattat gatcgtttta agcaaaatgt aagaaagtga ataattattt cttataggag 95640 atcttagaga tcacttttat gtcatttcta gcatcactgt gtttatgaag caatggtaaa 95700 aaaacaggct tttttttttt taatgaaaat tgaggatacc ttaaattggc ctgaggagac 95760 acttaacgta gaaagatttc atttccttcc ttccttattt atttatttaa agaaacaggg 95820 tctgggtctg ttgtccaagc tggtcctgaa ctcctacact caagtgatcc ttcaaagtgt 95880 tgggattaca ggcgtgagcc accgtgccca gcctgtagaa agatttcaca ttgcatacag 95940 gtgtcttttt ctatacccaa aggtagatta aagctcttat gagagctttg ataaaacttt 96000 ttattcttct acttattcat gtattcattt cttcacttag tacatgaatc tcattttggg 96060 cagagaagac ttactagnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn 96120 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnngaa 96180 ttctttttaa aaacgaattg cgttcatttt ccgtctttcc ctatgttgtc tctcctctcc 96240 tgtgtccttt caggtcctga gcttatataa taccataaat ccagaagcat ctgcttctcc 96300 ttgctgcgtg tcccaagatt tagaacctct aaccattctc tactacattg gcaaaacacc 96360 caagattgaa cagctttcta atatgattgt aaagtcttgc aaatgcagct aaaattcttg 96420 gaaaagtggc aagaccaaaa tgacaatgat gatgataatg atgatgacga cgacaacgat 96480 gatgcttgta acaagaaaac ataagagagc cttggttcat cagtgttaaa aaatttttga 96540 aaaggcggta ctagttcaga cactttggaa gtttgtgttc tgtttgttaa aactggcatc 96600 tgacacaaaa aaagttgaag gccttattct acatttcacc tactttgtaa gtgagagaga 96660 caagaagcaa atttttttta aagaaaaaaa taaacactgg aagaatttat tagtgttaat 96720 tatgtgaaca acgacaacaa caacaacaac aacaaacagg aaaatcccat taagtggagt 96780 tgctgtacgt accgttccta tcccgcgcct cacttgattt ttctgtattg ctatgcaata 96840 ggcacccttc ccattcttac tcttagagtt aacagtgagt tatttattgt gtgttactat 96900 ataatgaacg tttcattgcc cttggaaaat aaaacaggtg tataaagtgg agaccaaata 96960 ctttgccaga aactcatgga tggcttaagg aacttgaact caaacgagcc agaaaaaaag 97020 aggtcatatt aatgggatga aaacccaagt gagttattat atgaccgaga aagtctgcat 97080 taagataaag accctgaaaa cacatgttat gtatcagctg cctaaggaag cttcttgtaa 97140 ggtccaaaaa ctaaaaagac tgttaataaa agaaactttc agtcagaata agtctgtaag 97200 tttttttttt tctttttaat tgtaaatggt tctttgtcag tttagtaaac cagtgaaatg 97260 ttgaaatgtt ttgacatgta ctggtcaaac ttcagacctt aaaatattgc tgtatagcta 97320 tgctataggt tttttccttt gttttggtat atgtaaccat acctatatta ttaaaataga 97380 tggatataga agccagcata attgaaaaca catctgcaga tctcttttgc aaactattaa 97440 atcaaaacat taactacttt atgtgtaatg tgtaaatttt taccatattt tttatattct 97500 gtaataatgt caactatgat ttagattgac ttaaatttgg gctcttttta atgatcactc 97560 acaaatgtat gtttctttta gctggccagt acttttgagt aaagccccta tagtttgact 97620 tgcactacaa atgcattttt tttttaataa catttgccct acttgtgctt tgtgtttctt 97680 tcattattat gacataagct acctgggtcc acttgtcttt tctttttttt gtttcacaga 97740 aaagatgggt tcgagttcag tggtcttcat cttccaagca tcattactaa ccaagtcaga 97800 cgttaacaaa tttttatgtt aggaaaagga ggaatgttat agatacatag aaaattgaag 97860 taaaatgttt tcattttagc aaggatttag ggttctaact aaaactcaga atctttattg 97920 agttaagaaa agtttctcta ccttggttta atcaatattt ttgtaaaatc ctattgttat 97980 tacaaagagg acacttcata ggaaacatct ttttctttag tcaggttttt aatattcagg 98040 gggaaattga aagatatata ttttagtcga tttttcaaaa ggggaaaaaa gtccaggtca 98100 gcataagtca ttttgtgtat ttcactgaag ttataaggtt tttataaatg ttctttgaag 98160 gggaaaaggc acaagccaat ttttcctatg atcaaaaaat tctttctttc ctctgagtga 98220 gagttatcta tatctgaggc taaagtttac cttgctttaa taaataattt gccacatcat 98280 tgcagaagag gtatcctcat gctggggtta atagaatatg tcagtttatc acttgtcgct 98340 tatttagctt taaaataaaa attaataggc aaagcaatgg aatatttgca gtttcaccta 98400 aagagcagca taaggaggcg ggaatccaaa gtgaagttgt ttgatatggt ctacttcttt 98460 tttggaattt cctgaccatt aattaaagaa ttggatttgc aagtttgaaa actggaaaag 98520 caagagatgg gatgccataa tagtaaacag cccttgtgtt ggatgtaacc caatcccaga 98580 tttgagtgtg tgttgattat ttttttgtct tccacttttc tattatgtgt aaatcacttt 98640 tatttctgca gacattttcc tctcagatag gatgacattt tgtttt 98686 21 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 21 gtgccatcaa tacctgcaaa 20 22 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 22 catcagttac atcgaaggag 20 23 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 23 tcttgggaca cgcagcaagg 20 24 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 24 gaaatcaatg taaagtggac 20 25 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 25 catgaactgg tccatatcga 20 26 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 26 gaggttctaa atcttgggac 20 27 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 27 gcactctggc ttttgggttc 20 28 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 28 tagctcaatc cgttgttcag 20 29 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 29 ccctagatcc ctcttgaaat 20 30 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 30 accaaggctc tcttatgttt 20 31 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 31 tcgagtgtgc tgcaggtaga 20 32 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 32 tgaacagcat cagttacatc 20 33 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 33 gctgggttgg agatgttaaa 20 34 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 34 agaggttcta aatcttggga 20 35 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 35 cgccggttgg tctgttgtga 20 36 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 36 ctgctttcac caaattggaa 20 37 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 37 aagtatagat caaggagagt 20 38 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 38 tgctcaggat ctgcccgcgg 20 39 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 39 gtgctgttgt agatggaaat 20 40 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 40 agggcggcat gtctattttg 20 41 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 41 taagcttatt ttaaatccca 20 42 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 42 tagctgcatt tgcaagactt 20 43 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 43 tctgttgtga ctcaagtctg 20 44 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 44 aagcaatagg ccgcatccaa 20 45 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 45 tcaatgtaaa gtggacgtag 20 46 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 46 attttagctg catttgcaag 20 47 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 47 tgtagatgga aatcacctcc 20 48 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 48 ttaacactga tgaaccaagg 20 49 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 49 attgtaccct ttgggttcgt 20 50 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 50 agatccctct tgaaatcaat 20 51 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 51 tgtaaagtgg acgtaggcag 20 52 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 52 ccattcgcct tctgctcttg 20 53 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 53 tgttaaatct ttggacttga 20 54 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 54 gaagggcggc atgtctattt 20 55 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 55 gaccctgctg tgctgagtgt 20 56 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 56 gaactagtac cgccttttca 20 57 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 57 cgatcctctt gcgcatgaac 20 58 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 58 ccggccaaaa gggaagagat 20 59 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 59 aaagagacga gtggctatta 20 60 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 60 aagtggaaat attaatacgg 20 61 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 61 agatcaagga gagttgtttg 20 62 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 62 agttgttttt aaaagtcaga 20 63 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 63 tgtaacaact gggcagacag 20 64 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 64 ggtgttgtaa caactgggca 20 65 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 65 tacccacaga gcacctggga 20 66 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 66 gggatggcat caaggtaccc 20 67 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 67 tcgtcatcat cattatcatc 20 68 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 68 aagggtgcct attgcatagc 20 69 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 69 ctcactgtta actctaagag 20 70 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 70 gcaaagtatt tggtctccac 20 71 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 71 caagttcctt aagccatcca 20 72 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 72 ttatcttaat gcagactttc 20 73 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 73 cttacaagaa gcttccttag 20 74 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 74 actggtgagc ttcagcttgc 20 75 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 75 acttgagaat ctgatatagc 20 76 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 76 aggttcctgt ctttatggtg 20 77 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 77 gtgtatccat ttccacccta 20 78 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 78 cagcacagaa gttggcattg 20 79 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 79 gcaaggagaa gcagatgctt 20 80 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 80 agcaaggaga agcagatgct 20 81 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 81 ttttccaaga attttagctg 20 82 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 82 ttcttgttac aagcatcatc 20 83 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 83 ttaaagaagg agcggttcgg 20 84 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 84 ctgggctgaa atttatatat 20 85 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 85 gggcagacag ctaggagttt 20 86 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 86 gtgtactcac caaggtaccc 20 87 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 87 cccagcactt tgggaggccg 20 88 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 88 ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca 20 89 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 89 tgaccgtgaa ctcactattt 20 90 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 90 atagtggtga tggctataca 20 91 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 91 ttttggttac ctgcaaatct 20 92 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 92 gaacactcac cctgctgtgc 20 93 793 DNA M. musculus 93 gctgaagctc accagccccc cggaagacta tccggagccg gatgaggtcc ccccggaggt 60 gatttccatc tacaacagta ccagggactt actgcaggag aaggcaagcc ggagggcagc 120 cgcctgcgag cgcgagcgga gcgacgagga gtactacgcc aaggaggttt ataaaatcga 180 catgccgtcc cacctcccct ccgaaactgt ctgcccagtt gttacaacac cctctggctc 240 attgggcagc ttttgctcca gacagtccca ggtgctctgt gggtaccttg atgccatccc 300 gcccactttc tacagaccct acttcagaat cgtccgcttt gatgtctcaa caatgggaga 360 aaaatgcttc gaatctggtg aaggcagagt tcagggtctt ccgcttgcaa aaccccaaag 420 ccagagtggc cgagcagcgg attgaactgt atcagatcct taaatccaaa gacttaacat 480 ctcccaccca gcgctacatc gatagcaagg ttgtgaaaac cagagcggag ggtgaatggc 540 tctccttcga cgtgacagac gctgtgccag agtggcttca ccacaaagac aggaaccctg 600 gggttaaaat agtctacact gcccctgctg taccttcgtg ccgtctagta attacatcat 660 cccgaataaa agcgaagagc tcgaggcgag attttgcggt attgatgggc acctctacaa 720 tatgccaagg gtgatcagaa actattaagt ccacttggga aaaaaaccag tcggaagaac 780 cccacatttc ctg 793 94 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 94 gaatggctct ttaaacccta 20 95 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 95 gaagaaatgg agttcagtgt 20 96 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 96 tttctcctgg aagggagagg 20 97 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 97 aaatgcaacg cgttcccaac 20 98 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 98 aatacgaaac ttttgcaaag 20 99 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 99 actagtaatt ctcagagcgg 20 100 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 100 aagaaactag taattctcag 20 101 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 101 agtgcatgtt tttaaaagga 20 102 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 102 cagtagtgca tgtttttaaa 20 103 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 103 ctcagcacac agtagtgcat 20 104 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 104 agatgcagga gcaaaaaggt 20 105 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 105 caggtagaca gactgagcgc 20 106 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 106 gcctcgatcc tcttgcgcat 20 107 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 107 gcggatggcc tcgatcctct 20 108 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 108 ctcaggatct gcccgcggat 20 109 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 109 gctccggata gtcttccggg 20 110 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 110 agatggaaat cacctccggg 20 111 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 111 gttgtagatg gaaatcacct 20 112 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 112 ctggtactgt tgtagatgga 20 113 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 113 aggcggctgc cctccggctt 20 114 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 114 aacctccttg gcgtagtact 20 115 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 115 attttataaa cctccttggc 20 116 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 116 cggcatgtcg attttataaa 20 117 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 117 cgggatggca ttttcggagg 20 118 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 118 gtagggtctg tagaaagtgg 20 119 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 119 tgaagtaggg tctgtagaaa 20 120 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 120 attctgaagt agggtctgta 20 121 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 121 aagcggacga ttctgaagta 20 122 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 122 cccaggttcc tgtctttgtg 20 123 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 123 ggcagtgtaa acttatttta 20 124 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 124 ccatcaatac ctgcaaatct 20 125 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 125 aggtgccatc aatacctgca 20 126 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 126 agttttctga tcaccactgg 20 127 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 127 ttatagtttt ctgatcacca 20 128 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 128 cctagtggac tttatagttt 20 129 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 129 acattagcag gagatgtggg 20 130 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 130 agggcaacaa cattagcagg 20 131 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 131 actccagtct gtaggagggc 20 132 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 132 tcctgcacat ttctaaagca 20 133 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 133 cagcaattat cctgcacatt 20 134 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 134 atgtaaagag ggcgaaggca 20 135 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 135 ctcttaaaat caatgtaaag 20 136 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 136 ccaagatccc tcttaaaatc 20 137 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 137 cctttgggtt catggatcca 20 138 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 138 gcattgtacc ctttgggttc 20 139 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 139 gcacagaagt tagcattgta 20 140 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 140 ctgaggactt tggtgtgttg 20 141 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 141 tcctgggaca cacagcaagg 20 142 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 142 tttagctgca tttacaagac 20 143 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 143 caaggacttt agctgcattt 20 144 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 144 gtcattgtca ccgtgatttt 20 145 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 145 ccagttttaa caaacagaac 20 146 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 146 agatgccagt tttaacaaac 20 147 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 147 gttcattata tagtaacaca 20 148 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 148 atgaaaggtt cattatatag 20 149 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 149 ttccaagggt aatgaaaggt 20 150 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 150 cttaagccat ccatgagttt 20 151 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 151 cctggcttat ttgagttcaa 20 152 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 152 ttagtcctat aacaactcac 20 153 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 153 gcaaagaacc atttacaatt 20 154 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 154 cttgcttaaa ctggcaaaga 20 155 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 155 acatgtaaag tagttactgt 20 156 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 156 acacattaca tgtaaagtag 20 157 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 157 taagatctac acattacatg 20 158 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 158 attcaaaggt actggccagc 20 159 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 159 tttgtagtgc aagtcaaaat 20 160 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 160 catgtcatta aatggacaat 20 161 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 161 cctacatttg tgcgaacttc 20 162 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 162 ttcccccttt gaaaaactca 20 163 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 163 tttttaatca gcctgcaaag 20 164 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 164 actgggcaga cagtttcgga 20 165 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 165 taacaactgg gcagacagtt 20 166 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 166 tgttgtaaca actgggcaga 20 167 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 167 cacagagcac ctgggactgt 20 168 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 168 gtacccacag agcacctggg 20 169 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 169 tcaaggtacc cacagagcac 20 170 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 170 tggcatcaag gtacccacag 20 171 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Antisense Oligonucleotide 171 ggcgggatgg catcaaggta 20 172 20 DNA H. sapiens 172 tttgcaggta ttgatggcac 20 173 20 DNA H. sapiens 173 ctccttcgat gtaactgatg 20 174 20 DNA H. sapiens 174 ccttgctgcg tgtcccaaga 20 175 20 DNA H. sapiens 175 tcgatatgga ccagttcatg 20 176 20 DNA H. sapiens 176 gtcccaagat ttagaacctc 20 177 20 DNA H. sapiens 177 gaacccaaaa gccagagtgc 20 178 20 DNA H. sapiens 178 atttcaagag ggatctaggg 20 179 20 DNA H. sapiens 179 aaacataaga gagccttggt 20 180 20 DNA H. sapiens 180 tctacctgca gcacactcga 20 181 20 DNA H. sapiens 181 tcacaacaga ccaaccggcg 20 182 20 DNA H. sapiens 182 ttccaatttg gtgaaagcag 20 183 20 DNA H. sapiens 183 actctccttg atctatactt 20 184 20 DNA H. sapiens 184 ccgcgggcag atcctgagca 20 185 20 DNA H. sapiens 185 caaaatagac atgccgccct 20 186 20 DNA H. sapiens 186 tgggatttaa aataagctta 20 187 20 DNA H. sapiens 187 cagacttgag tcacaacaga 20 188 20 DNA H. sapiens 188 ttggatgcgg cctattgctt 20 189 20 DNA H. sapiens 189 ctacgtccac tttacattga 20 190 20 DNA H. sapiens 190 ggaggtgatt tccatctaca 20 191 20 DNA H. sapiens 191 ccttggttca tcagtgttaa 20 192 20 DNA H. sapiens 192 acgaacccaa agggtacaat 20 193 20 DNA H. sapiens 193 attgatttca agagggatct 20 194 20 DNA H. sapiens 194 ctgcctacgt ccactttaca 20 195 20 DNA H. sapiens 195 caagagcaga aggcgaatgg 20 196 20 DNA H. sapiens 196 tcaagtccaa agatttaaca 20 197 20 DNA H. sapiens 197 aaatagacat gccgcccttc 20 198 20 DNA H. sapiens 198 acactcagca cagcagggtc 20 199 20 DNA H. sapiens 199 tgaaaaggcg gtactagttc 20 200 20 DNA H. sapiens 200 gttcatgcgc aagaggatcg 20 201 20 DNA H. sapiens 201 atctcttccc ttttggccgg 20 202 20 DNA H. sapiens 202 taatagccac tcgtctcttt 20 203 20 DNA H. sapiens 203 ccgtattaat atttccactt 20 204 20 DNA H. sapiens 204 caaacaactc tccttgatct 20 205 20 DNA H. sapiens 205 ctgtctgccc agttgttaca 20 206 20 DNA H. sapiens 206 tgcccagttg ttacaacacc 20 207 20 DNA H. sapiens 207 tcccaggtgc tctgtgggta 20 208 20 DNA H. sapiens 208 gatgataatg atgatgacga 20 209 20 DNA H. sapiens 209 gctatgcaat aggcaccctt 20 210 20 DNA H. sapiens 210 ctcttagagt taacagtgag 20 211 20 DNA H. sapiens 211 gtggagacca aatactttgc 20 212 20 DNA H. sapiens 212 gaaagtctgc attaagataa 20 213 20 DNA H. sapiens 213 ctaaggaagc ttcttgtaag 20 214 20 DNA H. sapiens 214 gcaagctgaa gctcaccagt 20 215 20 DNA H. sapiens 215 tagggtggaa atggatacac 20 216 20 DNA H. sapiens 216 caatgccaac ttctgtgctg 20 217 20 DNA H. sapiens 217 aagcatctgc ttctccttgc 20 218 20 DNA H. sapiens 218 cagctaaaat tcttggaaaa 20 219 20 DNA H. sapiens 219 gatgatgctt gtaacaagaa 20 220 20 DNA H. sapiens 220 aaactcctag ctgtctgccc 20 221 20 DNA H. sapiens 221 gggtaccttg gtgagtacac 20 222 20 DNA H. sapiens 222 cggcctccca aagtgctggg 20 223 20 DNA H. sapiens 223 tgggattaca ggcgtgagcc 20 224 20 DNA H. sapiens 224 tgtatagcca tcaccactat 20 225 20 DNA M. musculus 225 acactgaact ccatttcttc 20 226 20 DNA M. musculus 226 cctctccctt ccaggagaaa 20 227 20 DNA M. musculus 227 gttgggaacg cgttgcattt 20 228 20 DNA M. musculus 228 ccgctctgag aattactagt 20 229 20 DNA M. musculus 229 ctgagaatta ctagtttctt 20 230 20 DNA M. musculus 230 tttaaaaaca tgcactactg 20 231 20 DNA M. musculus 231 atgcactact gtgtgctgag 20 232 20 DNA M. musculus 232 gcgctcagtc tgtctacctg 20 233 20 DNA M. musculus 233 atgcgcaaga ggatcgaggc 20 234 20 DNA M. musculus 234 agaggatcga ggccatccgc 20 235 20 DNA M. musculus 235 atccgcgggc agatcctgag 20 236 20 DNA M. musculus 236 cccggaagac tatccggagc 20 237 20 DNA M. musculus 237 cccggaggtg atttccatct 20 238 20 DNA M. musculus 238 aggtgatttc catctacaac 20 239 20 DNA M. musculus 239 tccatctaca acagtaccag 20 240 20 DNA M. musculus 240 aagccggagg gcagccgcct 20 241 20 DNA M. musculus 241 agtactacgc caaggaggtt 20 242 20 DNA M. musculus 242 gccaaggagg tttataaaat 20 243 20 DNA M. musculus 243 tttataaaat cgacatgccg 20 244 20 DNA M. musculus 244 cctccgaaaa tgccatcccg 20 245 20 DNA M. musculus 245 ccactttcta cagaccctac 20 246 20 DNA M. musculus 246 tttctacaga ccctacttca 20 247 20 DNA M. musculus 247 tacagaccct acttcagaat 20 248 20 DNA M. musculus 248 tacttcagaa tcgtccgctt 20 249 20 DNA M. musculus 249 cacaaagaca ggaacctggg 20 250 20 DNA M. musculus 250 taaaataagt ttacactgcc 20 251 20 DNA M. musculus 251 tgcaggtatt gatggcacct 20 252 20 DNA M. musculus 252 ccagtggtga tcagaaaact 20 253 20 DNA M. musculus 253 tggtgatcag aaaactataa 20 254 20 DNA M. musculus 254 cctgctaatg ttgttgccct 20 255 20 DNA M. musculus 255 gccctcctac agactggagt 20 256 20 DNA M. musculus 256 tgctttagaa atgtgcagga 20 257 20 DNA M. musculus 257 tgccttcgcc ctctttacat 20 258 20 DNA M. musculus 258 gattttaaga gggatcttgg 20 259 20 DNA M. musculus 259 tggatccatg aacccaaagg 20 260 20 DNA M. musculus 260 gaacccaaag ggtacaatgc 20 261 20 DNA M. musculus 261 tacaatgcta acttctgtgc 20 262 20 DNA M. musculus 262 ccttgctgtg tgtcccagga 20 263 20 DNA M. musculus 263 gtcttgtaaa tgcagctaaa 20 264 20 DNA M. musculus 264 aaatgcagct aaagtccttg 20 265 20 DNA M. musculus 265 aaaatcacgg tgacaatgac 20 266 20 DNA M. musculus 266 gttctgtttg ttaaaactgg 20 267 20 DNA M. musculus 267 gtttgttaaa actggcatct 20 268 20 DNA M. musculus 268 tgtgttacta tataatgaac 20 269 20 DNA M. musculus 269 acctttcatt acccttggaa 20 270 20 DNA M. musculus 270 aaactcatgg atggcttaag 20 271 20 DNA M. musculus 271 aattgtaaat ggttctttgc 20 272 20 DNA M. musculus 272 tctttgccag tttaagcaag 20 273 20 DNA M. musculus 273 acagtaacta ctttacatgt 20 274 20 DNA M. musculus 274 ctactttaca tgtaatgtgt 20 275 20 DNA M. musculus 275 catgtaatgt gtagatctta 20 276 20 DNA M. musculus 276 gctggccagt acctttgaat 20 277 20 DNA M. musculus 277 ctttgcaggc tgattaaaaa 20 278 20 DNA M. musculus 278 aactgtctgc ccagttgtta 20 279 20 DNA M. musculus 279 tctgcccagt tgttacaaca 20 280 20 DNA M. musculus 280 acagtcccag gtgctctgtg 20 281 20 DNA M. musculus 281 cccaggtgct ctgtgggtac 20 282 20 DNA M. musculus 282 gtgctctgtg ggtaccttga 20 283 20 DNA M. musculus 283 ctgtgggtac cttgatgcca 20 284 20 DNA M. musculus 284 taccttgatg ccatcccgcc 20 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound 8 to 80 nucleobases in length targeted to a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2, wherein said compound specifically hybridizes with said nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2 and inhibits the expression of TGF-beta
 2. 2. The compound of claim 1 which is an antisense oligonucleotide.
 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein the antisense oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified internucleoside linkage.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein the modified internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage.
 5. The compound of claim 2 wherein the antisense oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified sugar moiety.
 6. The compound of claim 5 wherein the modified sugar moiety is a 2′-O-methoxyethyl sugar moiety.
 7. The compound of claim 2 wherein the antisense oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleobase.
 8. The compound of claim 7 wherein the modified nucleobase is a 5-methylcytosine.
 9. The compound of claim 2 wherein the antisense oligonucleotide is a chimeric oligonucleotide.
 10. A compound 8 to 80 nucleobases in length which specifically hybridizes with at least an 8-nucleobase portion of a preferred target region on a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta
 2. 11. A composition comprising the compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 12. The composition of claim 11 further comprising a colloidal dispersion system.
 13. The composition of claim 11 wherein the compound is an antisense oligonucleotide.
 14. A method of inhibiting the expression of TGF-beta in cells or tissues comprising contacting said cells or tissues with the compound of claim 1 so that expression of TGF-beta 2 is inhibited.
 15. A method of treating an animal having a disease or condition associated with TGF-beta 2 comprising administering to said animal a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 so that expression of TGF-beta 2 is inhibited.
 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the disease or condition is a hyperproliferative disorder.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the hyperproliferative disorder is cancer.
 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the disease or condition involves hyperactivation of an immune response.
 19. The method of claim 15 wherein the disease or condition is a neurodegenerative disorder.
 20. A method of screening for an antisense compound, the method comprising the steps of: a. contacting a preferred target region of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta 2 with one or more candidate antisense compounds, said candidate antisense compounds comprising at least an 8-nucleobase portion which is complementary to said preferred target region, and b. selecting for one or more candidate antisense compounds which inhibit the expression of a nucleic acid molecule encoding TGF-beta
 2. 